Little is known about the parameters apparent Young's modulus (Ea) or adhesion of animal RBCs with specific biological properties, except from human red blood cells (RBCs), which are a frequent model in single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). We looked at RBCs from chicken, horses, camels, and human foetuses in order to close this knowledge gap, comparing the findings to information from human adults. The discovered species-specific values might be used as a database for additional study. The initial goal of the study was to examine the biomechanical properties of specific animal RBCs that were employed as representative models for various phenotypical traits using a comparative methodology. The second study's goal was to acquire these qualities primarily under physiological circumstances (at body temperature in autologous plasma) and to contrast the results with measurements in aqueous NaCl solution at 25°C under streamlined circumstances. We were curious to see if the pattern of change in biomechanical qualities was the same across all of the RBC phenotypes we evaluated or if other, species-specific inferences had to be made. Results: No matter the suspension medium, all RBC types had a drop in Ea as temperature rose. In mammalian RBCs, adhesion increased as the temperature rose and scaled with the amount of reported membrane sialic acid. Only in chicken did adhesion decline with rising temperature, which we attribute to a lower AE-1 concentration that allowed for more membrane undulations. Ea decreased in plasma at each test temperature, and adhesion disappeared entirely, showing functional cell expansion due to plasma component adsorption on the surface of the RBC. This elastic (solid-like) surface layer affected RBC interaction with the flowing plasma as well as increasing RBC size by hundreds of nanometers. It is stated how crucial the surface layer is for horse RBCs. We also discovered that the shape, rather than the Ea of RBCs, has a stronger effect on the shear-thinning tendency of bulk blood samples in shear flow. The study proves that an RBC surface layer exists and investigates the key distinctions between probing RBCs in physiological circumstances and evaluating cells in basic buffer.
Dina Baier,
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria and Decentralized Biomedical Facilities, Core Unit Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
Ursula Windberger,
bDecentralized Biomedical Facilities, Core Unit Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V3/article/view/7500
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