In vivo and In vitro Oxidative Stress Studies of Membrane Alterations (Fluidity and Permeability) in Mammalian Red Blood Cells |Chapter 10 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of vitamin E and polyphenols (red wine polyphenols, resveratrol, and catechin) on fluidity (fluorescence anisotropy) and anion permeability for chloride of membrane on mammalian erythrocytes respectively exposed to the water-soluble free radical initiator 2.2’-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride (AAPH) and trained horses.

 

Methods: The animals were ten Arabian strain horses, 6-8 years old, trained for Cross country, and six horses at rest. Membranes are tested for diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy in red blood cell membranes by Perrin plot.

 

The reducing agent treatment efficacy was observed by the evaluation of anion permeability for chloride in red blood cells (RBCs).

 

Anion permeability for chloride is an indicator of membrane protein damage and is evaluated in RBCs by the specific absorption of methemoglobin (CM) at 590 and 635 nm after treatment of heparinized blood with NaNO2.

 

Results: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations and P > 0.05 by ANOVA.

 

Polyphenol treatment is associated with a significant increase in anion permeability for chloride compared with control and AAPH-affected cells.

 

Discussion: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations.

 

In this study, it is evident that after In vitro oxidative damage of the membrane, red wine polyphenol extracts act as effective reducing agents and also as a CM indicator of membrane protein damage. Consequently, both red wine and polyphenol extracts both alone and mixed among them efficiently relieve the effects of oxidative stress.

 

Author(s) Details

Giuseppe Gallo
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1947

Exploring the Biomedical Significance of Oxidized Phospholipids as Biomarkers, Drug Targets and Drug Leads Across Multiple Diseases | Chapter 11 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

Enzymatic oxidation or autooxidation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) residues within phospholipids in cell membranes or circulating lipoprotein particles leads to the formation of a broad range of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) species. During the last two decades, OxPLs have been extensively characterized as drivers of pathology in multiple inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Chronically elevated OxPL levels present in tissues, circulation, and atherosclerotic plaques are thought to induce or accompany pro-inflammatory and injurious effects on blood-, vessel wall cells as well as cells in different organs, which can lead to the development or worsening of metabolic, cardiovascular diseases, age-associated brain diseases, allergy, asthma, cancer or inflammatory pain. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship however identified specific OxPL products exhibiting prominent anti-inflammatory, pro-survival, and endothelial barrier protective properties. This study reviewed and briefly summarized the rapidly accumulating evidence pointing to the importance of OxPLs in pathology where they can play multiple roles of biomarkers, drug targets, and drug leads.

 

Author (s) Details

Olga V. Oskolkova
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.

 

Anna A. Birukova
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Konstantin G. Birukov
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

 

Valery N. Bochkov
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria and Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v6/1771

A New Constructed, Simple Device to Evaluate the Fabric Structural Parameters on Dust Retention | Chapter 8 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 1

 This item emphasizes the field of Surroundings Protection Science, intending to provide a novel tool that has been created and developed for the purpose of determining filtration efficiency. This calculation is achieved by examining the interaction between the fundamental characteristics of clean fabric fabric, the limits of the dust being filtered, and the determinants involved in the testing process. Structure samples used during the whole of the present study were spun cotton 100%, polyester 100%, and understand/polyester 50/50%. The warp count is 30/2 for all fabric samples, the fiber count is 9/1; 12/1; and 20/1. The weave of silky, basket, and fabric is 3/1 with four various picks/cm to produce the fabrics with the alike cover factor. For dust break-up fabrics range in burden from “300 – 450 g/m2” with an air permeability of “100 - 300 l/d m2•min” at “196.2 Pa” (20 mm WG) as particularized in DIN 53887.Air permeability through structures depends entirely on the sieving portion of the surface of the fabric, that is partly the pores and at least the permeability through the yarns, which are the elementary elements of a fabric. The results accompanied that dust capturing depends completely on air permeability, which is had connection with fabric unite structure and material material at specified testing and weighing variables.

Author(s) Details:

Samia B. Hassan,
Department of Apparel and Textile, Faculty of Science & Art, Al-Baha University-Baljurashi, KSA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V1/article/view/12695

Determining the Contaminants of Dispersion on Groundwater by Landfill Leachate | Chapter 7 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

 This unit aims to study the dispersion of contaminators by leachate, employing statement-dispersion method.  Most of the contaminants occur in character as either point sources or delivered sources. The important potential environmental impacts had connection with landfill leachate are dirtiness of groundwater and surface waters. To date, the percolation of microorganisms and viruses through landfill leachate into the groundwater table poses a potential risk and potential hazards towards all health and the ecosystem. Solute transport in absorbent media is argued by means of advection-dispersal equation. The Beavers-Joseph (BJ) slip border conditions are secondhand at the interface of the absorbent layers. The commanding equations are solved tentatively and the expressions for speed and dispersion are got. The results are presented through graphs.

Author(s) Details:

Senthamilselvi S.,
Department of Mathematics, Vels Institure of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai -600117, India.

Nirmala P. Ratchagar,
Department of Mathematics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V6/article/view/12526

Grain Size and its Influence on Transport Properties of Soils in the Dream Cave, Bantimurung–Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi | Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 8

This study examines how soil transport parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity and water permeability, are affected by grain size in the Dream Cave, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. The soil samples were collected from the Dream Cave along 6 different paths, each of which was 100 metres long and began at the cave's entrance. After being removed from the caverns, soil samples are examined in a lab to ascertain the soil's hydraulic conductivity, permeability, and particle size. According to experimental findings, the soil of South Sulawesi's Dream Cave Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park is made up of soil grains that range in size from dust to very coarse sand and have a diameter of (0.002 - 2.0) mm. The size of the soil's pores has an impact on the soil's water permeability, but so does the texture of the soil. Since sand contains bigger holes that enable the transport of water and other things more quickly, its soil permeability will be greater than that of other textures (such as clay). Because of its clay texture, the soil at Dream Cave has a poor hydraulic conductivity and low permeability.

Author(s) Details:

Muhammad Arsyad,

Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl, Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

. Fatmainnah,

Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl, Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Agus Susanto,

Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl, Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Pariabti Palloan,

Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl, Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V8/article/view/7404

Impacts of Pollution: Leaking Septic Tanks on Groundwater Quality in Owerri Southeastern, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 5

 The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of leaking septic tanks on groundwater quality in Owerri Municipal. The study was conducted at the Department of Geosciences at the Federal University of Technology Owerri and the Department of Chemistry at the Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, from January 2013 to May 2014.

Methodology: Chemical and geophysical analyses were used to conduct geophysical and geochemical analyses. Longitudes 6o59'E to 7o06'E and Latitudes 5o33'N define Owerri Municipal. It is located in the sands of the coastal plains. The quality of groundwater was determined by collecting samples from three different locations, Amakohia, Naze, and Nekede, and performing physiochemical analyses on each to determine the nature of dissolved substances in the groundwater. The samples' physiochemical parameters, such as bulk density, porosity, and permeability, were also determined. The vertical electrical sounding method was used to obtain a description of the lithology and aquifer parameters. The sample density ranged from 1.49 to 1.98 mg/L, the porosity values ranged from 0.20 to 0.38, and the permeability ranged from 0.053 mg/L to 2.49 mg/L. The chemical analysis revealed that some heavy metals had concentrations that exceeded WHO standards. Iron ranges from 18.6 to 63.9 mg/L, nickel is 7.5 mg/L, and manganese is 0.46 mg/L. The topsoil resistivity ranges from 618 m to 3800 m. A layer of low resistivity indicating clay and clayey sand extends to 60 m at Naze, 60 m at Nekede, and 50 m at Amakohia, with an average resistivity range of 7500 m. Beyond these depths, resistivity is high, with an average depth of 3500 m. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the subsurface is permeable, implying that traces of heavy metals present in the samples are contained in leachets from surrounding environments, such as septic tanks or industrial activities on the surface. Groundwater quality in this environment can be improved by recommending boreholes drilled from 70 m, where leachet permeability is negligible. The high concentration of some heavy metals is suspected to be present in the leachets, which could have infiltrated the environment as a result of human deposits and industrial activities.

Author (s) Details

V. N. Nwugha
Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 1526 Owerri, Imo State Nigeria and Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

P. I. Okeke
Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

U. R. Emeronye
Department of Basic Sciences, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 1033 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V5/article/view/1617