A Review on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Animal Models | Chapter 3 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

The present study provides the various methods for insulting ARDS in animal model, along with advantage and disadvantage of each method. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury. There is an immune-cell-mediated decline of the alveolar epithelial-interstitial-endothelial complex walls in the exudative phase, permitting plasma, plasma proteins, and cellular content into successively flood the interstitium and airspace. ARDS occurs when there is disruption in the alveolar-capillary barrier followed by the deposition of protein rich fluid inside the alveoli of the lungs. Less oxygen reaches the bloodstream as a result of this protein-rich fluid, which prevents the lungs from filling with enough air. As a result, the organs lose some of the oxygen necessary for normal operation. Aspiration of stomach contents, pneumonia, sepsis, and severe trauma are among the several clinical conditions linked to the onset of ARDS. The various clinical disorders that are associated with the development of ARDS include sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, and major trauma. Human ARDS is not caused by any single event and hence here is no such existing animal model that would completely mimic Human ARDS.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Mr. Subham Kumar Panda
Department of Toxicology, Vipragen Biosciences Private Limited, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

 

Dr. V. G. S. Sharma
Animal Testing Laboratory, Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited, Ambernath, Mumbai, India.

 

Prof. (Dr.) B. Ray
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Puri, Odisha, India.

 

Please See the book here :-   https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/3621G

A Rare Case of White-out Lung Due to Intrapleural Hemorrhage after the Administration of tPA and DNase | Chapter 7 | A Case in a Million

 This chapter reports a case of white-out lung due to intrapleural hemorrhage after the administration of tPA and DNase in a patient previously not on any anticoagulation, with complicated parapneumonic effusion. Pleural infection is increasing worldwide with many reports showing significant rises in the incidence over the last few decades.  Because of their mucolytic activity, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and recombinant deoxyribonuclease (D Nase) are used to treat pleural infections by successfully lowering the viscosity of the pleural fluid. In high-risk patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery, the combination of tPA plus DNase has garnered significant interest as a treatment option for complex parapneumonic effusion. We report a case of 57-year-old female with a medical history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease stage 3A, opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance program (MMTP), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaints of generalized diffuse headache for three days after she ran out of her hypertensive medication. A chest tube was placed with drainage of fluid while tPA and DNase were also considered as an additional treatment module. After receiving the initial dosage of DNase and tPA, the patient had hypoxemia and hypotension. Additionally, a rapid development of right hemothorax was observed.

Author(s) Details:

Tutul Chowdhury,
One Brooklyn Health, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACIM/article/view/12578

The Predictive Value of Initial Arterial Blood Gas Variations in Pneumonia Patients with Type I/II Respiratory Failure | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Early fluctuations in the individual arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters—pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and HCO3—and treatment success in pneumonia patients with respiratory failure have received little attention. If a statistically significant fluctuation in individual ABG readings could be utilised as an early, accurate predictor of treatment effectiveness, a patient with pneumonia who is in respiratory failure might be treated aggressively before a clinically evident downward shift occurs. Pneumonia can also cause respiratory failure by causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is caused by a mix of infection and inflammation.

 

42 patients with clinical signs of pneumonia and baseline clinical data, as well as two arterial blood samples, were included in this prospective experiment. samples for ABG testing (one at baseline and another within 24 hours of the first). Based on the ABG findings, patients were classified as belonging to group 'A' with type I (hypoxemic) respiratory failure or group 'B' with type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. A binary logistic regression research was conducted. Individual ABG parameters in Group A had a significant positive connection with the treatment outcome: pH (p=0.034), HCO3- (p=0.034), PaO2 (p=0.035), PaCO2 (p=0.045), whereas pH (p=0.284), HCO3- (p=0.248), PaO2 (p=0.39), PaCO2 (p=0.240) had a non-significant positive association. The treatment failure rate in Group B was 40.91 percent, compared to 25 percent in Group A.

In pneumonia patients with type I respiratory disease, individual ABG levels can predict therapy outcome.

Author(S) Details

Davis Kizhakkepeedika Rennis
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

Easwaramangalath Venugopal Krishnakumar
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6895