Concurrent Immune Thrombocytopenia and Crohn’s Disease: A Review of Reported Cases |Chapter 4 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 

Background and Aim: The coexistence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is not common. This review investigated studies involving cases of concurrent ITP and CD.

 

Methods: A literature search and review of studies on patients with comorbid ITP and CD, excluding those with drug- or vaccination-induced ITP, was conducted.

 

Results: Of the 32 cases included in this review, 17 (53.1%) were men, and 15 (46.9%) were women. Ten (31.3%) patients were initially diagnosed with ITP, and 12 (37.5%) with CD. Meanwhile, 10 (31.3%) patients were simultaneously diagnosed with ITP and CD. The development of ITP might be associated with CD aggravation in some cases. The standard therapeutic approaches for comorbid ITP and CD were glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and splenectomy. However, ITP remission might be achieved with bowel resection for CD. No fatalities were reported.

 

Conclusion: In the reported cases of comorbid ITP and CD, no clear trends were observed regarding sex and preceding disease. Nevertheless, the prognosis in these cases can be favourable.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Toru Shizuma
Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v5/6056

 

Hepatic Venous Outflow Tract Obstruction in Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report | Chapter 6 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

 The present study reports a case of a patient with UC and CMV colitis, complicated by the development of HVOTO. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to many extra-intestinal manifestations, amongst which the risk for thrombo-embolic complications is one, but hepatic vein thrombosis has been reported as a rare extra-intestinal complication of UC. We report a case of a 23-year-old female diagnosed with Hepatic Venous Outflow tract obstruction (HVOTO) with ulcerative colitis (UC) with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Colitis. HVOTO with UC is a very rare entity, to the best of our knowledge there have been only a few published case reports of HVOTO with UC. Our patient presented with fever, bloody stools with tenesmus, colicky abdominal pain from the last 6 months, and pedal edema with abdominal distention from the last 2 months. Sigmoidoscopy and biopsy were done on presentation which was suggestive of active ulcerative colitis with CMV colitis. Color Doppler of the spleno-portal axis was done suggestive of HVOTO. The patient was started on Ganciclovir, Mesalamine, and anticoagulants and was subjected to balloon angioplasty after which anticoagulants were continued. The patient has been followed up for 6 months now and is doing well. There should be a high level of suspicion for HVOTO in patients with IBD presenting with ascites, dilated veins and tender hepatomegaly.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Nitesh Bassi
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Aakash Shah
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Ishan Mittal
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Shishirendu Parihar
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Anurag Tiwari
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Vinod Kumar
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

S. K. Shukla
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

V. K. Dixit
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Devesh Prakash Yadav
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v5/3612G

Comorbid Cases of Immune Thrombocytopenia and Crohn’s Disease | Chapter 10 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Background and Aim: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) does not commonly coexist with Crohn’s disease (CD). Therefore, this review aimed to investigate studies involving patients with comorbid ITP and CD.
 
Methods: A literature search and review was conducted for the patients with comorbid ITP and CD, excluding those with drug or vaccination-induced ITP.
 
Results and Conclusion: Among 26 cases included in this review, ITP, CD, and comorbid ITP and CD were initially diagnosed in 8, 10, and 8 cases, respectively. The onset of ITP might be associated with CD aggravation in some cases. Although standard therapies in comorbid ITP and CD cases were glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, biologics, and splenectomy, bowel resection for CD might achieve ITP remission in some cases. No fatalities were reported among 26 cases.

Author(s) Details:

Toru Shizuma,
Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13523

An Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Chapter 6 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of intestinal diseases that cause prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are two main types of IBD. Both usually involve severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fatigue and weight loss. The exact cause of inflammatory bowel disease remains unknown. People who have a parent, sibling or child with IBD are at a much higher risk for developing it themselves. Chronic inflammation can lead to ulcers anywhere in the digestive tract, including the mouth and anus and in the genital area (perineum). IBD treatment usually involves either drug therapy or surgery. IBD can cause some discomfort, but there are ways an individual can manage the disease and still live a healthy, active lifestyle.

Author(s) Details:

Balwant Singh Gill,
SGRDH-Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology & Pancreatico - Biliary Sciences, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13519

Assessing Quality of Life in Cypriot Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Chapter 10 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 The study examined the impact of idiopathic instigative bowel disease (IBD) on strength-related quality of growth (HRQoL) using the Greek Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire. 100 sufferers with IBD were judged. The study found that age, common, and family rank affected HRQoL in patients accompanying UC and CD. Higher HRQoL scores were observed in men, older ages in UC, wedded in CD, and CD patients discussed with organic factors. The study concluded that IBD had a negative affect HRQoL.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Tsoukka,
Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus University General Hospital of Larnaca, 7020 Larnaca, Cyprus.

Eleni Jelastopulu,
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 261 Patras, Greece.

George Charalambous,
General Hospital of Athens “Hippocratio”, 100 Athens, Greece.

Panagiota Evangelou,
Undergraduate of Medical School, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9961

A Review on Designing and Formulation Approaches for Development of Novel Colon Specific Drug Delivery Systems | Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

The goal of a recent review paper is to investigate the variables that influence designing and formulation strategies for the creation of possible colon-specific drug delivery systems. These variables had an impact on the general pattern of drug release from the delivery systems, as well as on drug absorption and bioavailability at the site of effects. Additionally, the function and effects of those inert polymers that were included into formulations as a matrix or reservoir are discussed. Drug delivery methods that target the colon have the potential to cure a wide range of illnesses, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and colon cancer. Over the previous few decades, According to findings from several researchers, the colonic area has the potential for effective local and systemic medication absorption. The gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy and physiology, pH variations, presence of microorganisms, transit duration, fluid volume, etc. of the human body all have an impact on these methodology-based delivery systems. This article discusses a few strategies that have been investigated for developing dosage forms that target the colon and comprise pharmacological candidates that can be used for all potential therapeutic advantages.

Author (s) Details:

Reena Kaushik,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, (C.G.) - 495009, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Sanmati K. Jain,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, (C.G.) - 495009, India.

Sweety Lanjhiyana,
School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur, (C.G.) - 495001, India.

A. C. Rana,
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V4/article/view/7511

A Mechanistic Insight into Superoxide Elimination by Mesalazine through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer | Chapter 2 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 This study elucidates a molecular understanding of how 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid eliminates the superoxide radical anion (O2•) (mesalazine, 5-ASA). Using cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations supplemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the removal of O2• by 5-ASA, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-ASA), and related drugs used for ulcerative colitis treatment was examined. The chemicals altered the quasi-reversible O2/O2• redox, implying that an acid–base reaction occurs in which a hydroperoxyl radical (HO2•) is generated from O2•. The deprotonated 5-ASA anion, on the other hand, can remove O2• via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), resulting in a radical product. ESR research verified this electron transfer (ET). The PCET, which involves two proton transfers and one ET based on -conjugation, is aided by the 4-aminophenol moiety in 5-ASA. After deprotonation of the 1-carboxyl group, O2• removal by 5-ASA occurs efficiently through the PCET mechanism, according to electrochemical and DFT studies. Through PCET-based O2• removal, 5-ASA may operate as an anti-inflammatory drug in the alkali gut.

Author(S) Details

Tatsushi Nakayama
Department of Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Ryo Honda
United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V5/article/view/4929

Metformin as an Adjuvant Therapy Attenuates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-induced Acute Colitis in Rats: A Recent Study | Chapter 3 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The goal of this study is to see if patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are resistant to routine treatment. Immunosuppressive medications like sirolimus (SIR) and tacrolimus (TAC) have been proven to work. However, they have adverse effects that limit their use. Metformin (MET) is an anti-diabetic drug. medication, having anti-inflammatory properties that are promising. As a result, the goal of this research was to confirm the effect of the In the treatment of experimentally produced pain, concurrent administration of MET with SIR or TAC colitis is a disease that affects the digestive system. The Dextran sulphate (DSS) induced colitis model was used in this study.

Methodology: For 9 days, colitis was induced by giving 5 percent DSS in water twice a day via oral gavage. MET 200 mg/kg can be used alone or in conjunction with SIR. On day 7, 1 mg/kg or TAC 1 mg/kg was begun and continued for a total of 12 days. After that, histological and immunohistochemical staining of distal colon tissues was performed. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17A were then evaluated in tissue homogenates. The effects of DSS and the levels of all proinflammatory cytokines were dramatically reduced by MET, SIR, or TAC. Furthermore, MET enhances the effects of SIR and TAC.

Conclusion: When it came to DSS-induced colitis, MET exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, it could be a viable adjuvant therapy for IBD management. Inhibition of NF-B activation was one of the mechanisms behind the impact. This study can be utilized as a foundation for pilot clinical trials to examine the effect of MET on IBD, given the size of its efficacy and its safety profile. The findings of this study, however, need to be further confirmed and translated into clinical consequences.

Author (s) Details

Rania M. Magadmi
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Fahad H. Aljahdali
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Compliance Management at Directorate of Health Affairs in Jeddah City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Mustafa Alsawy
Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Ahmed S. Ali
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt.

Fatemah O. Kamel
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1146

Highlights on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Rare or under Diagnosed Disease in Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 4

Six Nigerians, consisting of 5 females and 1 male with confirmed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were recruited from a tertiary institution and two private hospitals in Lagos into this study from January 2001 to January 2014. Their ages at the time of first visit ranged from 27 to 65 years. They all had repeated bouts of bloody mucoid stools and abdominal pain plus or minus tenesmus requiring admission and fluid replacement. One of the cases even showed a total reversal of barium enema findings after the follow up treatment of oral sulphasalazine and prednisolone given. The four females and the male have remained relatively symptom free up to the time of their last visit in the follow up clinic, while one of the females was lost to follow up. This is a prospective case series that highlights the need for a high index of suspicion to make a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in an environment where the reported incidence is low. Its diagnosis requires a team approach between the gastroenterological surgeon, radiologist, gastroenterologist Physician and a sub-specialized pathologist. 

Author(s) Details

 Mobolaji Oludara
Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria and Department of Surgery, Formerly Chief Consultant Surgeon, Eko Hospital Lagos, Nigeria.

Rachael Akinola
Department of Radiology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Abiodun Popoola
Department of Radiology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Samira Makanjuola
Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/212