Role of TNF-α Gene Polymorphism as a Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Study among Patients of the Telangana Region, India | Chapter 13 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 7

 

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications in patients with prolonged diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy disorder is most commonly observed in patients with prolonged diabetes, even though other microvascular diseases due to diabetes are also observed. Among the genetic risk factors for DN, TNF-α, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is proposed to act in a paracrine/autocrine manner and is hypothesised to be associated with insulin resistance. In the current study, the relationship of the G  C variant of the TNF-α gene in patients, associated with other biochemical parameters, with DN was investigated.

 

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the inflammatory markers that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and could serve as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers.

 

Methods: Demographic factors of the study group were obtained by directly interviewing the study group. Biochemical and diagnostic parameters of the study subjects, plasma glucose levels (fasting and postprandial), and renal function tests (Urea, creatinine) were obtained from the patient’s records. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 50 type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 non-diabetic control subjects.

 

The TNF-α (G    C) polymorphism was analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length (RFLP) polymorphism analysis.

 

Results: Using statistical analysis, it was possible to correlate demographic parameters with genotyping results, and it was found that 50% patients were GG homozygotes (wild type), 30% were GC heterozygotes, and 20% were CC homozygotes. This suggests that low-grade inflammation could be one of the determinants in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. Most of the patients (80%) in the hospital were not physically active, and these patients had much longer inpatient stays when compared to the patients who were involved in regular physical exercise. The control of inflammatory processes may be useful in the therapy of DN. As there is limited experience available for the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines in DN, it is beneficial to collect and mount evidence for the properties of inflammatory genes.

 

Conclusion: We conclude from this preliminary study that TNF-α G   C genotypes may be a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of T2DM patients with insulin resistance and nephropathy.

 

Author(s) Details

Kaiser Jamil
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.

 

Owaisul Haq
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.

 

Zamin Ahmed
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.

 

Sindhu Joshi
Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/5716

 

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (Renal Failure and Multiple Episodes of Nephrolithiasis): A Case Report | Chapter 2 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

Chronic kidney disease occurs when the kidneys are damaged and unable to filter blood appropriately. It is difficult to regenerate or recover kidney function once it has been compromised. This can result in nephrolithiasis and renal failure. This study aims to discover MSC therapy’s effectiveness in treating Renal failure and Nephrolithiasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the prime candidates for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. MSCs can be obtained and isolated from a variety of tissues such as the umbilical cord, the placenta, amniotic fluid, adipose tissue, etc. This case report describes a 58-year-old male with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and elevated serum creatinine with a concern for chronic kidney disease (CKD), stage 3 development who was treated with a total of four MSCs treatments of 5.0 × 108 MSCs per infusion over the course of two months. Post-treatment five years later revealed no recurrent nephrolithiasis and normal eGFR, serum BUN, and creatinine levels which suggest that MSCs can be a safe and effective modern treatment for CKD and nephrolithiasis. Early diagnosis and treatment with MSC therapy have the potential to improve renal failure and could be the gold standard to prevent future hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.

Author(s) Details:

Sebo Gene Wang,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Sebo Michelle Wang,
Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California, USA.

Ming Chu Hsu,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Fu Nan Wang,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13753

Spectrum of Renal Involvement in Patients of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Disorders associated with Renal Abnormalities | Chapter 1 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Background: The prevalence and effects of renal diseases in obstetrical and gynecological patients vary. Acute kidney injury (AKI), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or nephrotic syndrome can all occur in patients.

Aim: The study was conducted to see the spectrum of renal involvement in patients of obstetrical and gynaecological disorders associated with renal abnormalities at our centre.

Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India over a period of 5 years (2011 – 2015). A total of 60 patients were included in the study.

Results: Of the 60 patients, 32 (53.3%) had AKI- mostly pregnancy related, 11(18.3%) patients had obstructive uropathy, 4 (6.6%) patients were diagnosed with CKD in the antenatal period, 3 (5%) patients each of RPGN and nephrotic syndrome, 5 (8.3%) patients were diagnosed with lupus nephritis and 2 (3.3%) patients were diagnosed with genitourinary tuberculosis. Renal biopsy was done in 14 patients and showed lupus nephritis in 5 patients, cortical necrosis in 2 patients, and 1 patients each with acute tubular necrosis (ATN), minimal change disease (MCD), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), Cresentric IgAN, Pauci immune glomerulonephritis, Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) and Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Acute kidney injury was quite common in the pregnant females, with septic abortion and puerperal sepsis contributing to a significant number of cases. Hence, there is a need to halt the practice of illegal abortions and improve antenatal and also post natal care to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion: AKI associated to pregnancy is rather common. If left untreated, cortical necrosis could develop. Another illness that is encountered is cervical cancer, which can lead to obstructive uropathy and chronic kidney disease. To minimize morbidity and death, an early diagnosis and suitable treatment are crucial.

Author(s) Details:

Sharma M.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Bordoloi P.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Das H. J.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Barman A. K.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Doley P.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Pegu G.,
Department of Nephrology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13648

Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases on Hemodialysis | Chapter 14 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

Background: The skin acts as an important diagnostic window to systemic disease which is true for renal diseases. Cutaneous and mucosal disorders are of the common problems in patients on long long-term haemodialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and nature of cutaneous lesions among patients with chronic kidney diseases who received maintenance haemodialysis.

 

Methods: The study was carried out on patients suffering from chronic kidney disease, who were attending skin OPD, nephrology ward for hemodialysis Command Hospital Lucknow and hemodialysis and skin OPD UPUMS Saifai, Etawah. Eighty patients with chronic kidney diseases on haemodialysis were studied. All of the patients were fully examined for cutaneous, hair, nail and mucosal changes. Diagnostic measures such as scraping and biopsy of the lesions was were carried out, where necessary.

 

Results: The patients were 30 females and 50 males with a mean age of 47.6 years. The duration of haemodialysis was 36±11 months. All patients included in this study had at least one cutaneous manifestation attributable to CRF. The most prevalent findings were xerosis (66.2%) followed by pallor (57.5%), pruritus (51.25%), infections (33.75%), AV shunt dermatitis (16.25%), pigmentary changes (13.75%), purpura, ecchymoses (8.75%) and perforating disorders (2.5%). Hair changes were diffuse alopecia (16.25%), brittles, lustreless hair (3.75%) and sparse body hairs (1.25%). Oral changes were candidiasis (10%), angular cheilitis (3.75%), gingivitis (2.75%), fissured tongue (2.75%) and lichen planus (1.25%). Nail changes were leukonychia (10%), dystrophic nails (7.5%) onychomycosis (6.25%), subungual hyperkeratosis (5%) and half and half nails (1.25%).

 

Conclusions: At least one cutaneous manifestation is found in all CRF patients. The aetiology of CRF does not affect the cutaneous, hair or nail abnormalities. Factors such as diagnostic climate and early treatment influence some disorders such as xerosis, pruritus and infections. Oral hygiene to prevent mucosal lesions; nutritional supplementation to prevent angular cheilitis and hair loss; and prompt recognition and treatment of fungal infections like onychomycosis and tinea pedis, which are increased in CRF.

Author(s) Details:

Sweta S. Kumar,
Department of Dermatology, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India.

Manoj Kumar,
Department of Medicine, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India.

Santosh Kumar,
Department of Respiratory Medicine, ASMC, Etah (U.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V4/article/view/13220

A Rare Case of White-out Lung Due to Intrapleural Hemorrhage after the Administration of tPA and DNase | Chapter 7 | A Case in a Million

 This chapter reports a case of white-out lung due to intrapleural hemorrhage after the administration of tPA and DNase in a patient previously not on any anticoagulation, with complicated parapneumonic effusion. Pleural infection is increasing worldwide with many reports showing significant rises in the incidence over the last few decades.  Because of their mucolytic activity, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and recombinant deoxyribonuclease (D Nase) are used to treat pleural infections by successfully lowering the viscosity of the pleural fluid. In high-risk patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery, the combination of tPA plus DNase has garnered significant interest as a treatment option for complex parapneumonic effusion. We report a case of 57-year-old female with a medical history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease stage 3A, opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance program (MMTP), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaints of generalized diffuse headache for three days after she ran out of her hypertensive medication. A chest tube was placed with drainage of fluid while tPA and DNase were also considered as an additional treatment module. After receiving the initial dosage of DNase and tPA, the patient had hypoxemia and hypotension. Additionally, a rapid development of right hemothorax was observed.

Author(s) Details:

Tutul Chowdhury,
One Brooklyn Health, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACIM/article/view/12578

An Overview on Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Study from Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu and Kashmir, India | Chapter 7 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This member aimed to know the occurrence rate of AKI and its mixed risk factors among the NICU subjects to depict the ailment burden and its impact. Acute kidney harm (AKI) is a clinical condition that complicates the course and worsens the consequence in a significant number of hospitalised sufferers. Recent advances in clinical and basic research will help accompanying a more accurate description of this syndrome and in the illustration of its pathogenesis. Neonates the one suffer hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy often evolve multiorgan failure, which impacts essentially every means system. The findings plan that the incidence of neonatal AKI would have happened even higher if more rigorous AKI following protocols were executed. The most common cause for neonatal admission in our NICU was perinatal unconsciousness followed by neonatal infection of blood. The findings are limited by our description of AKI, which depends SCr changes to diagnose AKI in addition to the reality that we did not take excretion output as a marker of AKI.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Ashraf,
Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12476

Advances in Renal Diseases and Dialysis | Book Publisher International

 This book primarily covers key areas of kidney diseases and recent developments in dialysis. The contributions by the authors include acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, newer biomarkers of AKI, epidemiology, hepatorenal syndrome, cirrhosis, liver transplantation, acute tubular necrosis, vasopressors, newer biomarkers of HRS, diabetic kidney disease, microvascular damage, microalbuminuria, progression of CKD, RAS mechanism of action, continuous renal replacement therapy, intermittent hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, solute removal, electrolyte disorders, uremia, hyperammonemia, diffusion. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of medicine and medical research.

Author(s) Details:

Maheshwari Kata,
Department of Internal Medicine, MNR Medical College and Hospital, Telangana, India.

Harkesh Arora,
Department of Internal Medicine, Lovelace Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Rajeshwari Ramachandran,
Department of Gastroenterology, Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Varun Victor,
Department of Cardiology, Canton Medical Education Foundation/Aultman Hospital, Canton, Ohio, USA.

Nihar Jena,
Department of Cardiology, Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State University, Pontiac, Michigan, USA.

Abid Rizvi,
Department of Behavioural Health and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Prashanth Reddy Yella,
Department of Internal Medicine, Yuma Regional Medical Center, Yuma, Arizona, USA.

Atul Bali,
Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA.

Deepak Chandramohan,
Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Roopa Naik,
Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARDD/article/view/11830

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Ayurvedic Treatment: An Update | Chapter 11 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This branch evaluate Role of Punarnava as a Single Drug Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease.Chronic kind disease (CKD) has emerged all at once of the most conspicuous causes of death. Chronic kidney affliction is more prevalent in earlier individuals, girls, racial minorities, and in family experiencing diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Chronic sort disease represents an particularly large burden in reduced- and middle-income countries, that are least outfitted to deal with allure consequences.Boerhaavia diffusa Linn., a trailing spice that grows all across India and is collected after the rainy season, was secondhand in Punarnava. The herb is obliquely branched, accompanying a strong root stock and several long, thin, prostrate or ascending arms. Punarnava can renew dying containers and aid in the revival of the party's failing organs. The name "pun-nava" method "new again." The tool with ultimate biological roles is the kind. They maintain the homeostatic balance of material fluids by removing waste out of corpse. Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) or Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) refers to an irrevocable deterioration in renal function, that develops over a period of age. Due to the high costs and complicatedness of the traditional therapeutic action, which includes dialysis and renal transplantation, very few patients can produce to receive the appropriate take care of kidney questions. Therefore, exploration of a safe and alternative cure is needed, that proves to be beneficial in reducing the necessity of dialysis and in shelve the renal transplantation. The use of herbal drugs for the prevention and situation of various afflictions is constantly developing during the whole of the world. This situation approach is a safe and persuasive alternative in case of CRF. In a difficult condition place conventional situations are beyond the financial competencies of a common man of the country, this cure can be hopeful and hopeful.

Author(s) Details:

D. M. Padavi,

Department of Kayachikitsa, Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Ayurved and Research Institute, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V4/article/view/11326

Hyperuricaemia and Other Markers of Kidney Impairment in Caribbean Patients with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases| Chapter 6 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 10

 Hyperuricaemia is an liberated risk factor for kidney working decline, and its predominance rises as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) staging progresses. The study examined hyperuricaemia and other indicators of kidney impairment in sufferers with incessant noncommunicable diseases in a developing frugality. We retrospectively reviewed the dossier collected from a study conducted 'tween January 2014 and December 2014 in which a total of 968 cases with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and incessant kidney affliction (CKD) participated. Each subject provided ancestry sample, which was therefore tested for glucose, antitoxin uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, antitoxin creatinine, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and albumin. Anthropometric measurements of each subject, containing height, burden, waist circumference, age, common, education level, takeover, and medical history with drug use, were also captured. The result of the study shows that, patients with bred serum uric acid (SUA) levels have larger mean age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), SUA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides, albumin, and very depressed-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and lower mean advantage of estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) compared to cases with rational SUA levels, (P = 0.05). In addition, correlation studies between SUA, e-GFR, BUN, antitoxin creatinine, body bulk index, (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and albumin shows forceful association betwixt SUA and these parameters (p<.0001). About 223 (23.34%) of the CKD patients have nurtured uric acid levels and 745 (76.96%) have normal uric acid levels. Therefore, this study further recorded the well-established association middle from two points hyperuricaemia and CKD. However, the measures already working in lifestyle clinics must be claimed in order to bar any increase in SUA levels in these patients.

Clinical Presentation of Renal Disease in Children: The Role of the Pediatrician and Primary Care Physician | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science vol. 1

 The main cause of morbidity in children is renal illness. The prevention of chronic kidney disease depends heavily on the early detection and treatment of renal illness in children (CKD). Early detection and treatment of these diseases are crucial since many causes of CKD in children, such as congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary system and urinary tract infection, may be prevented. Pediatricians and primary care doctors should be knowledgeable about the different ways that paediatric renal disorders present themselves and should be highly suspicious of any asymptomatic patients. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), signs and symptoms of renal disease, abnormal urinalysis, urinary tract infection, water, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, glomerular disease, renal tubular disorders, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and decreased renal function are all possible in patients with renal disease. Pediatricians and primary care doctors may begin the evaluation and treatment of paediatric renal disease depending on how comfortable they are doing so. A paediatric nephrologist should be consulted for patients who require collaboration or invasive tests, have serious renal disease or diminished renal function, or have anxious parents.

Author(s) Details:

Amin J. Barakat,
Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V1/article/view/8100

Assessing the Attitude towards Nutrition Management Practices by Adult Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Study from Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya | Chapter 03 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 The study's goal was to find out how adult stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients feel about dietary management and how that affects their practises at Kenyatta National Hospital. To simplify the gathering of qualitative and quantitative data and the discovery of connections between variables, a cross-sectional analytical design was adopted. A sample of 110 people was calculated using the Cochran formula. To obtain data, a research-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were employed to describe the population's demographic and socioeconomic features. To evaluate the association between independent and dependent variables, inferential statistics were performed using chi square with an alpha of 0.05. More than three-quarters (77 percent) of respondents had a negative attitude. Attitudes toward taking one's weight daily (0.017), observing the types of food one eats daily (0.001), using food supplements to give nutrients needed by the body (0.001), and following dietary recommendations (0.022) were significantly associated with practises in stage 5 CKD management. Participants in general exhibited a good attitude toward nutrition management; however, regardless of their education or income level, their attitudes toward potassium reduction, supplement use, interpreting nutrition information, and fluid regulation were negative. It was suggested that patients' attitudes should be improved further by powerful nutrition advocacy messages for better nutrition management methods.

Author(S) Details

Julia Rotich
Department of Family Health, Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenya.

Winfreda Nyamota
Department of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Kenyatta University, Kenya.

Joshua Kayima
Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V5/article/view/6139

Utility of Testing Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single Center Experience | Chapter 15 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Introduction: Phosphate homeostasis disturbances, as well as higher circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), are an early consequence of CKD that can lead to a variety of bone disorders. For patients with various bone illnesses, treatment options are meant to keep calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D levels within prescribed ranges. FGF 23 is currently not included in standard therapy protocols for the management of bone disorders in patients with CKD.

The study's main goal was to assess and connect FGF 23 levels in individuals with chronic kidney disease with calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone levels.

Secondary Goals: 1) Determine the relationship between haemoglobin levels and FGF 23 levels in patients with CKD at various stages.

2) To investigate differences in FGF 23 levels in patients with high and low turnover bone disease.

The working idea that FGF-23 is an indication of CKD development and related bone disorders was investigated. We wanted to see if it appeared earlier in the course of CKD than other markers including calcium, phosphate, PTH, and vitamin D. We included the occurrence of anaemia as an extra criteria to better understand FGF-23's 'off target' effects. We wanted to see how FGF 23 levels differed in high and low turnover bone illnesses, as well as how phosphate binders affected FGF 23 levels in these two types of bone diseases.

In 2015-16, Care Hospitals in Hyderabad, India, undertook an observational open label prospective study. It includes all adult patients with CKD who were chosen in order.

Results: A Kruskal Wallis test of 64 samples revealed no statistically significant difference in FGF23 levels between CKD stages. Between different phases of CKD, there was a statistically significant difference in haemoglobin levels. FGF 23 levels were higher in patients with a high turnover type of bone disease, but no statistical significance was found using the Wilcoxon Mann Whitney test. The findings of the chi-square test revealed that phosphate binders had a statistically significant influence on FGF 23 levels.

In a subgroup examination of high and low turnover bone disorders, FGF-23 and haemoglobin associated inversely. In low turnover bone disease, FGF 23 was lower, while in high turnover bone disease, it was higher. FGF 23 may be able to distinguish between high and low turnover bone disease, despite the fact that the link was statistically insignificant. The levels of intact FGF-23 in the blood did not have a statistically significant relationship with the course of CKD. Phosphate binders had a statistically significant effect in lowering FGF-23 levels.

Author(S) Details

Girish Vasudeorao Kumthekar
Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre & Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Lavale, Pune, India.

Rajasekara Chakravarthi Madarasu
RENOWN Clinical Services, Hyderabad & Star Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V7/article/view/5770

Determination of Hyperuricaemia and Other Correlates of Kidney Impairment in Caribbean Patients with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases | Chapter 11 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 8

 Background: Hyperuricaemia is a risk factor for renal function deterioration that becomes more common as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stage proceeds.

The study's goal is to talk about hyperuricemia and its consequences in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases in a developing economy.

This retrospective study, which took place between January 2014 and December 2014, comprised 968 individuals with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic renal disease. Glucose, serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and albumin were all measured in each subject's blood. Anthropometric indices such height, weight, waist circumference, age, gender, education, occupation, and medical history, including medications, were reported by each participant.

Patients with elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have a higher mean age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), SUA, blood urea nitogen (BUN), triglycerides, albumin, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), as well as a lower mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) (P = 0.05) than patients with normal SUA levels. SUA has a strong relationship with e-GFR, BUN, serum creatinine, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and albumin, according to correlation studies (p.0001). Uric acid levels are elevated in 223 (23.34 percent) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, while they are normal in 745 (76.96 percent).

Conclusion: The long-established relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic renal disease is highlighted in this study. However, in order to avoid any trend toward an increase in serum uric acid levels in patients, the measures already in place in lifestyle clinics must be maintained.

Author(S) Details

Saleh Idris Tudun Wada
Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V8/article/view/5280

Intradialytic Cardiovascular Exercise Training Alters Redox Status, Reduces Inflammation and Improves Physical Performance in End Stage Renal Disease Patients under Hemodialysis | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by redox status (RS) disturbances and inflammation, which are significantly aggravated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (ESRD).

The goal of this study was to see how effective a 6-month intradialytic exercise training programme was at reducing RS, inflammation, and physical performance in ESRD patients.

Materials and Procedures: For six months, twenty hemodialysis (HD) patients (17 males, 3 females) were randomly allocated to either an intradialytic training (bedside cycling) group (TR; n = 10) or a control group (CON; n = 10) for intradialytic training (bedside cycling). Physical performance (VO2peak), functional capacity [North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary (NSRI) walk test, sit-to-stand test (STS-60)], quality of life [(short form-36 (SF-36)], RS [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC), reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (

Results: Only in TR (p 0.01) did peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) increase by 15%. Only TR's performance improved by 4–13% in NSRI, STS-60, and SF-36 (p 0.01). Exercise training decreased TBARS by 28%, PC by 31%, and hs-CRP by 15%, while increasing GSH by 52%, GSH/GSSG ratio by 51%, TAC by 59 percent, and CAT by 15% (p 0.01).

Conclusion: Chronic intradialytic cardiovascular exercise modifies RS, decreases inflammation, and improves performance in patients with ESRD, according to these data. Future research will need to look into this circumstance with a larger sample size in order to draw safe conclusions.

Author(S) Details

Apostolos Sovatzidis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Ioannis G. Fatouros
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Stylianos Panagoutsos
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Dimitrios Draganidis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Eirini Nikolaidou
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery & Burns ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Alexandra Avloniti
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Yiannis Michailidis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Ioannis Mantzouridis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.

Alexios Batrakoulis
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.

Ploumis Pasadakis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Vassilis Vargemezis
Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5024

Role of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Management of Hypertension in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis | Book Publisher International

 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension (HTN) are closely linked, and either can cause or aggravate the other. When compared to office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has successfully detected hypertensive CKD patients at elevated risk. ABPM provides data on circadian and short-term blood pressure fluctuation, both of which are linked to cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertension in patients with chronic renal disease who are on hemodialysis on a regular basis is examined in this review.

The purpose of this study is to look into the role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the management of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease who are on hemodialysis on a regular basis, as well as the correlation between intradialytic blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Methods: This was an observational study of CKD patients who underwent ABPM in a tertiary care centre and were on hemodialysis for more than a month. Data was gathered from clinical and ABPM records.

The study looked at a total of 100 hypertensive CKD patients. Intradialytic blood pressure was found to have a statistically significant relationship with ambulatory blood pressure. The 24 hour mean SBP, active period SBP, and passive period SBP were all linked with pre-HD SBP.

Conclusion: Intradialytic blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure had a statistically significant relationship. Interdialytic weight gain and cholesterol are risk factors that can be changed. SBP before HD and 24 hour mean SBP were both found to be independent risk factors for IDH. Patients with greater blood pressure have a higher burden of blood pressure (intradialytic and interdialytic) and may require more severe blood pressure treatment.

Author(S) Detalis

Vajed Mogal
Department of Nephrology, M.G.M. Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RABPMMHPCKDH/article/view/3904

Research on Insulin Resistance and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 11 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 

Alzheimer's disease is a widespread elderly cognitive condition where neurodegeneration happens quickly as a result of reduced brain function. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, there have been several studies connecting music memory with cognition. This multiple case study (n=3) aims to examine the impact of familiar and unfamiliar music on the fundamental frequency of speech (F0), range of intensity, and speech rate of 3 elderly Alzheimer's disease participants. The speech parameters were measured longitudinally over a span of 21 weeks following exposure to common and unfamiliar music. A listening assignment to an audiobook was viewed as supervision. Data showed that there was wide variability in performance in all of these topics, with no common trend for familiar music. For unfamiliar music, however, two subjects showed an improvement in their speech output. The third topic showed a rise in the F0 range. It is proposed that there could be further understanding of how common and new stimuli affect the development of speech in Alzheimer's disease patients. The findings also indicate that unfamiliar music can have a substantial impact on the speech rate of subjects with AD, but the long-term influence of music on the speech production of these patients with Alzheimer's disease is difficult to assess. Instead, the findings suggested that in Alzheimer's disease patients there could be more to consider how familiar and novel stimuli affect speech development.


Author(s) Details
  
Mihaela Vladu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Diana Clenciu
Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Ion Cristian Efrem
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Anca Amzolini
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Simona Tudorică Micu
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Maria Moța
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

Maria Forțofoiu

University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania and Clinical Municipal Hospital “Philanthropy” of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/296

Incorporating Scoring Risk Models for Care Planning of Elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease: Brief Overview | Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Mortality in chronic kidney disease remains high, particularly among the elderly, who represent the most rapidly growing segment of the end-stage renal disease population in wealthier countries. The management of older adults with chronic kidney disease has become a clinical challenge and care for those patients expected to progress to end-stage renal disease should focus on evaluating the overall benefit of offering renal replacement therapy to them. Predictive mortality models may help to inform shared decision-making in the trajectory of the elderly with chronic kidney disease. This review discusses current literature on the available predictive models for predicting survival in elderly chronic kidney disease patients and reflects the author’s own interpretation and experience.

Author(s) Details

Josefina Santos  
Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Porto, Portugal and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Isabel Fonseca 
Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Porto, Portugal and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and EPI Unit, ISPUP - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal..

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/195