Estimating the Potential of Electricity Production from the Biogas Using Dairy Cattle’s Manure in Three Provinces of Indonesia | Chapter 12 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 5

 Animals raised on a farm manure emits nitrous oxides (N2O) and poison gas (CH4). The well manure administration system will reduce the gift of greenhouse gas issuances to the atmosphere. Biogas is one of the fertilizer management wholes that can produce CH4 gas and be used for energy from undepletable source. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of biogas released from the manure of buttery cattle in bearing electricity. The study used a succession of dairy cattle populace (2018-2021) in three provinces, namely West Hot beverage made from beans of a tree, Central Java, and Oriental Java. Variables used in the estimation were the potential of residential implemented biogas as energy from undepletable source, the total dairy herd used to provide electricity for dwellings in a year (AU/Residential), and power used in a day per dwellings (kWH), and the amount of electricity delivered per residential (GWh/year). The results expressed that biogas as renewable energy could determine electricity for about 34.09-35.91, 40.75-48.31, 92.81-98.92, and 152.83-162.38 dwellings in West, Central, and East Hot beverage made from beans of a tree, as well as Indonesia. The average electricity use in a day was 3767.56-3596.42; 3194.32-3482.53; 3491.43-3716.58; and 4047.20-4198.01 kWh in West, Central and Oriental Java, in addition to in Indonesia. Using 2.49-2.62, 2.12-2.31, 2.31-2.46, and 2.68-2.78 AU of dairy oxen/residential kept in West, Main, and East Java observed in West, Central, and Oriental Java can provide about 96.92% of power produced nationally from creamery cattle's fertilizer.

Author(s) Details:

Agustin Herliatika,
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

Yeni Widiawati,
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

Hadriana Bansi,
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

Firsoni,
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V5/article/view/12717

Anaerobic Co-digestion of Cattle Manure and Wheat Straw Mixture in Liquid State - Optimization of Mix Ratio | Chapter 7 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 This study proposed at optimization of cattle fertilizer (CM) and wheat hay mix (WS) ratio for best biogas production. Anaerobic co-digesting study performed on CM and WS at 5% total solids in mesophilic hotness. Anaerobic digestion has happened traditionally used as an persuasive, environmentally sustainable and inexpensive technology for the biological situation of sewage mud, which enables strength production as heat, power, and/or vehicle fuel, and for the stabilization of book reduction of mud. Wheat straw (WS) as agriculture silt and cattle fertilizer (CM) were collected from the local dairy farms familiar the National Institute of Technology Patna. Biogas was collected utilizing water displacement method. The book of displaced water was famous down on a daily base as it is equal to the biogas result from each reactor. CM and WS assorted on the basis of total continuous in six ratios, namely, 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100. The topmost biogas production of 170.89 mL/g-vsadded noticed in the reactor fed accompanying 100% CM (100:0). A considerable amount of biogas calculated up to 60:40 mix percentage (CM:WS). With the increase in proportion of WS in the join, biogas production decreased. Reactor security in terms of pH and changeable fatty acids also diminished with increase in the percentage of WS. The last three mix ratios revealed low biogas result due to the less methanogenic activity led to by the reduced pH. The modified Gompertz model is able to measure the maximum biogas production, biogas result rate, and lag phase. While the staying two models are useful in determining the hydrolysis rate constant. To forecast total biogas production, three energetic models—the modified Gompertz model, tumor, and monod—were used. Modified Gompertz identified best choice model among these.

Author(s) Details:

Guvvala Harsha,
Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Patna, 800005, India.

Nityanand Singh Maurya,
Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Patna, 800005, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V3/article/view/11026

The Production of Biogas from Cow Dung | Book Publisher International

Energy is defined as capacity for doing work.It exists in many forms mechanical, electrical, light, heat/thermal among others. Heat can do work, as when the expanding steam in a steam engine or  the expanding gases in an automobile engine  move the piston. Heat energy is also indispensable in our homes, industries, laboratories for many purposes.

At home cooking is an important activities all engaged in. we achieve this from different means including electicity and fossil fuel – use of charcoal, gas, kerosene. If we look critically of the fossil fuesl sources of the energy generated, they have been having negative effect on the environment copled with the the fact that the rise in the price of these fossil fuel is becoming worrisome.

The recent quest for alternatie sources of energy for domestic and industrial use, using the vast biomass, especially plant and animal waste needs serious attention. It is imperative that these organic waste are utilized to meet energy demand in devoid of negative environmental consequenses and at cheaper rate.  This is what motivated the coming up with fabrication of digester that under the influence of anaerobic bacteria degrade abundant cow dung that is constituting pollution in our environment into constituent molecules, methane gas, as iconstucted close to a laboratory of Science Laboratory Technology deparment of the Polytechnic Bali, Taraba state Nigeria.

This book is simply presenting basic ideas of how construction of biogas system was made for the use of the laboratory and which can also be used as domestic iogas as a sorce of energy for heating, cooking when the gas cylinder was connected to  bursen burner to produce flame accompanied with heat based on the prevailing weather.

This is the preliminary work and it is hoped that further study and activities woud be conducted on the biogas system as recommended in this book to enhance knowledge and skills needed for its improvement for the benefits of students, Scientists, Technologists and humanity generally.

Author(s) Details:

Lamidi, Tajudeen Babatunde,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Ishaya, Ishaku Tilli,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Oliver, Peace Mbini,
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TPBCD/issue/view/884

Factors Influencing the Potential of Biogas usage in Thyolo District, Malawi | Chapter 07 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 3

 Because alternate fuel sources are underdeveloped in poor nations, most households utilise firewood or charcoal as their major source of cooking and heating. The goal of this research is to look into the aspects that influence biogas energy's potential as an alternative energy source. The study used a mixed method research design to see if political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors influence the usage of biogas as a renewable energy source in one of Malawi's southern regions. The results revealed that biogas has a considerably high potential (p0.05) for use, with over 66 percent. The findings also revealed that social, cultural, political, economic, and technological factors had no significant impact on the area's usage of biogas as an energy source (p>0.05). However, the study found that additional factors such as the failure of existing digesters, high initial investment costs, and a lack of awareness of biogas technology all had an impact on the area's biogas potential. As a result, education and awareness campaigns should be expanded in order to educate communities about biogas technology, its benefits, and how to repair non-functioning digesters. More research is also suggested to determine the degree of technical skills and non-functioning digesters in the area.

Author(S) Details

Trezar Marie Mnenula
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, The Catholic University of Malawi, Malawi.

Maureen Kapute Mzuza
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, The Catholic University of Malawi, Malawi.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V3/article/view/6510

Effects of Platinum and Palladium Metals on Ni/ Mg1−xCex 4+O Catalysts in the CO2 Reforming of Methane | Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 7

 Catalysts Ni/Mg1−xCex4+O and Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg1−xCex4+O were developed using the co-precipitation–impregnation methods. Catalyst characterization took place using XRD, H2-TPR, XRF, XPS, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), TGA, TEM, and FE-SEM. Testing the catalysts for the dry reforming of CH4 took place at temperatures of 700–900°C. Findings from this study revealed a higher CH4 and CO2 conversion using the tri-metallic Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg1−xCex4+O catalyst in comparison with Ni monometallic systems in the whole temperature ranges. The catalyst Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg0.85Ce4+0.15O also reported an elevated activity level (CH4; 78%, and CO2; 90%) and outstanding stability. Following 200 hours under an oxygen stream, carbon deposition on used catalysts was investigated using TEM and temperature programmed oxidation-mass spectroscopy (TPO-MS). The findings of the TEM and TPO-MS analyses revealed that the decreased catalyst had improved anti-coking activity and a lower concentration of platinum and palladium metals. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of reactant feed ratio, catalyst concentration, prepared catalyst conversion temperature, catalyst efficacy in the DRM process, and the enhancement of methane conversion by passing oxygen gas stream across the reaction.

Author (s) Details

Faris A. J. Al-Doghachi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.

Ali F. A. Jassim
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor 40000, Malaysia.


Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor 40000, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V7/article/view/5168

A Brief Study on Potentiality of Fruit and Vegetable Waste by Anaerobic Co-digestion with Municipal Sewage Sludge and Biogas Yield | Chapter 10 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 3

 Co-digestion, which employs anaerobic digestion to treat two or more organic biodegradable waste streams, has a lot of promise for proper solid waste disposal. The anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and municipal sewage sludge (MSS) under mesophilic conditions was investigated and compared to separate digestion of the substrates. The continuous investigations were carried out at a 1.5 g VS/l.day organic loading rate and a 20-day HRT. It was discovered that FVW performed better than MSS. FVW addition, on the other hand, improved process stability by lowering the Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) / Total Alkalinity (TA) ratio and increasing gas generation yield with its co-substrates. The specific gas production values for three reactors were: I 0.49 l/g VSin & 1.0 l/g VSdes for FVW, (ii) 0.261 l/g VSin & 0.643 l/g VSdes for MSS, and (iii) 0.613 l/g VSin & 1.078 l/g VSdes for FVW and MSS co- digesting. It has been established that co-digestion produces greater biogas. In terms of gas generation, reactor stability in co-digestion substrates, and buffering capacity, anaerobic co-digestion of FVW and MSS worked well. The anaerobic co-digestion of MSS and FVW is shown to be an appealing solution for environmental conservation and energy savings.

Author (S) Details 

S. Anhuradha

Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Arrrivukkarasan

Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V3/article/view/4136

Assisted Pretreatment Agents Enhancing Yield of Organic Degradation and Biogas Recovery | Chapter 10 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 2

 Anaerobic digestion is a well-known process with a low energy requirement that is technologically easy and can be used to transform organic materials into methane from many forms of waste water, solid waste, and biomass. The effects of pretreatments for ultrasound and ozonation on organic solubilization, anaerobic biodegradability and production of biogas were elucidated in this report. The subject for comparison was two pretreatment techniques for batch anaerobic digestion for biogas recovery with the same content and experimental circumstances. At ambient temperature, anaerobic digestion experiments were performed with the solid retention time set at 25 days. The results obtained suggested that the demand for soluble chemical oxygen increased from 0.344 without pretreatment to 1.023 and 1.228 g/L with ultrasound and ozone pretreatment, respectively, whereas the biogas output yields increased by 32.3 percent and 52.9 percent over the 25 days with ultrasonic irradiation and ozonation, respectively, compared to the control case. In the case of ultrasound, ozone pretreatment, and control, the biodegradability of the organic compounds of the samples reached 55.9, 64.31, and 39.18 percent respectively, in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. The physicochemical characteristics of sludge flocs were studied by means of particle size scanning, which was clearly influenced by sonic and ozonate pretreatment, resulting in finer particles than in the control case. The results of this study showed that the soluble COD and ultimate yield of ozone pretreatment biogas were higher than those of pretreatment and control ultrasonics.

Author(s) Details

Manh Van Do

Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Bui Quang Minh

Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Quoc Toan Tran

Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/320

A Comprehensive Study on Integrated Optimization Design of Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Coupled with Solar and Biomass Energy | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.5

 This study introduces an integrated hybrid cooling, heating and power (RES-CCHP) system for renewable energy sources, powered by a biogas-fueled internal combustion engine ( ICE) and photovoltaic ( PV) panels, distinct from the conventional CCHP system for natural gas. Renewable energy sources (RES) exploration is an important way of resolving the energy and environmental crisis, which has become one of the key tasks and strategic topics of the national economy's growth. Coupled with solar energy and biomass energy, combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems can meet the needs of island or rural decentralised and small-scale integrated energy uses, which have become more and more common in recent years. The conventional optimization design approach is no longer valid due to solar energy fluctuations and the limitation of the output of biomass gas. To enhance the system 's energy, economic and environmental efficiency, As optimization variables are proposed, an integrated design approach with renewable energy ability, power equipment ability and main operating parameters is proposed. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed RES-CCHP system structure and the corresponding optimal design process, a case study of a small farm in Jinan, China is also performed. The findings show that it is energy-efficient, economical and environmentally-friendly to incorporate the optimal design. The primary energy saving ratio, gross annual cost saving rate and reduction ratio of carbon emissions are 20.94 percent, 11.73 percent and 40.79 percent , respectively. Lastly, the effect on the optimization process of the instability of renewable energy sources is analysed, which shows that the RES-CCHP system and the process proposed They're durable. By means of the optimization design proposed in this report, the RES-CCHP system will effectively stabilise the randomness and instability of solar energy and biomass energy. It can greatly increase energy efficiency and the rate of utilisation of solar and biomass energy and is ideal for supplying a decentralised rural area with energy.

Author (s) Details

Lizhi Zhang
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Fan Li
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Bo Sun
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Chenghui Zhang
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/273

Study on Basic Parameters during Anaerobic Degradation of Raw Coconut Waste | Chapter 13 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.1

Disposal of coconut coir waste has been a difficult task for the coir industry. Coir pith is being piled up in the outskirts of the coir industry. A solution to the coir pith disposal is the biogas production from it. Raw coir pith without any treatment was tested for its potential to produce biogas. There was very little biogas generated from raw coir pith. Due to the constraints of high electrical conductivity and high lignin content, direct anaerobic treatment of raw coir pith cannot be an efficient solution. Treatment of coir pith is required for increasing the quantity of biogas produced. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Priya V
Department of Civil Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, India.

Dr. M. C. Sampath Kumar 
Department of Civil Engineering, BMS College of Engineering, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/205

Commercial Biogas Production from Domestic Solid Waste | Chapter 8 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

This chapter presents a study on the investigation of the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feedstock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste in the metropolis. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358 kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.5% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281 kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of about 305.1 tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91 m3 of biogas per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 26 thousand families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilized to generate about 49.0MW of electricity per day.

Author (s) Detail

E. P. Akhator
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

D. I. Igbinomwanhia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

A. I. Obanor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

View Book: - http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/170