A Comprehensive Experimental Study on NOx Emissions and Fuel Consumption for SI Engine Fuelled with a Mixture of Gasoline, Hydrogen-rich Synthesis Gas and Hydrous Ethanol | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 

In the automobile industry and environmental research, improving efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines are of utmost importance. This chapter includes a thorough investigation into how operating a spark-ignited engine with various binary blends of conventional (local Saudi Gasoline 91 and 95) and nonconventional (anhydrous- and hydrous-ethanol) liquid fuels affects fuel economy and NOx exhaust emission levels. The impact of introducing hydrogen-rich syngas produced on board with plasma assistance into the test fuel combinations is also explored. The improvement of on-board hydrogen-rich syngas production with plasma assistance as well as the erosion resistance of various materials for the plasma's cathode are also discussed. In all experiments, the engine was run at a constant speed, compression ratio, and ignition timing while the equivalent air-fuel ratio was alternately run at stoichiometric and lean conditions and the engine load was continuously varied from idle to 10 kW. The results showed that the maximum reduction in NOx emission levels was caused by blending hydrous ethanol with a water content of 40% into both conventional gasoline 91 and 95 fuels, reaching 55 percent and 60 percent, respectively, at stoichiometric operation and without injecting the hydrogen-rich syngas. Furthermore, the reduction was raised to 63 percent and 72 percent, respectively, with the injection of the hydrogen-rich syngas. A considerable reduction in NOx emission levels of hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends when compared to other test fuels was observed while driving the engine under a lean air-fuel ratio, and this reduction continued as the air-fuel ratio equivalency became leaner. It was found that lanthanide tungsten cathodes had better anti-erosion resistance than those composed of hafnium metal.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmed A. Alharbi,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Ahmad A. Almaleki,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Yousof A. Mashraei,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Mustafa H. Almadih,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Naif B. Alqahtani,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Abdullah M. Alkhedhair,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Abdullah J. Alabduly,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Ibrahim A. Alshunaifi,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Miqad S. Albishi,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Abdullah A. Almayeef,
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

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