Preparation of Mn (1%) added MgCuZn Ferrites and Their Electrical Properties: A Study Based on Conventional Solid-State Reaction Method | Chapter 2 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 Ferrites are main magnetic materials secondhand in electronic maneuvers. Nanocomposites of ferrites with TiO2, SiO2 and carbon quantity dots have gained recent interest on account of their unique benefits, such as high synthetic stability, surface-active sites, extreme specific surface extent, non-toxicity, excellent optical features, and tunable porosity. By using traditional complete-state synthesis, polycrystalline samples of ferrites accompanying Mn (1% added) and Mg, Cu, and Zn have been built.  Samples have been field emission leafing through electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and radioactivity diffraction (XRD) characterized afterwards being sintered at various temperatures betwixt 975°C and 1175°C for 10 hours. All samples are single aspect with spinel structure, in accordance with the XRD data. Lattice constant increases marginally with increase in sintering hotness.  Bulk density and grain magnitude increase with increase in sintering temperature, from 4.61 g/cm3 and 2.2 µm at 975°C to 4.99 g/cm3 and 8.8 µm at 1175°C. DC energetic resistivity decreases and dielectric constant and initial permeability increase accompanying an increase in sintering temperature. These results imply that sintering temperature has a prominent effect on the energetic properties.

Author(s) Details:

Katravath Gopal,
Department of Physics, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana-509001, India.

Ankam Bhaskar,
Department of Physics, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, Telangana-509001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V7/article/view/12199

Studies on the Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited ZnO-Y2O3 (YZO) Thin Films for Application as TCO Layer in Solar Cells| Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 ZnO is typically an n-type semiconductor with the expansive direct band gap of 3.37 eV and the material is naturally plentiful in the earth’s crust. Owing to allure low toxicity ZnO finds request in devices like cosmic cells, flat panel displays and thin film transistors. It is a important wide bandgap material accompanying appreciable transparence which is widely handled in transparent conducting group of chemical elements layer requests. However, metal sedating on ZnO reports was extensively investigated for bringing into harmony the electrical features. This article is met on pulsed ray of light deposition of ZnO-Y2O3 (YZO) thin films with differing concentrations of Y2O3 (0-5%) as a dopant in ZnO. X-ray diffraction range of the YZO thin films exhibits the presence of having six of something wurtzite structure with a favored orientation near the (002) plane. Morphology aspects of the film accept with XRD results that shows a uniform distribution till 2 wt% and resulted ingrain growth accompanying increasing wt% of Y2O3. The influence of Y2O3 aggregation on the optical travel of ZnO is investigated by UV- Vis spectroscopy. The electrical resistivity of the located films is in the order ∼10-4 that was on par with the former reports suitable for TCO applications.

Author(s) Details:

A. Youvanidha,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

B. Vidhya,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India and Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

P. Issac Nelson,
Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

R. Rathes Kannan,
Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

S. K. Suresh Babu,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V3/article/view/8587

Study on Relationship of the Resistivity with Specific Heat | Chapter 11 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The link between resistivity and specific heat is investigated. It is well known that when a conductor's temperature rises, its resistance rises as well. Because a material's specific heat is a function of temperature, we estimated the resistivity based on the specific heat and temperature change.

A conductor's resistivity is determined as a function of specific heat, whereas its resistance is determined as a function of mass, temperature, and specific heat, and the electric field is determined as a function of specific heat.

Author(S) Details

Alfredo Olmos Hernández
College of Bachelors of the State of Hidalgo, Academic Area of Natural Sciences, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.

Reyna Romyna Olmos Hernández
College of Bachelors of the State of Hidalgo, Academic Area of Natural Sciences, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V8/article/view/5805

Impacts of Pollution: Leaking Septic Tanks on Groundwater Quality in Owerri Southeastern, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of leaking septic tanks on groundwater quality in Owerri Municipal. The study was conducted at the Department of Geosciences at the Federal University of Technology Owerri and the Department of Chemistry at the Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, from January 2013 to May 2014.

Methodology: Chemical and geophysical analyses were used to conduct geophysical and geochemical analyses. Longitudes 6o59'E to 7o06'E and Latitudes 5o33'N define Owerri Municipal. It is located in the sands of the coastal plains. The quality of groundwater was determined by collecting samples from three different locations, Amakohia, Naze, and Nekede, and performing physiochemical analyses on each to determine the nature of dissolved substances in the groundwater. The samples' physiochemical parameters, such as bulk density, porosity, and permeability, were also determined. The vertical electrical sounding method was used to obtain a description of the lithology and aquifer parameters. The sample density ranged from 1.49 to 1.98 mg/L, the porosity values ranged from 0.20 to 0.38, and the permeability ranged from 0.053 mg/L to 2.49 mg/L. The chemical analysis revealed that some heavy metals had concentrations that exceeded WHO standards. Iron ranges from 18.6 to 63.9 mg/L, nickel is 7.5 mg/L, and manganese is 0.46 mg/L. The topsoil resistivity ranges from 618 m to 3800 m. A layer of low resistivity indicating clay and clayey sand extends to 60 m at Naze, 60 m at Nekede, and 50 m at Amakohia, with an average resistivity range of 7500 m. Beyond these depths, resistivity is high, with an average depth of 3500 m. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the subsurface is permeable, implying that traces of heavy metals present in the samples are contained in leachets from surrounding environments, such as septic tanks or industrial activities on the surface. Groundwater quality in this environment can be improved by recommending boreholes drilled from 70 m, where leachet permeability is negligible. The high concentration of some heavy metals is suspected to be present in the leachets, which could have infiltrated the environment as a result of human deposits and industrial activities.

Author (s) Details

V. N. Nwugha
Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526 Owerri, Imo State Nigeria and Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

P. I. Okeke
Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

U. R. Emeronye
Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V5/article/view/1617

Developing Resistivity Contouring and Plume Mapping of Landfill Leachate Using Electrical Resistivity Method in Warri Metropolis | Chapter 4 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The movement of municipal solid waste landfill leachate at the Niger-Cat, Donparkar, and Orhuwhorun dump sites in Warri Metropolis, Southern Nigeria, was studied using the electrical resistivity technique. Landfilling is still the most cost-effective and widely used method of disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW) in both developed and developing countries. Schlumberger array setup was used for both Electrical Resistivity Profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). The software packages Surfer 10 and ArcGIS 10.3 were used to interpret resistivity profiling data and make apparent resistivity contour maps of study sites, while the VES data was interpreted using the IPI2Win software package. This computer programme computed the true layer parameters of the geo-electric section by automatically generating model curves using initial layer parameters (resistivity and thickness) obtained from partial curve matching of the field curves with standard curves. The findings showed that leachate had migrated from the dump into the surrounding soil at the Niger-Cat dump site, and contamination had progressed up to a depth of 19.12m, which is within the area's local groundwater system. The findings from the Don-Parkar dump site showed that leachate had migrated into the surrounding soil around the edges of the dump site, and contamination had progressed to a depth of more than 20.7 metres. The resistivity contour map at the Orhuwhorun dump site revealed leachate migration to the south of the dump; however, VES findings showed no contamination, indicating that groundwater in the area is currently safe. Waste managers must use engineered sanitary landfills to dispose of solid waste, and government policy should address this issue to help protect the area's groundwater resources.

Author (s) Details

Mamuyovwi Odia
Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Ify L. Nwaogazie
Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Gregory O. Avwiri
Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Eunice O. Nwachukwu
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V6/article/view/170

A Geoelectrical Investigation of Groundwater Potentials in Dorowa and Its Environs, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria: Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives to Environment and Climate Change Vol. 4

 

A geoelectrical investigation for potable groundwater potentials in Dorowa and its environs, Plateau
State, North Central Nigeria has been carried out. The area is part of Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite
Complex and is underlain by seven main rock types namely: Vom Microgranite (Vm), Rayfield Gona
Biotite Granite (RGB), Ngell Biotite Granite (NGB), Vom Hornblende Biotite Granite (VHB), Shen
Hornblende – Fayalite Granite (SHF), Porphyritic Biotite Granite (PBG) and Jos Biotite Granite (JBG).
Interpretation of field structures and GIS data reveal lineaments trending NW-SE and NE-SW. Vertical
electrical soundings conducted within Ngell biotite granite reveals that the area is underlain by three
geoelectric layers. The top layer is mainly made up of laterite at depth between 0 - 5 m with resistivity
values ranging from 79 – 202 Ωm, the second layer is made up of weathered granite at depth
between 3 – 16 m with resistivity between 46 - 396 Ωm and the third layer is made up of slightly
weathered to fresh granite at depths greater than 4 m with resistivity greater than 113 Ωm. The zones
of medium groundwater potential vary from 15 -16 m. Weathering depth in areas of fair water
potentials varies from 13 m – 14 m with the best water potentials on VES 10 and VES 6. Zones of low
groundwater potentials cover most part of the study area at depth less than 12 m.

Author(s) Details
 
M. O. Lekdukun
Department of Earth Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.

F. A. Akpah
Department of Earth Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria.

F. X. O. Ugodulunwa
Department of Geology and Mining, University of Jos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/247