Evaluation of the Safety and Anti-cholangiocarcinoma Efficacy of CMC-Formulated Atractylodes lancea Rhizome Extract in Animal Models | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is commonly reported in Asia, with the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. The lack of effective chemotherapeutic drugs has limited the chemotherapy of CCA. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies support further research and development of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) as a potential candidate for treating CCA as a crude ethanolic extract.

Aim: In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity and anti-CCA activity of the CMC (Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control) capsule formulation of the ethanolic rhizome extract of AL (CMC-AL) in animals.

Methods: This experimental, preclinical study focused on a pharmacological agent's safety (toxicity) and efficacy in animal models. The study included toxicity testing (to assess the formulation's safety) and anticancer efficacy testing (to evaluate its therapeutic potential). Major steps included acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity testing in Wistar rats and anti-CCA activity in a CCA-xenografted nude mouse model. According to the OECD guideline, the safety of CMC-AL was determined based on the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL). The anti-CCA activity of CMC-AL in nude mice was evaluated after transplantation of CL-6 cells to evaluate inhibitory effects on tumor size progression and metastasis and survival time prolongation. Safety assessments included hematology, biochemistry parameters and histopathological examination. Lung metastasis was investigated using a VEGF ELISA kit.

Results: Preclinical toxicity testing (acute, subchronic, and chronic) is essential to confirm the safety of the finished products, either chemicals or herbal products. All evaluations confirmed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties of oral formulation and safety profile of the CMC-AL with no overt toxicity up to the MTD and NOAEL of 5,000 and 3,000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. CMC-AL exhibited potent anti-CCA efficacy concerning inhibitory activity on tumor progression and lung metastasis.

Conclusions: CMC-AL is safe and should be further investigated in a clinical trial as a potential therapy for CCA patients. The findings confirmed the safety profile of the CMC formulation of the standardized AL extract following a prolonged period of 365 days.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand and Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand, Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand and Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3511

Research on Acoustical Parameters and Apparent Molar Volume of Lithium Soaps in Methanol | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 3

 Ultrasonic measurements of lithium soap velocity and density (abietate, oleate and myristate) were measured in methanol at different frequencies (1-5 MHz) and under different conditions in order to determine the critical micelle concentration and different soap solution acoustic parameters. There are several factors, such as solving amphiphilic solutes, the structure of the ionic head group, and the length of the non-polar portion of amphiphilic solutes, that contribute to changes in apparent molar volume. The evaluated ultrasonic velocity parameters and density data indicate a major interaction of solutesolvent in higher concentrations of dilute solution and micellar aggregation.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Raghunath P. Varma
Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, India.

H. Goel
Department of Applied Science, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal-246 194, Uttarakhand India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/318

The Impact of Computer-mediated Communication and Interactional Feedback on the Correct Use of Past Tense | BookPI International

This study aims at investigating the effect of types of feedback (explicit vs. implicit) on the acquisition
of simple past tense by Iranian EFL learners and its retention. The parametric independent t-tests
were run to investigate the research questions posed in this study. To this end, 60 pre-intermediate
EFL learners from Sa`adat high school who were chosen based on their performance on KET English
Test took part in the study. The students whose scores were between one standard deviation above
and below the mean were selected for the study. The students were assigned into two groups:
experimental group 1(N=30) that received explicit corrective feedback and experimental group 2
(N=30) that got implicit feedback after sending their mail to the researcher. The data were analyzed
through the parametric statistical analysis of Pearson Correlation and independent t-test. The results
show that the first experimental group (explicit group) outperformed the second group (implicit group)
so, Iranian EFL learners have acquired past tense better using explicit method of teaching grammar.
Also the findings revealed that Iranian EFL learners have retained past tense better using explicit
method of teaching grammar. Theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings of this study
are reported at the end of the thesis.

Author (s) Details

Fatemeh Alipanahi
Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/219