An Introduction to Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) Process and Its Research Potentials | Chapter 1 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 5

To machine "difficult-to-cut" materials including ceramics, glass, and silicon wafers, a hybrid and widely recognized process known as electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is used. It employs the working principle of electrochemical machining (ECM) and electric-discharge machining (EDM) processes to remove the material by combining chemical etching with thermal melting. The materials machined using ECDM exhibits enormous implementations in the field of MEMS and lab-on-chip. Different facets of the ECDM process have been researched in an effort to escalate its effectiveness ever since it was originally shown. The present chapter discusses the critical research potentials of the ECDM process that was documented in the past decades. Additionally, it covers the impact of several input process factors, including electrical, electrolyte, and tool electrode, on ECDM performance. A summarized report on ECDM hybridization, and variants are also given in a lucid manner. It also identifies future directions that might enhance the ECDM process's overall machining performance. It is concluded that with the help of gas film dynamics controlled by variables such as electrolyte characteristics and tool motions, ECDM can machine non-conductive materials with precision. Pulsed voltage, suggested electrolytes (NaOH, KOH), and regulated tool properties (material, shape, and rotation) are important factors. Spherical tool electrodes help minimize overcut and taper comparative to other tools while machining depth and geometrical accuracies can be further improved by implementing hybridization such as magnetic assistance & ultrasonic assistance.

Author(s) Details:

Sahil Grover,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Viveksheel Rajput,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Vikas Yadav,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Sanjay Kumar Mangal,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Sarbjit Singh,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Sanjeev Kumar,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V5/article/view/13292

Study of Solution by Excess Thermodynamic Functions | Chapter 5 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 The study of various types of solutions by the principles of excess thermodynamic functions is very main to understand the interaction patterns betwixt molecules and ions in the solutions.Namely by using ultrasonic waves, dipole importance,  density, refractive index, stickiness, deviation in viscosity, surplus free energy, surface tension to decide the thermodynamic functions and its excess as glut internal pressure, audile impedance and its overkill, rigid sphere width, internal pressure, excess surface strain, dimensionless surface tension and allure excess, the change of entropy accompanying pressure and excess volume, growth coefficient, relative change in volume too polarizability, solvated radii and vapor chromatography and Rayleigh scattering.

Author(s) Details:

Farid Mohamed Mahmoud Farag,
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V5/article/view/12912

Investigating the Cutting Mechanics in 2 Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling towards Chip Thickness and Chip Formation | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 15

 To produce the desired result, a high-quality and precise machine and tool component is required. It is critical to discover the optimal option for manufacturing in a shop floor machine factory, taking into account tool condition, tool failure, thermal softening, and surface polish, among other factors. The goal of this research is to look at the impacts of two-dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Milling (UVAM) cutting mechanics on chip thickness and tool path trajectory. The trajectory of the tool locus into the workpiece during machining is taken into account in the theoretical modelling of cutting mechanics. The major advantages of VAM, according to the studies, stem from the intermittent tool tip interaction phenomenon between the cutting tool and the workpiece. Vibration assisted milling in two dimensions can reduce thinning chip thickness formations, which can be identified as a benefit. The effect of the tool entering and disengaging from the workpiece was revealed to be the main cause of cutting force reduction, temperature reduction, extended tool life, discontinuous, thinning, and improvements in chip formation, as well as improving surface roughness.

Author (S) Details

I. Rasidi I.
Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia.

N. H. Rafai
Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia.

E. A. Rahim
Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia.

S. A. Kamaruddin
Faculty of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia.

H. Ding
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

K. Cheng
Advance Manufacturing Engineering Enterprise, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, West London UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V15/article/view/1737

Assisted Pretreatment Agents Enhancing Yield of Organic Degradation and Biogas Recovery | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 2

 Anaerobic digestion is a well-known process with a low energy requirement that is technologically easy and can be used to transform organic materials into methane from many forms of waste water, solid waste, and biomass. The effects of pretreatments for ultrasound and ozonation on organic solubilization, anaerobic biodegradability and production of biogas were elucidated in this report. The subject for comparison was two pretreatment techniques for batch anaerobic digestion for biogas recovery with the same content and experimental circumstances. At ambient temperature, anaerobic digestion experiments were performed with the solid retention time set at 25 days. The results obtained suggested that the demand for soluble chemical oxygen increased from 0.344 without pretreatment to 1.023 and 1.228 g/L with ultrasound and ozone pretreatment, respectively, whereas the biogas output yields increased by 32.3 percent and 52.9 percent over the 25 days with ultrasonic irradiation and ozonation, respectively, compared to the control case. In the case of ultrasound, ozone pretreatment, and control, the biodegradability of the organic compounds of the samples reached 55.9, 64.31, and 39.18 percent respectively, in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. The physicochemical characteristics of sludge flocs were studied by means of particle size scanning, which was clearly influenced by sonic and ozonate pretreatment, resulting in finer particles than in the control case. The results of this study showed that the soluble COD and ultimate yield of ozone pretreatment biogas were higher than those of pretreatment and control ultrasonics.

Author(s) Details

Manh Van Do

Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Bui Quang Minh

Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Quoc Toan Tran

Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/320