Silicon-carbon paste electrode interface in contact with redox indigo carmine for electrochemical sensor application | chapter 6 | chemical and materials sciences: research findings vol. 5

 

Cyclic voltammetry characterisation of the silicon-carbon paste electrode interface in contact with indigo carmine (5, 5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt) showed 3 redox peaks in acidic medium at ph =3. These are the indigo carmine (ic) /leucoindigo carmine (lic) pair and that of dehydroindigo carmine (dhic). These peaks appear at the respective potentials ic (- 0.05v), lic (- 0.1 v) and dhic (0.5 v). In basic medium, only one peak appears, that of dehydroindigo carmine at the potential 0.69 v vs ag/ agcl / kclsat. Dehydroindigo carmine obtained in a basic medium is adsorbed on the surface of the working electrode. It has in its chemical structure the carbonyl group capable of complexing mercury. During these redox reactions, there is a transfer of two protons, h+, and two electrons. These redox reactions take place at the surface of the working electrode containing the active sites, thanks to the transport of matter by diffusion and adsorption. Each redox peak has an electrochemical impedance consisting of the resistance of the electrolyte, the electrochemical double layer capacity, the charge transfer resistance and the warburg impedance. Their study allows the equivalent electrical circuit of the interface to be produced.

 

Author(s) details

 

Seiny Roger N'dri
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

Mariame Coulibaly
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

N'guessan Alfred Yao
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v5/6455z

Synthesis of Uniform and Strongly Adherent Poly (Aniline-co-o-toluidine) Copolymer Coatings on Copper | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 The uniform and powerfully adherent poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) (PAOT) copolymer coatings were synthesized on law enforcement officer (Cu) by the electrochemical copolymerization of aniline accompanying o-toluidine. Also the individual polymer i.e. polyaniline (PANI) and polytoluidine (Cauldron) coatings were synthesized on Cu under cyclic voltammetric environments. Aqueous oxalate answers were used as the supporting electrolytes for the combining of PAOT, PANI and POT coatings on Cu. The happening coatings were characterized by different spectroscopic methods, cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier translate infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), basic magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and flipping through electron microscopy. The comparative study of description results was carried out of PAOT5, Container and PANI coatings.The Fourier Transform Infra Coral (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Reverberation (NMR) spectroscopy studies reveal that the copolymerization of aniline and o-toluidine takes establish Cu substrates from an aqueous oxalate solutions and happening in PAOT copolymer, there are more o-toluidine wholes than aniline units.

Author(s) Details:

Pritee Raotole,
MGSM’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Chopda, Dist-Jalgaon 425107, Maharashtra, India.

S. R. Patil,
MGSM’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Chopda, Dist-Jalgaon 425107, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V4/article/view/12932

Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer by Pyrogallol in N,N-Dimethylformamide through Superoxide Scavenging | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 This member explains a mechanistic intuitiveness into the scavenging of superoxide radical anion (O2.-) by benzene-1,2,3-triol (pyrogallol) in N,N-dimethylformamide on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and in seated position electrolytic electron spin reverberation spectrum by way of density functional hypothesis (DFT) calculations. The closeness of pyrogallol altered the almost-reversible dioxygen/O2.- redox pair, signifying that O2.- was scavenged by pyrogallol by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), that involves two proton transfers and individual electron transfer. According to DFT computations, the superior kinetics of O2.- scavenging by pyrogallol as demonstrated for one electrochemical results can be related by the pre-sensitive formation of a hydrogen-bond (HB) complex and the subsequent coordinated two-proton-coupled power transfer (2PCET) characterized by the catechol subdivision in pyrogallol. Furthermore, comparative tests engaging related compounds revealed that the three hydroxyl groups of pyrogallol increase the establishment of HB complex even if individual of them is not complicated in the 2PCET mechanism, leading to the publicity of O2.- scavenging.

Author(s) Details:

Tatsushi Nakayama,
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University; Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V9/article/view/11899

A Mechanictic Insight into Superoxide Scavenging by Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives Involving Caffeic Acid through Proton-coupled Electron Transfer| Chapter 6 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 This research explains a mechanistic insight into scavenging of superoxide radical anion (O2•-) by (2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid (caffeic acid), top-secret as a hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives. With the aid of bulk functional hypothesis (DFT) calculations, the responsiveness to stimuli of caffeic acid toward electrogenerated O2•- was examined utilizing cyclic voltammetry, in seated position electrolytic electron spin reverberation spectrometry, and in situ electrolytic ultraviolet-seeable spectrometry in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Caffeic acid appears to change the quasi-erratic redox of dioxygen/ O2•-, indicating that it scavenges O2•-  by proton-connected electron transfer.  Experimental evidence from corresponding studies with added HCAs has shown that the ortho-diphenol (catechol) subdivision rather than the acryloyl group mediates the reactivities of caffeic acid toward O2•-. The electrochemical and DFT calculations in DMF indicated that the catechol subdivision serves as the intermediary in a related two-proton-coupled energized matter transfer pathway. This arrangement exemplifies the better movement of caffeic acid's O2•- scavenging.

Author(s) Details:

Tatsushi Nakayama,
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu-501-1196, Japan.

Bunji Uno,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani 509-0923, Gifu, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V1/article/view/11132

Sol Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Carbides | Chapter 7 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 This phase deals with the preparation, features, electrochemical and electrical generated power behaviour of carbides. Zirconium carbide (ZrC) was synthesized by a simple brightest star–gel arrangement using zirconium n-propoxide, acetic acid, and sweet substance as carbon beginning. The sol-gel deal with of materials offers various potential advantages over conventional forms. The most important are enhanced properties regarding the particular microstructural features. The unit presents the synthesis of ZrC powders by the brightest star-gel means.  When heat-treated at 900ºC under flowing argon flow, gels translated into intimately assorted amorphous raw powder. Further heat situations above 1200, 1300, 1500ºC led to the composition of zirconium carbide with some disappeared oxygen in the lattice. The potential fanlight and the electrochemistry of standard redox reactions have been examined in 1 M KCl solution at a flip through rate of 50 mV s-1using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region of -1 to 1.4 V. Electrochemical limits of the carbide using natural electrolyte have been studied by recurrent voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrical generated power as a function of temperature in the range of 50-950ºC is also examined.q

Author(s) Details:

Anju Dixit,
Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences UIET, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEIMS-V1/article/view/10423

An Insight into Principles of Cyclic Voltametry and Analysis of Voltammogram | Chapter 5 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 2

 The recurrent voltametry provides electrochemical informations such as redox potential, spread coefficients, chemical movement and the nature of storage methods in energy depository materials of an analyte by the calculation of current as a function of voltage. The voltammogram gives informations about recurrent stability, intercalation and deintercalation co-efficients, reversibility of a reaction, faradaic/nonfaradaic charge transfer systems and surface or diffusion regulated mechanisms etc. The chapter gives fundamental plans of cyclic voltametry methods and the principles of cyclic voltametry. The episode also depicts both the qualitative and all-inclusive evaluation of recurrent voltammograms with essential theoretical and exploratory supports.

Author(s) Details:

M. Manuja,
Research and Postgraduate Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Changanasserry Kottayam-686101, Kerala, India.

Gijo Jose,
Research and Postgraduate Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Changanasserry Kottayam-686101, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V2/article/view/10148

A Study on Electrochemical Behaviour of Sodium Saccharin in an Aqueous Electrolyte Solution Using Cyclic Voltammetric Technique by a Nano-sensor | Chapter 8 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 It used a nano-sensor of the chemical compounds consumed by diabetic patients as a substitute for natural sugar to detect the electrochemical characteristics of sodium saccharin in different electrolytes. The cyclic voltammetric method was used to examine sodium saccharine in different electrolytes, with the working electrode (CNT/GCE) being a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT). The redox current maxima of 0.01 mM sodium saccharine in 1 M Na2SO3 were observed to improve using the CNT electro-catalyst on the GCE surface. In Na2SO3, the effects of various sodium saccharine concentrations, pH, and scan rates were examined. The nanosensor also displayed high dependability and stability towards chemical compounds in the cyclic voltammetric cell. Other electrochemical characteristics such as potential peak separation (Epa-Epc≈100 mV), redox peak current ratio (Ipa/Ipc≈1), and cathodic-anodic reaction rate were measured. The diffusion coefficient was calculated at various scan rates.

Author(s) Details:

Muhammed M. Radhi,
Radiological Techniques Department, Health and Medical Technology College- Baghdad, Middle Technology University, Iraq.

Yousif K. A. Amir,
Fatima Al-zahraa Hospital, Iraq.

Anfal I. Ibrahim,
Fatima Al-zahraa Hospital, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V2/article/view/7135

A Mechanistic Insight into Oxidative Degradation of Favipiravir by Electrogenerated Superoxide through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer | Chapter 02 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 7

 This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the oxidative degradation of favipiravir by electrogenerated superoxide via proton-coupled electron transfer. The oxidative degradation of pyrazine antiviral drugs, 3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (T-1105) and 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide (favipiravir, T-705), by the electrogenerated superoxide radical anion was investigated using electrochemical analyses aided by density functional theory calculations (O2-). T-1105 and T-705 are antiviral RNA nucleobase analogues that inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase selectively. They are likely to be used as a therapeutic candidate to treat a variety of viral diseases, including COVID-19. O2- degraded the pyrazine moiety via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Our findings reveal that its active form, pyrazine-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate, is easily oxidised by overproduced O2- in inflamed tissues via the PCET pathway in the immune system. This mechanistic work suggests that regulating the PCET via simple pyrazine structural alteration will prevent oxidative degradation of pyrazine derivatives.

Author(S) Details

Tatsushi Nakayama
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Ryo Honda
United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V7/article/view/5994

A Mechanistic Insight into Superoxide Elimination by Mesalazine through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer | Chapter 2 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 This study elucidates a molecular understanding of how 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid eliminates the superoxide radical anion (O2•) (mesalazine, 5-ASA). Using cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the removal of O2• by 5-ASA, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-ASA), and related drugs used for ulcerative colitis treatment was examined. The chemicals altered the quasi-reversible O2/O2• redox, implying that an acid–base reaction occurs in which a hydroperoxyl radical (HO2•) is generated from O2•. The deprotonated 5-ASA anion, on the other hand, can remove O2• via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), resulting in a radical product. ESR research verified this electron transfer (ET). The PCET, which involves two proton transfers and one ET based on -conjugation, is aided by the 4-aminophenol moiety in 5-ASA. After deprotonation of the 1-carboxyl group, O2• removal by 5-ASA occurs efficiently through the PCET mechanism, according to electrochemical and DFT studies. Through PCET-based O2• removal, 5-ASA may operate as an anti-inflammatory drug in the alkali gut.

Author(S) Details

Tatsushi Nakayama
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Ryo Honda
United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V5/article/view/4929

Preparation, Physical and Electrochemical Characterization of Nickel Cobaltites, NixCo3-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5): A Recent Study | Chapter 10 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 Mixed oxides of spinel type NixCo3-xO4 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5 have been synthesized via several methods. We used X-ray diffraction, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller process, and scanning electron microscopy to look into their physicochemical properties To investigate their electrocatalytic performances, cyclic voltammetry, steady-state measurements, and roughness factor were used. According to the X-ray diffraction patterns, the oxides crystallize in a cubic spinel phase with a unit lattice parameter that increases with x and is a feature of the preparation process. The electrochemical surface area of the powders was estimated using the double layer capacitance, which was measured using cyclic voltammograms. The Pechini synthesis yields oxides with increased surface area, electrical conductivity, and roughness electrochemical activity. The findings indicate that catalytic properties are critical.

Author (s) Details

Makhtar Guène
Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d'Analyse Environnementale, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V6/article/view/1442