Exploring the Biomedical Significance of Oxidized Phospholipids as Biomarkers, Drug Targets and Drug Leads Across Multiple Diseases | Chapter 11 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

Enzymatic oxidation or autooxidation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) residues within phospholipids in cell membranes or circulating lipoprotein particles leads to the formation of a broad range of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) species. During the last two decades, OxPLs have been extensively characterized as drivers of pathology in multiple inflammatory and metabolic conditions. Chronically elevated OxPL levels present in tissues, circulation, and atherosclerotic plaques are thought to induce or accompany pro-inflammatory and injurious effects on blood-, vessel wall cells as well as cells in different organs, which can lead to the development or worsening of metabolic, cardiovascular diseases, age-associated brain diseases, allergy, asthma, cancer or inflammatory pain. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship however identified specific OxPL products exhibiting prominent anti-inflammatory, pro-survival, and endothelial barrier protective properties. This study reviewed and briefly summarized the rapidly accumulating evidence pointing to the importance of OxPLs in pathology where they can play multiple roles of biomarkers, drug targets, and drug leads.

 

Author (s) Details

Olga V. Oskolkova
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria.

 

Anna A. Birukova
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Konstantin G. Birukov
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

 

Valery N. Bochkov
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria and Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v6/1771

A Review on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Animal Models | Chapter 3 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

The present study provides the various methods for insulting ARDS in animal model, along with advantage and disadvantage of each method. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury. There is an immune-cell-mediated decline of the alveolar epithelial-interstitial-endothelial complex walls in the exudative phase, permitting plasma, plasma proteins, and cellular content into successively flood the interstitium and airspace. ARDS occurs when there is disruption in the alveolar-capillary barrier followed by the deposition of protein rich fluid inside the alveoli of the lungs. Less oxygen reaches the bloodstream as a result of this protein-rich fluid, which prevents the lungs from filling with enough air. As a result, the organs lose some of the oxygen necessary for normal operation. Aspiration of stomach contents, pneumonia, sepsis, and severe trauma are among the several clinical conditions linked to the onset of ARDS. The various clinical disorders that are associated with the development of ARDS include sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. Human ARDS is not caused by any single event and hence here is no such existing animal model that would completely mimic Human ARDS.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Mr. Subham Kumar Panda
Department of Toxicology, Vipragen Biosciences Private Limited, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

 

Dr. V. G. S. Sharma
Animal Testing Laboratory, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited, Ambernath, Mumbai, India.

 

Prof. (Dr.) B. Ray
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri, Odisha, India.

 

Please See the book here :-   https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/3621G