Silicon-carbon paste electrode interface in contact with redox indigo carmine for electrochemical sensor application | chapter 6 | chemical and materials sciences: research findings vol. 5

 

Cyclic voltammetry characterisation of the silicon-carbon paste electrode interface in contact with indigo carmine (5, 5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt) showed 3 redox peaks in acidic medium at ph =3. These are the indigo carmine (ic) /leucoindigo carmine (lic) pair and that of dehydroindigo carmine (dhic). These peaks appear at the respective potentials ic (- 0.05v), lic (- 0.1 v) and dhic (0.5 v). In basic medium, only one peak appears, that of dehydroindigo carmine at the potential 0.69 v vs ag/ agcl / kclsat. Dehydroindigo carmine obtained in a basic medium is adsorbed on the surface of the working electrode. It has in its chemical structure the carbonyl group capable of complexing mercury. During these redox reactions, there is a transfer of two protons, h+, and two electrons. These redox reactions take place at the surface of the working electrode containing the active sites, thanks to the transport of matter by diffusion and adsorption. Each redox peak has an electrochemical impedance consisting of the resistance of the electrolyte, the electrochemical double layer capacity, the charge transfer resistance and the warburg impedance. Their study allows the equivalent electrical circuit of the interface to be produced.

 

Author(s) details

 

Seiny Roger N'dri
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

Mariame Coulibaly
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

N'guessan Alfred Yao
Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Higher Normal School of Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v5/6455z

Prosthodontics: Technical Approaches to the Fabrication and Cementation of IPS Empress II e Max Porcelain Veneers, Bridges and Onlays | Book Publisher International

The tooth functions as a complex organ with distinct anatomical, physiological, and functional characteristics, making it vulnerable to various pathologies influenced by the oral environment, particularly due to bacterial colonization. In prosthodontics, lithium disilicate ceramics, specifically IPS Empress II e max, provide high-strength, aesthetic options for restorative treatments. This book systematically examines the process of selecting an optimal cement, adhering to manufacturer-recommended cementation protocols, and evaluates materials through comprehensive research methodologies. The findings offer evidence-based insights for clinicians engaged in aesthetic dentistry, facilitating informed decision-making. All materials and methods were tested on human natural teeth without caries or necrosis, the closest it could be to an in-vivo method. Furthermore, the book addresses the clinical considerations surrounding cemented versus screw-retained restorations in implant prosthodontics. The final section includes detailed case studies that illustrate strategies for smile rehabilitation and minimally invasive approaches, providing practical guidance for daily clinical applications. Scientists can find a path of the Philosophy about how we deal with Smile Rehabilitation and a minimally invasive approach to a daily clinical problem for our patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Evangelos V. Gkogkas
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-18-1

Electromagnetic Radiation Effects of Radio Frequency Source on the Human Body | Chapter 12 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 

The current investigation confirms that energy lost in the human skull varies with both the distance between the head and the electromagnetic source and with changes in the properties of the surrounding medium. Mobile phone usage is increasing rapidly. Our concern is the electromagnetic field coupling between the biological tissue and the radio frequency power source (human head). This issue was solved using a system of equations and a finite element formulation that was combined with a boundary integral formulation that was used with the system. An integral formulation based on the boundary integral approach may be used to determine the electromagnetic field at any location of the inner medium and the surface. With the help of this technique, we are able to determine the RF energy at each location within the inner medium (the human head), based on the specifications of the outside medium, and select the ideal material for the implementation of the interface. The study of the open field problem is made possible by the accurate modelling of electromagnetic wave propagation in the dielectric medium and the application of the absorbing condition.

Author(s) Details:

Bouali Lazhar,

Laboratoire de Recherche en Eléctrotechnique, Département Electrotechnique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 Rue des Frères OUDEK H. Badi BP 182, 16200 El Harrach Alger, Algérie.

Djennah Mohammed,

Laboratoire de Recherche en Eléctrotechnique, Département Electrotechnique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 Rue des Frères OUDEK H. Badi BP 182, 16200 El Harrach Alger, Algérie.

Tahmi Redouane,

Laboratoire de Recherche en Eléctrotechnique, Département Electrotechnique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 Rue des Frères OUDEK H. Badi BP 182, 16200 El Harrach Alger, Algérie.

Zahraoui Mahrez,

Laboratoire de Recherche en Eléctrotechnique, Département Electrotechnique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, 10 Rue des Frères OUDEK H. Badi BP 182, 16200 El Harrach Alger, Algérie.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V4/article/view/7317

Interface Behavior under First Phase Transition: A Qualitative Analysis | Chapter 07 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 1

 The stability of the stationary regime of directed crystallisation is examined qualitatively. At the interface, non-equilibrium boundary conditions are used, which means that the interface temperature is not equal to the phase transition's equilibrium temperature. Both a change in the equilibrium temperature of a phase transition during crystallisation and a change in the interface temperature affect the stability of the interface in this scenario. The regional distribution of temperature over the phases is not taken into account in this study. Stability is reduced to the analysis of a system having dispersed parameters, with the linear oscillator equation describing the interaction between them. It is demonstrated that the stationary movement of the flat contact can be unstable under a number of scenarios. Interface instability in the asymptotic scenario of quasi-equilibrium issue formulation fundamentally differs from interface instability in the case of non-equilibrium problem formulation, even in such a schematic description.

Author(S) Details

Alex Guskov
Institute of Solid State Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V1/article/view/6468

Ionic Solids: Introduction, General Aspects | Book Publisher International

 The introduction of ionic solids is covered in this book. In both basic research and possible applications, solid-state transport phenomena are of equal relevance. Because of its appealing electric-power applications, ionic solids have attracted a lot of attention. In many solid-state processes, ionic conduction is a crucial step. Microstructure and physical characteristics of ionic conductors vary. There are four forms of solid ionic conductors: open channel architectures, amorphous-glassy electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and composite electrolytes. Each has critical applications that demand various fabrication techniques.

Author(S) Details

Mora Veera Madhava Rao
Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ISIGA/article/view/3907