\(Gd^{3+}\) / \(Sm^{3+}\) Co-doped Lead Alumino-borophosphate Glasses: Synthesis and Characterization | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 4

 

A series of multicomponent (Lead, Sodium, Aluminum and Zinc) Borophosphate glasses doped with Sm3+ and Gd3+ ions with molar composition xPbO - (40-0.5x)B2O3 - (40-0.5x)P2O5 - 9.0Na2O - 1.0Al2O3 - 9.6ZnO - 0.2Sm2O3 - 0.2Gd2O3 (x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35) was synthesized using the conventional melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of these glasses was confirmed with XRD studies. The density measurement was done by using Archimedes' principle with the help of a KEROY mechanical balance. The density measurements show a regular and systematic increase in density from 3.6008 g/cm3 to 4.6397 g/cm3 with an increase in PbO content in exchange for the two glass formers. The optical absorption spectra of these glasses were recorded by using a UV/visible spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan) in the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm at normal incidence. The values of Eg for the glass samples of the series decrease with an increase in PbO content. The synthesised samples may find applications for energy converters, X-ray dosimeters, and radiation shielders/sensors.

 

Author (s) Details

Randev Singh
Department of Physics, Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa College, Sri Anandpur Sahib, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v4/5726

Doped Cerium Oxide: Effect of Sintering Temperature on Density, Structural and Morphological Properties of Mg, Sr Doped Ceria | Chapter 9 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 

Doped Cerium oxide continued to be the candidate electrolyte material due to its stability and superior ionic conductivity compared to YSZ. Strontium doped and Magnesium doped Ceria solid solutions, Ce0.99Sr0.01O1.995 and Ce0.99Mg0.01O1.995 were synthesized by cost-effective solid-state reaction method and were sintered at 1200oC, 1300oC and 1400oC to investigate the effect of sintering temperature and doping on density, structural and morphological properties. The bulk densities were measured by the Archimedes method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the synthesized samples were in single-phase cubic fluorite structure (space group Fm3m). The surface morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micrographs show spherical faceted grains, and the samples were crack-free, dense material with some pores on the surface which are inconsistent with density results. The chemical composition was analyzed by the EDS technique. It is observed that the density increases with increasing sintering temperature and with doping of strontium. The grain size depends on the sintering temperature and type of doping. The lattice parameter increases with sintering temperature and substitution of Sr in ceria. The Grain size of Sr-doped ceria decreases, whereas that of Mg-doped ceria increases. EDS spectra show that the samples are free of contaminants. The Ce_0.99Sr_0.01  O_1.995 shows a more open structure than the undoped ceria.

Author(s) Details:

Syed Ismail Ahmad,
General Sciences Department – Physics Division, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, P.O. Box No. 31096, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V9/article/view/14317

Study of Solution by Excess Thermodynamic Functions | Chapter 5 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 The study of various types of solutions by the principles of excess thermodynamic functions is very main to understand the interaction patterns betwixt molecules and ions in the solutions.Namely by using ultrasonic waves, dipole importance,  density, refractive index, stickiness, deviation in viscosity, surplus free energy, surface tension to decide the thermodynamic functions and its excess as glut internal pressure, audile impedance and its overkill, rigid sphere width, internal pressure, excess surface strain, dimensionless surface tension and allure excess, the change of entropy accompanying pressure and excess volume, growth coefficient, relative change in volume too polarizability, solvated radii and vapor chromatography and Rayleigh scattering.

Author(s) Details:

Farid Mohamed Mahmoud Farag,
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V5/article/view/12912

Research Conducted on Aquatic Macrophytes and their Importance in Gopaldas Pond Located in Sidhi Municipal Area, Madhya Pradesh, India | Chapter 18 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 This chapter focuses on the study of aquatic macrophytes and their importance in the Gopaldas pond of Sidhi municipal Area, Madhya Pradesh, India. The pond exhibits a rich variety of plant species, leading to vigorous macrophyte growth. Some of these macrophytes in the pond serve beneficial purposes for humans and domestic animals. Given that macrophytes significantly contribute to pond productivity, this research primarily centres around this aspect.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

I. P. Prajapati,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Prabha Prajapati,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12465

Analysis of the External Forces Affecting the Tractor Trailer Lifting-Tipping Device | Chapter 6 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The item discusses the movement of a lifting and tilting device for a worm trailer. The impact of outside loads on the device, estimation of the trailer's load volume and tilt angle, analysis of changes in their limits.

Author(s) Details:

Khakimzyanov R. R.,
Department of Automative and Manufacturing Engineering, Tashkent State Transport University, St. Temiryulchilar, Tashkent, 100167, Uzbekistan.

Shermukhamedov A. A.,
Higher Attestation Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100047, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V8/article/view/12360

Glial Cell-Targeted Treatments for Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review of Available Data and Clinical Perspectives | Chapter 6 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Bipolar disorder poses meaningful challenges to the mental health society, and effective situation strategies are crucial in directing this complex condition. This paper presents a comprehensive orderly review of treatment approaches for bipolar disorder, accompanying a specific devote effort to something synthesizing evidence from treatment directions and clinical trials. A orderly search was conducted utilizing Google Scholar, yielding 375 relevant documents, during the ending from June 1, 2022, to August 30, 2022.The primary objective of this study search out provide an revised and rigorous evaluation of the existent treatment guidelines and dispassionate trial evidence for bipolar disorder. By checking a wide range of interventions, this review aims to offer clinicians and investigators valuable insights into evidence-located practices for the management of this disorder.The verdicts of this review reveal essential situation modalities for manic-depressive illness. Lithium emerges as a critical pharmacological mediation for controlling and lessening severe mood adventures. Additionally, olanzapine demonstrates productiveness in managing acute crazy or mixed episodes of manic-depressive illness. Moreover, Cariprazine shows promise in achieving better influence or remission outcomes.  Lurasidone is emphasize for its potential in reconstructing cognitive performance between individuals accompanying bipolar disorder.Furthermore, this study underscores the significance of addressing co-morbid environments in bipolar disorder administration. For instance, quetiapine is identified as an effective situation for improving sleep condition and co-morbid anxiety. The consolidation of carbamazepine and lithium emerges as a favored approach in managing psychotic madness with co-morbidity. Adjunctive olanzapine or lamotrigine is urged for treating co-nasty anxiety, while mood stabilizers confirm beneficial in calling co-morbid bulimia. Moreover, fatigue situation considerations suggest the exercise of a dawn simulator.In agreements of dietary recommendations, the review stresses the significance of adopting a healthful diet. Probiotics intake and attention to the balance of oily acids are suggested to support overall prosperity in patients with manic-depressive illness.In conclusion, this systematic review provides inclusive insights into evidence-located treatment options for manic-depressive illness. By evaluating the influence of various interventions, it offers clinicians and scientists valuable guidelines to improve the management of bipolar disorder efficiently. The findings of this study focal point the critical function of treatment guidelines and dispassionate trials in numbering the knowledge base and improving effects for individuals endure bipolar disorder.

Author(s) Details:

Julia Wang,
Lumiere Academy, Shanghai, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V2/article/view/11802

Partial Molar Volumes of Glycine in Aqueous Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solutions | Chapter 3 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 Partial a hard bony structure in the jaws of vertebrates volumes (⁰ᵥ) of glycine (c=0.02-0.22 mol.dm-³) in liquid electrolyte solutions (NaCl and KCl, c=0.15, 0.45 and 0.60 mol.dm-³) and non-electrolyte answers (sucrose, c=0.15, 0.45 and 0.60 mol.dm-³)  were determined at 298.15 K. Partial something that chops volume of transfer (∆tr⁰ᵥ) of glycine from liquid to aqueous electrolyte and non-electrolyte answers has been planned and interpreted in agreements of different interplays. Dominating hydrophilic-hydrophilic or ion-hydrophilic interactions are observed in present structures and these interactions encourage with increase in aggregation of salts and sucrose. Hydration presence of glycine perturbs in presence of salts and hydrogen through solvation and hydrogen bonding effects of co-solutes and happened in the overall enhancement of water form.

Author(s) Details:

S. D. Deosarkar,
School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, M.S., India.

P. D. Tawde,
School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, M.S., India.

A. D. Arsule,
School of Chemical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431606, M.S., India.

P. S. Bodkhe,
Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Camp Amravati -444603, M.S., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V1/article/view/11129

Study about Classified Indian Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): In-situ and Lab Density, Bitumen Content and Gradation Characteristics| Chapter 11 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

 In this study, bituminous substanced content, in-situ and lab bulk, and gradation of RAP divided into differing categories were used to characterise RAP. The verdicts of this study will be constructive in designing the job join formula (JMF), that will incorporate RAP constant percentages in the bituminous layer of adaptable pavements. This study is a step toward environmentally friendly growths that combine responsive pavement construction accompanying resource preservation and environmental protection. Asphalt and aggregate-holding pavement materials that have existed removed and/or reprocessed are refer to as reclaimed blacktop pavement (RAP). When asphalt pavements are detached for reconstruction, resurfacing, or to receive access to underground duties, these materials are caused. RAP is made up of prime, well-graded aggregates covered in blacktop cement after being painstakingly crushed and secluded. Recycling of asphalt pavement refers to the process of utilizing reclaimed blacktop pavement (RAP). When traditional, damaged pavement matters are milled and beaten to be contained as a component to fresh mixtures equipped in the pavement building, RAP material is produced. The principal plant process involves stockpiling RAP at the asphalt plant, that is then argue virgin materials at the plant and trucked to the building site for lay down and compaction. Use of RAP invasion construction will defeat depletion of virgin aggregates possessions and also overcome to disposal question of bituminous wastes. It is necessary  to access possessions of RAP aggregate and  recovered  bitumen before utilizing in actual boulevard pavements. RAP samples collected and a order of tests are performed for characterization and acting evaluation of picked RAP samples of different groups.

Author(s) Details:

Anil Kumar Yadava,
Public Works Department, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Syed Aqeel Ahmad,
Integral University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V7/article/view/8511

Evaluating the Physical and Optical Properties of K2O - TeO2 - WO3 - B2O3 Glasses | Chapter 7 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

 

The density, glass transition temperature, and optical traits of tellurium-primarily based totally glasses including  〖WO〗_3,B_2 O_3  and K_2 O are studied on this chapter.  The density and glass transition temperature of the cutting-edge gases range with  K_2 O mol% . The values of the direct optical band hole, oblique optical band hole energy (E_o), and Urbach energy (ΔE) have all been calculated from the optical absorption research. The values of (E_o ) and (ΔE) range linearly with〖 K〗_2 O mol%.

Author(s) Details:

Avula Edukondalu,
Department of Physics, Osmania University, Telangana, 500007, India and Department of Physics, University Post Graduate College, Secunderabad, Osmania University,  Telangana, 500003, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V8/article/view/7886

Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Concrete with Lightweight Aggregate | Chapter 3 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 9

One of the key issues that might lessen a building's longevity is the corrosive exterior environment's effect on the concrete construction. The article examines the effects of component type on a few characteristics of lightweight concrete (LWC) that have been subjected to hostile liquids. When using lightweight concrete with porous aggregates, consideration should be given to the impact of a hostile environment. The publication contains the findings of testing on four light concretes that were subjected to hostile liquids and had varying water-cement ratios and compositions. Granulated expanded glass aggregate (GEGA) and granulated sintered ash aggregate (GAA) were used to create the concrete mixes, along with the mineral ingredient silica fly ash. LWC specimens underwent a year of in-lab curing before being exposed to hostile liquids for 60 days. Strong acid—HCl, at 1% and 2% concentrations; weak acid—CH3COOH, at 1% and 2% concentrations; and an aqueous salt solution of Na2SO4, at 1% and 2% concentrations—were the different conditions. After that, the structure was studied, and the impact of aggressive liquids on the LWC's compressive strength was looked at. Additionally, the weight of samples of lightweight concrete after corrosion was calculated. The test technique may be used to estimate the impact of aggressive liquids on the LWC more quickly, according to the findings of the test. LWC has strong resistance to hostile liquids when combined with GEGA and GAA aggregates. The research findings also show that HCl solution was the most aggressive, whilst Na2SO4 was the least aggressive. The rate of corrosion advancement increased with the destructive factor concentration. Concretes with aggregates consisting of sintered fly ash and foamed glass can be used in both conventional construction and in buildings with harsh environments.

Author(s) Details:

Marzena Kurpinska,

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Elzbieta Haustein,

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Filip Kurpinski,

Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V9/article/view/7376

Determining the Diversity and Density of Zooplanktons of Kolar Reservoir in India | Chapter 7 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The purpose of this research is to find out how diverse and dense the zooplankton is in the Kolar reservoir in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The density of the planktons was determined using samples obtained from three different reservoir sampling points. In the reservoir during the research year of 2007-2008, there were three main kinds of zooplanktons. Their scientific names are Protozoa, Rotifera, and Crustacea. With 950org/l, Crustacea had the highest average density. The highest density was discovered in June, while the lowest density was discovered in November. Zooplanktons are significant bioindicators of water pollution, hence studying them is crucial for every water body.

Author(s) Details:

Ruchira Chaudhary,
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.V.M., Bhopal (M.P.), India.

Rachana S. Pillai,
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.V.M., Bhopal (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7049

Variation of Density and Biomass of the Ichthyofauna Associated to Soft Bottoms of a Western Coastal Lagoon of B.C.S., Mexico: A Recent Study | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

From November 2016 to September 2017, a study of the variance in density and biomass of fish populations in the lagoon of La Paz, Mexico, was done. A total of 2763 organisms were gathered in an area of 5022 m2 with a total biomass of 211,422.93 g, a density and biomass of 0.550 lnd/m2 and 44.091 g/m2, respectively. The highest biomass was found in Zacatecas (11.179 g/m2), which is located north of the lagoon, while the lowest biomass was found in Grand Plaza (2.732 g/m2). The highest density was found in Yate Hundido, located northwest of the lagoon (0.129 lnd/m2), while the lowest was found at Las Palmas, located north of the lagoon (0.036 lnd/m2). The most common species was Diapterus peruvianus. with 683 individuals and 37,507.57 g of biomass The physicochemical parameters indicated two seasons with substantial variation, with higher summer temperatures (average of 27.45°C.) and lower winter temperatures (average of 22.49°C.). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H' = 2.133 bits/ind) showed a month-to-month difference (p = 0.050), with the highest value (H' = 2.133 bits/ind) in April and the lowest value (H' = 1.041 bits/ind) in June. The overall goal was to determine the biomass and density of resident and transitory fish species in the La Paz lagoon, and it was discovered that the biomass and density values recorded in the lagoon were linked to the spatio-temporal variation of the lagoon's temperature, as well as the resident and transient species found there the research field.

Author(s) Details:

Bruma R. Castillo-Rosas,
Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S. México.

Emelio Barjau-González,
Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S. México.

Juan Manuel López-Viva,
Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S. México.

José Ángel Armenta-Quintana,
Departamento Académico de Ciencia Animal y Conservación del Hábitat, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.

Javier Aguilar-Parra,
Departamento Academico de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.

Elvia E. Aispuro-Felix,
Departamento Academico de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, CP 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7048

Ultrasonic Investigation of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O in Glycol + Water Solvent at 303.15 K | Chapter 6 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 10

 Isentropic compressibility (s), intermolecular free length (Lf), apparent molar volume (v), apparent molar compressibility (k), molar compressibility (W), molar sound velocity (R), and acoustic impedance (Z) of Ni are among the acoustic properties studied (NO3). The ultrasonic velocity (U), density (), and relative viscosity (r) of 6H2O in 10%, 20%, and 30% Glycol + Water at 303.15K were determined from the solution's ultrasonic velocity (U), density (), and relative viscosity (r). These values are connected to the solution's molar concentration and represent the distortion of the solvent's structure, i.e. Glycol + Water. Because the majority of solvent molecules interact with the solute, adding more solute molecules to the solvent speeds up the process of breaking down aggregates of solvent molecules. Because large sized solute molecules act as structure promoters, this mechanism inhibits the propagation of sound waves.

Author (S) Details

S. B. Mishra
Department of Chemistry, Radhanath Rath Vigyan Degree Mahavidyalaya, Khuntuni, Cuttack, Pin-754029, Odisha, India.

Ajaya Kumar Patnaik
Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753003, Odisha, India and Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V10/article/view/2626

The Population Dynamics of the Luangwa (Zambia) Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) during the Period 1952 – 2015 | Chapter 5 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The population size of hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758) in Zambia's Luangwa valley was previously assessed for the period 1976-2008 and repeated 2009-2015, and it was discovered to have reached and maintained a carrying capacity K of 6000 individuals over a 165 km river stretch. The riverbank count method, as used in previous studies, was used in this study, which spanned the years 2009 to 2015. In 1976, a 165-kilometer stretch of land was set aside for intensive population monitoring using the same survey methods. The results of this monitoring revealed that the population experienced high densities of up to 42 hippopotami/km between 1976 and 2008. The method entailed counting individuals and locating hippopotamus schools using GPS. During the period 2009-2015, the population oscillated in irregular cycles above and below K of 6000, remaining within the carrying capacity band of 3000 people are involved. The highest population size was 7,862 hippopotami with a density of 48/km in 2015, and the lowest population size was 4501 hippopotami with a density of 27/km in 1978. Between 1976 and 2008, and 2009 and 2015, the population fluctuated between 5000 and 8000 people, indicating that the population had reached its asymptote. Plot of population size from 1976 to 2015 using a population model that was a hybrid of less accurate regulation and a stable limit cycle. Environmental resistance was blamed for the slowing of population growth at K and the oscillations. More research is needed to determine the impact of climate change on population size and density fluctuations in order to determine whether K will rise or fall.

Author (s) Details

Chansa Chomba
School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Zambia

Twakundine Simpamba
Department of Research, Chinzombo Research Centre, Mfuwe, Zambia.

Vincent Nyirenda
Department of Research, Planning, Information and Veterinary Services, Chilanga, Zambia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V9/article/view/1509

A Detailed Study: Does the Luangwa Hippo Population Size and Density Distribution Vary between Upper and Lower Study Blocks? What Are the Management Implications of Such Distribution Pattern? | Chapter 3 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The distribution of the common hippopotamus was studied along a 165-kilometer stretch of the Luangwa River in eastern Zambia. Population growth and decline cause oscillations that have persisted for the last 40 years (1976-2015). The research area was divided into upper (A-D) and lower (E-H) study blocks. Between 1976 and 2015, population data revealed a significant difference in the pattern of density distribution between upper and lower study blocks. Upper blocks had a higher density of 41/km than lower blocks, which had a density of 29/km. The length of the study blocks and mortality were discounted because density was used to determine the distribution pattern and mortality was applied to both river segments and was insignificant. These findings suggest that higher hippopotamus density was associated with higher primary production in each study block as influenced by river geomorphologic features such as river bends and confluences. The current study also discovered that hippopotamus pasture was primarily limited to the alluvial belt, which contained vast grasslands in some places, such as the Nsefu Plains in the upper river segment. Additional research is needed to look into other factors that may have interacted with food (above ground grass biomass) and river meander features to separate upper and lower blocks.

Author (s) Details

Chansa Chomba
School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Disaster Management Training Centre, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Zambia.

Twakundine Simpamba
Department of Research, Zambia Wildlife Authority, Chilanga, Zambia.

George Kampamba
Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.

Vincent Nyirenda
Department of Research, Zambia Wildlife Authority, Chilanga, Zambia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V9/article/view/1507

Research on Soil Seed Banks of a Rangeland Area White Nile State, Sudan | Chapter 13 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 At the study site, three soil depths (0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 15 cm) were selected, and the number of live and dead seeds for each were counted in the soil seed bank. The results of the investigation were as follows: In comparison to the lower soil depths (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm), the seed bank density was higher in the upper soil depths (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm) (10 to 15 cm). The seed density was discovered to be decreasing as the depth was increased. The density of live seeds ranged from 1015 to 5371 seeds/m2, while the density of dead seeds was 3215 to 6957 seeds/m2. Grass species such as Schoenefeldia gracilis, Brachiaria spp., Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and Aristida spp. were the most common, with Schoenefeldia gracilis, Brachiaria spp., Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and Aristida s Panicum turgidum, Euphorbia aegyptiaca, and Cyperus rotundus were among the dominant species to which the dead seeds belonged. The percentage of dead seeds was also higher than that of live seeds, according to the report.

Author (s) Details

A. K. Elsafori
College of Forestry and Range Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 6146, Post Code 11113, Khartoum, Sudan.

A. N. Guma’a
Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

M. A. El Nour
Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V7/article/view/609

An Advanced Study of Ultrasonic Velocity, Density and Compressibility by Using Polar-Nonpolar Binary Liquid Mixtures at 303.15 K | Chapter 9 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 7

 At 303.15 K, the ultrasonic velocity (U), density (), and compressibility () of polar-nonpolar binary liquid mixtures of Nitro methane (NM) and Toluene were measured and investigated. Thermodynamic parameters such as excess velocity, excess acoustic impedance, and excess adiabatic compressibility have been calculated using this data. The findings were explained in terms of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of polar and non-polar molecules. To calculate the data's standard deviation, excess parameters are fitted. As a consequence of the findings, it can be deduced that polar NM has a weak interaction with non-polar toluene. Due to the presence of a structure breaking factor, the weaker interaction attributes the de-clustering or rupture of hydrogen bonding through dissociation between the different types of species of the molecules.

Author (s) Details

Dr. S. L. Patankar
Department of Physics, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad 431003, India.

Dr. H. N. Thorat
Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangabad 431004, India.

Prof. A. G. Patil
Department of Physics, Vivekananda College, Aurangabad 431004, India.

Dr. A. G. Murugkar
Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangabad 431004, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V7/issue/view/41

A Detailed and Comparative Study on Conventional Sintering with Microwave Sintering and Vacuum Sintering of Y2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2 Ceramics | Chapter 12 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 6

 This chapter focused on comparative studies on conventional, microwave and vacuum sintering of alumina-added stabilised zirconia yttria (YSZ). When energy and time savings are involved, microwave sintering has been found to be the most effective sintering technique. In contrast to the conventionally sintered ones, microwave and vacuum sintered specimens display improved densification at lower temperatures. In contrast to the traditional and vacuum sintered specimens, the microwave sintered specimen displayed the highest hardness. In addition, it was found that the size of the particle had a prominent role in regulating densification enhancement.

Author(s) Details

Mayur Shukla
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India and CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata, India.

Sumana Ghosh
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata, India.

Nandadulal Dandapat
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata, India.

Ashis K. Mandal
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata, India.

Vamsi K. Balla
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/355

Research on Acoustical Parameters and Apparent Molar Volume of Lithium Soaps in Methanol | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 3

 Ultrasonic measurements of lithium soap velocity and density (abietate, oleate and myristate) were measured in methanol at different frequencies (1-5 MHz) and under different conditions in order to determine the critical micelle concentration and different soap solution acoustic parameters. There are several factors, such as solving amphiphilic solutes, the structure of the ionic head group, and the length of the non-polar portion of amphiphilic solutes, that contribute to changes in apparent molar volume. The evaluated ultrasonic velocity parameters and density data indicate a major interaction of solutesolvent in higher concentrations of dilute solution and micellar aggregation.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Raghunath P. Varma
Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, India.

H. Goel
Department of Applied Science, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal-246 194, Uttarakhand India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/318