Recession Behaviour of Oxides under High Velocity Steam Jet | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

This review summarises the results of a collaborative research project between the Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AIST) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) from 2002 to 2005, conducted as part of the “US-Japan High-Level Consultation on Climate Change Science and Technology Working Group.” The focus was on water vapour as a corrosion species. The oxide was exposed to the same temperature and high-velocity steam jet conditions as those in gas turbines, and its corrosion behaviour was evaluated. The investigation targeted oxides with good corrosion resistance in preliminary tests and low coefficients of thermal expansion. Specifically, rare earth silicates, eutectic materials, and zircon were examined. The polycrystalline rare earth silicate phase developed a porous surface due to selective corrosion of the intergranular glass phase. The crystalline phase is also partially decomposed, resulting in a silica-deficient phase. In the corrosion of rare earth silicate phases, the presence of grain boundary glass phases significantly affected the stability of the crystalline phase itself. The Lu2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13 eutectic material, prepared through solidification, lacked glass phases at the grain boundaries, which prevented the formation of porous structures due to corrosion. The Al6Si2O13 phase was fully corroded. Tests on the zircon phase showed that the silica component leached from the crystalline structure. Generally, when double oxides containing silica are exposed to gas turbine conditions, phase decomposition occurs, leading to corrosion of the silica components. This results in the formation of a silica-deficient phase at the bulk surface. For many oxides, exposure tests conducted under gas turbine conditions have demonstrated that Lu2Si2O7 exhibits the highest corrosion resistance. Therefore, controlling the microstructure of the EBC layer containing this phase or the overall structure of the coating is significant for further enhancing corrosion resistance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shunkichi Ueno
College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan.

 

Hua Tay Lin
School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6762

Recession Behaviour of Oxides under High Velocity Steam Jet | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 6

 

This review summarises the results of a collaborative research project between the Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AIST) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) from 2002 to 2005, conducted as part of the “US-Japan High-Level Consultation on Climate Change Science and Technology Working Group.” The focus was on water vapour as a corrosion species. The oxide was exposed to the same temperature and high-velocity steam jet conditions as those in gas turbines, and its corrosion behaviour was evaluated. The investigation targeted oxides with good corrosion resistance in preliminary tests and low coefficients of thermal expansion. Specifically, rare earth silicates, eutectic materials, and zircon were examined. The polycrystalline rare earth silicate phase developed a porous surface due to selective corrosion of the intergranular glass phase. The crystalline phase is also partially decomposed, resulting in a silica-deficient phase. In the corrosion of rare earth silicate phases, the presence of grain boundary glass phases significantly affected the stability of the crystalline phase itself. The Lu2Si2O7/Al6Si2O13 eutectic material, prepared through solidification, lacked glass phases at the grain boundaries, which prevented the formation of porous structures due to corrosion. The Al6Si2O13 phase was fully corroded. Tests on the zircon phase showed that the silica component leached from the crystalline structure. Generally, when double oxides containing silica are exposed to gas turbine conditions, phase decomposition occurs, leading to corrosion of the silica components. This results in the formation of a silica-deficient phase at the bulk surface. For many oxides, exposure tests conducted under gas turbine conditions have demonstrated that Lu2Si2O7 exhibits the highest corrosion resistance. Therefore, controlling the microstructure of the EBC layer containing this phase or the overall structure of the coating is significant for further enhancing corrosion resistance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shunkichi Ueno
College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan.

 

Hua Tay Lin
School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v6/6762

Chemical Removal of Carbonate Scale in Pipes from Oil and Gas Production | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 4

 

Scale deposition and corrosion are the two costliest problems in the oil industry. During the inspection and maintenance carried out in onshore wells in oil and gas production, the presence of adherent scales inside the pipes was revealed. The oil, natural gas and formation water produced in these onshore oil wells come from reservoir rocks rich in minerals such as calcite (CaCO3) and/or dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3). The formation waters of these wells contain sufficient levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- ions to generate carbonate scale, causing restrictions on the flow of oil and gas production. To return to the initial conditions of oil production, it is necessary to remove the internal carbonate scales with hydrochloric acid injection and to prevent internal corrosion of carbon steel pipes, it is essential to add the corrosion inhibitor to the acid solution. The present study evaluates the dissolution of carbonate scale and the corrosion resistance of carbon steel using gravimetric (mass loss) and electrochemical (polarization) tests. Studies were completed with and without the addition of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/L propargyl alcohol in HCl solutions with concentrations of 10 wt. % and 15% wt. % at temperatures of 25, 40 and 60 °C. Chemical analyses have revealed that carbonate scales are predominantly composed of 83% calcite, 2% dolomite and 2% kaolinite and the rest is made up of iron oxides and hydroxides. The hydrochloric acid solutions with 10 wt. % and 15 wt. % have become an excellent removing agent with a yield of more than 98%. The results of mass loss assays showed that the addition of propargyl alcohol in 10 wt. % and 15 wt. % HCl provided excellent protection to the carbon steel with an efficiency superior of 95%.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Fernando B. Mainier

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Renata Jogaib Mainier

Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v4/1053

The occurrence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in many industrial processes promotes massive corrosion by crevices and pitting in the carbon steel that makes up most industrial processing equipment. This study presents the properties of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and, consequently, the mechanisms of its corrosive action. The mechanisms by which corrosion inhibitors work to inhibit the corrosive process caused by CO2 in the vapor and liquid phases are presented. Commercial formulations used to inhibit carbon dioxide corrosion must meet a number of quality assurance criteria and/or specifications, including solubility, active matter content, volatility, foaming tendency, residues and deposits. Evaluation and monitoring of the inhibiting ability of commercial formulations should be determined based on laboratory, pilot and field tests using carbon steel or other metal or alloy coupons. Finally, the toxicity of active substances and solvents used in commercial corrosion inhibitor formulations must be evaluated for potential harm to humans and the environment. Author(s) Details Fernando B. Mainier Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Renata Jogaib Mainier Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ailton Macedo Medeiros Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Humberto Nogueira Farneze Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v9/3757

 

The occurrence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in many industrial processes promotes massive corrosion by crevices and pitting in the carbon steel that makes up most industrial processing equipment. This study presents the properties of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and, consequently, the mechanisms of its corrosive action. The mechanisms by which corrosion inhibitors work to inhibit the corrosive process caused by CO2 in the vapor and liquid phases are presented. Commercial formulations used to inhibit carbon dioxide corrosion must meet a number of quality assurance criteria and/or specifications, including solubility, active matter content, volatility, foaming tendency, residues and deposits. Evaluation and monitoring of the inhibiting ability of commercial formulations should be determined based on laboratory, pilot and field tests using carbon steel or other metal or alloy coupons. Finally, the toxicity of active substances and solvents used in commercial corrosion inhibitor formulations must be evaluated for potential harm to humans and the environment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Fernando B. Mainier

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Renata Jogaib Mainier

Universo – Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, S. Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Ailton Macedo Medeiros

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Humberto Nogueira Farneze

Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v9/3757

Corrosion Performance of UNS S41427 Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Propargyl Alcohol Inhibited Hydrochloric Acid | Chapter 1 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 9

 

The search for Oil and Gas has led to the exploration of wells at increasingly greater depths, which requires the materials used to possess specific characteristics to withstand severe conditions of temperature and pressure. In this context, the use of stainless steel has been growing compared to carbon steels, due to their superior resistance to corrosion. To address these limitations, a subclass known as super martensitic stainless steel has emerged. These steels exhibit superior corrosion resistance compared to martensitic steels, although, under certain conditions, they remain susceptible to corrosion, particularly pitting, generalized corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress corrosion in acidic environments containing sulfides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the UNS S41427 super martensitic stainless steel in a solution of hydrochloric acid at 10% and 15%, at temperatures of 30 ºC, 45 ºC, and 60 ºC, over immersion times of 1 hour and 3 hours, and in concentrations of propargyl alcohol of 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1000 mg/L. The behavior of the material was also observed in the solution without the presence of the inhibitor. Gravimetric tests revealed that the corrosion rate increased with higher concentrations of HCl, temperature, and immersion time of the test specimen. Furthermore, the addition of propargyl alcohol resulted in a significant reduction in the corrosion rate under all analyzed conditions. The results indicated that the inhibitor's protection efficiency exceeded 80 - 90% in most experimental conditions, corroborating the initial expectations of the study.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Fernando B. Mainier

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Renata Gomes Calisto

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v9/3814

Corrosion and Inhibition Effects of Organophosphonic Solution on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium | Chapter 6 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

The present study has been conducted on the corrosion mechanisms of mild steel and the impact of nitrilo trimethylene phosphonic (NTMP) acid as a corrosion inhibitor in a 10% HCl acidic environment. Various polymers and phosphonates have been integrated into inhibitor formulations for use in aqueous and acidic environments. The weight loss method and electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic and galvanostatic polarization measurements, were employed. Corrosion, though typically a long-term process, initially occurs at a faster rate, which gradually decreases over time. The above methods of assessing corrosion rates provide an average value over an extended period. Due to the versatility and low detection limits of the voltammetric methods, the researchers have developed a new voltammetric approach to determine corrosion rates immediately after some short periods like 5 min. The study presents the result of mild steel corrosion in a 10% HCl solution, with and without the NTMP inhibitor, at short intervals. It was found that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of NTMP is 93% after 24 hours. NTMP has been used as a corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion of Mild steel in acidic media found very good results. Its inhibition efficiency is 93% after 24h, thus it may be very useful for industrial applications.

 

Author(s) Details

Jyotsna Mishra
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SCOPE Global Skills University, Bhopal, MP, India.

 

Shakuntala Patel
Department of Chemistry, Shree Ram College of Engineering, Jabalpur, MP, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1460

Cathodic Protection in Onshore Pipeline: Case Studies on Corrosion-Induced Leaks and Environmental Impacts| Chapter 6 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8

The transportation of oil through onshore pipelines is a critical operation that requires stringent safety measures to prevent leaks, which can have severe environmental and economic consequences. This study investigates the role of cathodic protection in preventing external corrosion of pipelines, focusing on three case studies involving different failure scenarios. Key findings indicate that factors such as changes in soil resistivity, interference from nearby electrical infrastructure, and inadequate maintenance significantly contribute to cathodic protection failures, leading to pipeline leaks. The results underscore the importance of proper system design, continuous monitoring, and maintenance to mitigate the risk of corrosion and ensure safe pipeline operations. This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the reliability of cathodic protection systems in onshore pipeline networks.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Fernando B. Mainier
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Luciana Torres
Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v8/2572

Experimental Study on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Bonded with Alumina Ceramic | Chapter 4 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8

The present study highlights about Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Bonded with Alumina Ceramic. Aluminium is a malleable and lustrous substance that is classified as a member of the boron group on the periodic table. Aluminium and its alloys possess a low weight and can provide solutions for optimizing the ratio of strength to weight in cars. However, they are unsuitable for applications that need great resistance to wear. Aluminium alloy is mixed with highly wear-resistant alumina ceramic to enhance its suitability for high-wear applications, such as brakes. Aluminium can withstand corrosion as a result of passivation. Alumina ceramic, a non-metallic material, has excellent resistance to wear. Aluminium may undergo ceramic coating by many methods such as adhesives, brazing, and thermal plasma spraying. Aluminium may be bonded with alumina ceramic using an epoxy resin, which is often used for joining both metals and non-metals. After applying epoxy resin to cover the Aluminium with ceramic, the material was subjected to tribological testing and EDX analysis to conduct research. The material may attain similar mechanical and tribological characteristics.

 

Author (s) Details

V. Jayaprakash
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

 

M. Anish

School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

J. Senthilkumar
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

 

S. R. Aakaash
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

 

K. Manikandan
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

 

A. King Sivabala
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute Science and Technology, Chennai, India.

 

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v8/2089

Microstructural and Corrosion Analysis of Heat-Treated AISI 316 Stainless Steel Weldments in Acidic Environments | Chapter 7 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 1

Stainless steel type AISI 316 samples were welded and subjected to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) to analyze their microstructural and corrosion behavior. The PWHT process involved heating specific welded samples to 400°C for 12 minutes using a muffle furnace. Microstructural analysis and chemical characterization were carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method in a controlled environment. Both the as-welded and heat-treated samples were immersed in 0.5M tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid (H₂SO₄) at room temperature for 15 days. During this period, samples were removed every 3 days for evaluation. The results revealed that PWHT substantially improved corrosion resistance compared to the as-welded samples. This enhancement is attributed to PWHT’s role in increasing resistance to stress corrosion cracking by refining the microstructure. The research also indicated that aggressive sulphate ions (SO₄²⁻) continuously degrade the protective oxide layer on the stainless-steel surface, contributing to its corrosion susceptibility in H₂SO₄ environments. Additionally, two primary carbide precipitates, Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃, were detected, which can negatively impact the material’s performance by promoting localized corrosion and reducing mechanical integrity. These findings emphasize the importance of PWHT in enhancing the durability and corrosion resistance of stainless steel weldments, while also highlighting the need to control carbide precipitation to ensure optimal performance in engineering and industrial applications.

 

Author (s) Details

Adegoke Adesanmi
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Jos, 930003, Nigeria.

 

Ibrahim Momoh-Bello Omiogbemi
Mechanical Engineering Department, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna 800282, Nigeria.

 

Nicholas Sylvester Gukop
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Jos, 930003, Nigeria.

 

Ishaya Musa Dagwa
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Abuja, Gwagwalada, Abuja 900001, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v1/3672

Corrosion in Concrete: Understanding the Corrosion of Reinforced and Pre-stressed Concrete Structures | Book Publisher Imternational

 Corrosion presents a significant challenge to concrete structures, diminishing the design service life of reinforced and prestressed concrete elements. The study of corrosion behavior in Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures can aid in mitigating its effects. Furthermore, the findings from such studies can be utilized to assess the remaining service life of structures, determine the condition of existing structures, and inform the selection of appropriate repair and retrofitting methods.

In Chapter 1 of this book, the fundamental principles governing the corrosion behavior of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures are thoroughly examined. The chapter delves into the corrosion mechanisms arising from the ingress of chloride ions and carbonation, providing a comprehensive discussion of these critical processes. Additionally, the chapter expounds on the cracking mechanisms induced by corrosion, offering detailed illustrations to elucidate these phenomena. By exploring these topics, Chapter 1 sets the foundation for a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between corrosion, material properties, and structural integrity in RC and PC structures.

In Chapter 2, the focus shifts to the intricate corrosion behavior observed in prestressed concrete structures. Distinguished from their reinforced counterparts, prestressed concrete structures feature steel strands that are precompressed using external forces and subsequently embedded within ducts. This unique design aspect imparts distinct challenges and vulnerabilities to these structures. Notably, the potential collapse of prestressed concrete structures can occur abruptly, often without visible signs, owing to the high stresses the strands endure. This chapter meticulously examines the multi-faceted steps involved in the corrosion process specific to prestressed concrete structures. By dissecting these mechanisms, Chapter 2 illuminates the complex interplay between corrosion dynamics, structural design nuances, and the critical role of maintenance in ensuring the longevity and safety of such infrastructure.

Assessing the remaining service life of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures is crucial for enhancing structural safety. In Chapter 3 of this book, a comprehensive exploration into the mechanisms for evaluating the service life of RC and PC structures is presented separately. The corrosion processes inherent in RC and PC structures are intricately dissected into multiple stages, each with its unique characteristics. Through a rigorous analysis utilizing both numerical simulations and physical models, equations have been derived to quantify the time consumed at each of these corrosion stages. These derived equations serve as invaluable tools, offering insights into the total service life of corroded structures. By delineating these steps and providing quantitative models, Chapter 3 equips engineers and practitioners with the necessary framework to make informed decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and retrofitting of RC and PC structures, ultimately contributing to the overall safety and longevity of these vital infrastructural assets.

Chapter 4 of this book delves into a comprehensive exploration of the various laboratory and field tests indispensable for assessing the corrosion tendencies in Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures. These evaluations serve as crucial steps in ensuring the structural integrity and longevity of these vital constructions. In the realm of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), a myriad of methodologies emerges as stalwart tools for gauging the corrosion levels within existing structures. These techniques provide engineers and inspectors with invaluable insights into the internal condition of RC and PC elements, aiding in timely maintenance and preservation efforts. Moreover, the chapter sheds light on the significance of laboratory-based assessments, which offer controlled environments for meticulous examinations. Among these, the Accelerated Corrosion Test Method (ACTM) stands out as a pivotal procedure, simulating aggressive corrosion conditions to predict material behavior over time accurately. Similarly, the Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) serves as a reliable gauge, offering precise measurements of chloride ion ingress and subsequent corrosion susceptibility.

Furthermore, the discussion extends to corrosion detection tests, offering a closer look at innovative methodologies designed to pinpoint corrosion hotspots. These tests, ranging from electrochemical techniques to advanced imaging technologies, equip engineers with the ability to identify, localize, and quantify corrosion-induced damages with unparalleled precision. Through an amalgamation of NDT practices, rigorous laboratory examinations, and cutting-edge detection methodologies, engineers and researchers gain a comprehensive toolkit to safeguard the durability and safety of RC and PC structures against the pervasive threat of corrosion. This chapter serves as a vital compendium, guiding professionals in the intricate task of corrosion evaluation, mitigation, and preservation for the infrastructure of today and tomorrow.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Bindu Hewa Janaka Pushpakumara
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973574-2-8

Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry | Book Publisher International

A thorough textbook called "Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry" aims to give readers a fundamental grasp of the ideas that guide the study of engineering chemistry.

This book, written by subject-matter specialists, provides a methodical and approachable introduction to the fundamental ideas that are crucial for aspiring scientists and engineers. Building upon this foundation, the work investigates the applications of chemistry in engineering fields such as materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. The importance of chemistry in resolving practical engineering issues is highlighted, which makes the material applicable and useful. The writers use concise explanations, interesting examples, and useful applications throughout the book to improve understanding and make it easier to apply chemical principles to engineering issues.

"Basic Concepts of Engineering Chemistry" is a vital tool for professionals, instructors, and students looking for a strong foundation in the fundamentals of engineering chemistry. It focuses on closing the gap between theory and practice. The book covers the following themes like:

 

·         Electrochemistry and batteries

·         Corrosion and its control

·         Water technology

·         Materials chemistry

·         Fuels and combustion

This book equips readers with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the multidisciplinary field of engineering, whether it is utilized as a textbook or reference guide. We are indeed very happy to present this book for all B.E & B.Tech Engineering candidates and also for UG & PG chemistry students.

Author(s) Details:

Surendiran Mohan,
Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Science, Vinayaka Mission's Chennai Campus, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Chennai - 603 104, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shinyjoy Elangomannan,
Department of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Salem, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/BCEC/article/view/14179

Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of Aluminum 6013 Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Red Mud Particulates in Acid Chloride Medium | Chapter 4 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 1

This study focuses on assessing the corrosion properties of metal matrix composites comprised of red mud particulate and aluminum 6013 alloy, particularly for potential use in automobiles due to their cost-effectiveness and comparable or superior performance. Limited research has been conducted on the environmental behaviour of these alloys. Aluminum 6013 alloys, chosen for their relatively high strength in comparison to zinc alloys with a lower melting point, serve as the matrix alloy in this research. Red mud, known for its ceramic inertness and resistance to acidic mediums, is used as a reinforcement in particle sizes ranging from 50-80 µ. Corrosion rates are determined through experiments in an acid chloride medium using the static weight loss method. The metal matrix composites, prepared according to ASTM standards via the liquid melt metallurgy technique using the vortex method, include variations with 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight of red mud, alongside an unreinforced matrix. Tests are conducted using different concentrations of hydrochloric acid at room temperature, with specimens in the form of 20 mm × 20 mm cylinders. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to examine the microstructures of the specimens. Corrosion rates for all samples are calculated using the formula 534 W/DAT mpy. Results, presented in simulation curves, indicate that the composite exhibits higher corrosion resistance compared to the matrix alloy. However, in each test, both alloy composites show a decrease in corrosion resistance over time, attributed to the physical barrier formed by the red mud particles.

Author(s) Details:

K. N. Chandrashekara,
SJC Institute of Technology, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V1/article/view/13611

Synthesis of Uniform and Strongly Adherent Poly (Aniline-co-o-toluidine) Copolymer Coatings on Copper | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 The uniform and powerfully adherent poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) (PAOT) copolymer coatings were synthesized on law enforcement officer (Cu) by the electrochemical copolymerization of aniline accompanying o-toluidine. Also the individual polymer i.e. polyaniline (PANI) and polytoluidine (Cauldron) coatings were synthesized on Cu under cyclic voltammetric environments. Aqueous oxalate answers were used as the supporting electrolytes for the combining of PAOT, PANI and POT coatings on Cu. The happening coatings were characterized by different spectroscopic methods, cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier translate infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), basic magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and flipping through electron microscopy. The comparative study of description results was carried out of PAOT5, Container and PANI coatings.The Fourier Transform Infra Coral (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Reverberation (NMR) spectroscopy studies reveal that the copolymerization of aniline and o-toluidine takes establish Cu substrates from an aqueous oxalate solutions and happening in PAOT copolymer, there are more o-toluidine wholes than aniline units.

Author(s) Details:

Pritee Raotole,
MGSM’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Chopda, Dist-Jalgaon 425107, Maharashtra, India.

S. R. Patil,
MGSM’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Chopda, Dist-Jalgaon 425107, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V4/article/view/12932

Corrosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy by Radio Frequency Technique used for Coating Deposition of Multilayer (HA/TiN/Ti6Al4V-Substrate) for Optimization Power | Chapter 7 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 7

 The objective concerning this study is to perform material / chemical description and to determine the corrosion fighting of calcium-phosphate (HA), TiN-based biography-ceramics and thin metal enameling processed by a Ti-6Al-4V process. TiN and HA coating maximum capacity 150 watts. The presence of TiN200 Watt TiN s covering resulted in electrochemical corrosion. High current photoelectric and passive photoelectric polarization shows an active surface. EIS shows the alive behavior assumed apiece active photoelectric currents imposed. And HA on the sample surface, some cacophony was observed all along both polarization and EIS tests.

Author(s) Details:

Mustafa A. Mahmood,
Department of Medical Physic, College of Science, Alkarkh University of Science, Iraq.

M. A. Ulkareem,
Department of Physics, Baghdad Factuality Science, Baghdad, Iraq.

F. T. M. Noori,
Applied Physics Center, Materials Research Directorate, Iraq.

M. K. Khalaf,
Applied Physics Center, Materials Research Directorate, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V7/article/view/11123

Corrosion Performance of Steel Embedded in Activated Fly Ash Concrete | Chapter 5 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 Cement actual is the most coarse construction material used in foundation projects because of allure versatility. Fly ash is individual among the usually used not organic admixtures as it is available in large quantities in many underdeveloped countries. The Ministry of Power, Government of India, estimates that 600 million tons of flee ash will stem from thermal power plants by 2031-2032, that is a major concern for the surroundings. The use of fly ash as a construction material is largely contingent upon its not organic structure and pozzalonic property. Different plans of activation can help these two properties of flee ash. This paper focuses on the chemical incitement of fly ruins with CaO and Na2SiO3, and the corrosion potential of chemically triggered fly ruins concrete against consuming environments is demonstrated by acid opposition tests, impressed power studies, and permeability studies.

Author(s) Details:

Sunilaa George,
Department of Civil Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641105, India.

R. Thenmozhi,
Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013, India.

P. N. Magudeswaran,
Hindhusthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641 008, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V9/article/view/9987

Titanium Toxicity and Allergy: Highlights on Titanium Structured Spectacle Frames | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 Titanium has long happened the most valuable material used to forge dental implants and orthopaedic prosthetics cause it is thought of as an lifeless, incredibly resistant, and biocompatible mineral. However, titanium is not infaillible, as it has been liable to be subjected corrosion and to after titanium toxicity, hypersensitivity, and probably still to a form of autoimmunity. Evidence of failure of the device, though, is relatively unique. While commenting on its medical benefits and its disappointments, we discuss the rare use of the ingot in the spectacles manufacturing and some of allure exceptional, related snags. Due to its lifeless properties, to its being an intensely resistant and biocompatible ore, the titanium has won for age, a position as the most prominent material secondhand for the manufacture of dentures and orthopedic prosthetics.

Author(s) Details:

Daniel Benharroch,
Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Israel and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V1/article/view/9506

Chemical and Thermal Shock Resistance Properties of Porous Silicon Carbide Ceramics| Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 5

 Porous silicon carbide (SiC) potteries have been thought-out as promising candidates as the catalytic support, machinelike seals, hot-vapor and molten-metal filters, vapor turbine structure, heat exchanger tubes, etc. due to their excellent features. In such requests under corrosive atmosphere, the SiC porcelain materials knowing different type of corrosions such as; deposit-inferred corrosion, inactive oxidation, active decay, scale volatility, scale interplays, etc., depending on their composition. SiC stoneware filters can withstand assertive chemical and thermal shock environments during their use, being more favorable than polymeric or metallic materials. Thermal and synthetic resistance features ultimately determine the rightness and service life of potteries for applications in corrosive air. Detailed study on the effect of thermal shock and disintegration in strong acidic/soluble conditions at raised temperature on absorbent SiC ceramics and the microstructure and mechanical feature evolutions of the corroded SiC potteries are still very few. It is always a preferable choice to have earlier information on warm shock and corrosion resistance possessions of any new material before selecting the material for requests in one or more corrosion surroundings. Therefore in this phase it is aimed to review and quantitatively assess various types of thermal and synthetic corrosion at various hotnesses on the microstructure, materials features and flexural strength of porous SiC potteries prepared by differing methods. A brief summary is given on the current state of information on the effect of chemical and warm corrosion, influence of the chemical disintegration conditions (type of seasoning, acid/alkali, temperature, pressure, etc) and warm shock resistance (chilling/heating as a function of quenching temperatures and quenching phases, etc) on the material and mechanical features.

Author(s) Details:

Dulal Das,
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700 032, India.

Nijhuma Kayal,
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700 032, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V5/article/view/8898

Advantages of Electrochemically Synthesized Organic Compound in the Corrosion Inhibition with Azoschiffs Base| Chapter 10 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

  In the current review, direct decrease in the fragrant ring by electrochemical course at the research center scale is investigated. This idea is imagined as a preliminary endeavor to achieve an elective course to the dreary synthetic course and to create an immediate strategy for integrating the Azo-imine bunches into the fragrant ring moiety, in a solitary step. The trial part involves two portions - Electro engineered work and Electro scientific work. The electrochemically orchestrated azodye shows erosion restraint proficiency on shaping a layer of hydrophobic film on the outer layer of steel. The erosion hindrance of electrochemically combined azo Schiff bases shows great outcome contrast with azo schiffs bases which is blended by ordinary strategy, then it was concentrated by weight reduction technique.

Author(s) Details:

S. A. Shreekanta,
Department of Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

R. Purushothama,
Department of Environmental Science, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V4/article/view/7817

Study on Rebar Corrosion Monitoring and Prevention Techniques | Chapter 10 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

A metal steadily deteriorating as a result of chemical interactions with the environment is known as corrosion. The expenditures of construction, maintenance, and repair have a significant impact on the structure's service life. Early reinforcement corrosion is mostly to blame for the structure's failure. This paper discusses the corrosion mechanism, contributing factors, corrosion monitoring methods, and corrosion prevention strategies. The concrete can be monitored for corrosion as a useful technique to detect durability issues earlier. Linear polarisation, active monitoring with sensors, DAQ cards, impedance measurement with chips, and other monitoring approaches are available. Use of cathodic protection inhibitors, fiber-reinforced polymers, and paints with different chemical compositions are a few preventative strategies.

Author (s) Details

N. Sooriyalakshmi
Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.

H. Jane Helena
Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7555

Study of the Resistance to Influence of Aggressive Liquids on Concrete with Lightweight Aggregate | Chapter 3 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 9

One of the key issues that might lessen a building's longevity is the corrosive exterior environment's effect on the concrete construction. The article examines the effects of component type on a few characteristics of lightweight concrete (LWC) that have been subjected to hostile liquids. When using lightweight concrete with porous aggregates, consideration should be given to the impact of a hostile environment. The publication contains the findings of testing on four light concretes that were subjected to hostile liquids and had varying water-cement ratios and compositions. Granulated expanded glass aggregate (GEGA) and granulated sintered ash aggregate (GAA) were used to create the concrete mixes, along with the mineral ingredient silica fly ash. LWC specimens underwent a year of in-lab curing before being exposed to hostile liquids for 60 days. Strong acid—HCl, at 1% and 2% concentrations; weak acid—CH3COOH, at 1% and 2% concentrations; and an aqueous salt solution of Na2SO4, at 1% and 2% concentrations—were the different conditions. After that, the structure was studied, and the impact of aggressive liquids on the LWC's compressive strength was looked at. Additionally, the weight of samples of lightweight concrete after corrosion was calculated. The test technique may be used to estimate the impact of aggressive liquids on the LWC more quickly, according to the findings of the test. LWC has strong resistance to hostile liquids when combined with GEGA and GAA aggregates. The research findings also show that HCl solution was the most aggressive, whilst Na2SO4 was the least aggressive. The rate of corrosion advancement increased with the destructive factor concentration. Concretes with aggregates consisting of sintered fly ash and foamed glass can be used in both conventional construction and in buildings with harsh environments.

Author(s) Details:

Marzena Kurpinska,

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Elzbieta Haustein,

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Filip Kurpinski,

Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V9/article/view/7376