Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the
complications in patients with prolonged diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy
disorder is most commonly observed in patients with prolonged diabetes, even
though other microvascular diseases due to diabetes are also observed. Among
the genetic risk factors for DN, TNF-α, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is
proposed to act in a paracrine/autocrine manner and is hypothesised to be
associated with insulin resistance. In the current study, the relationship of
the G C variant of the TNF-α gene in
patients, associated with other biochemical parameters, with DN was
investigated.
Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the
inflammatory markers that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic
nephropathy and could serve as predictive or diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods: Demographic factors of the study group were
obtained by directly interviewing the study group. Biochemical and diagnostic
parameters of the study subjects, plasma glucose levels (fasting and postprandial),
and renal function tests (Urea, creatinine) were obtained from the patient’s
records. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 50 type II
Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 non-diabetic control subjects.
The TNF-α (G C)
polymorphism was analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by
restriction fragment length (RFLP) polymorphism analysis.
Results: Using statistical analysis, it was possible to
correlate demographic parameters with genotyping results, and it was found that
50% patients were GG homozygotes (wild type), 30% were GC heterozygotes, and
20% were CC homozygotes. This suggests that low-grade inflammation could be one
of the determinants in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. Most of
the patients (80%) in the hospital were not physically active, and these
patients had much longer inpatient stays when compared to the patients who were
involved in regular physical exercise. The control of inflammatory processes
may be useful in the therapy of DN. As there is limited experience available
for the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines in DN, it is beneficial to collect
and mount evidence for the properties of inflammatory genes.
Conclusion: We conclude from this preliminary study that
TNF-α G C genotypes may be a useful
biomarker for the early diagnosis of T2DM patients with insulin resistance and
nephropathy.
Author(s)
Details
Kaiser Jamil
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab
Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.
Owaisul Haq
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab
Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.
Zamin Ahmed
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Masab
Tank, Hyderabad-500004, Telangana, India.
Sindhu Joshi
Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre, Masab Tank, Hyderabad-500004,
Telangana, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/5716
