Innovations in Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for Renal Stones | Chapter 6 | Newer Frontiers in Urology, Volume II

 

Background: Flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) has become a cornerstone in the minimally invasive management of renal stone disease. Continuous technological evolution over the past decades has expanded its indications, improved procedural safety, and enhanced stone-free outcomes. This review synthesises recent innovations that have reshaped contemporary fURS practice.

 

Objective: To critically appraise key technological and procedural advances in flexible ureterorenoscopy, with emphasis on scope design, laser lithotripsy, adjunctive instrumentation, and emerging guidance and robotic systems, and to evaluate their clinical impact on renal stone management.

 

Methods: A narrative review was conducted based on historical milestones, recent clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing innovations in fURS. Developments in digital and single-use ureteroscopes, laser technologies, ureteral access sheaths, irrigation and pressure-control systems, image guidance, and robotic assistance were analysed with respect to efficacy, safety, and workflow implications.

 

Results: Major advancements include the transition to high-definition digital “chip-on-tip” ureteroscopes, the widespread adoption of single-use disposable scopes, and enhanced deflection mechanisms that improve access to complex calyceal anatomy. Laser innovations, particularly thulium fibre lasers and pulse-modulated holmium systems, have increased fragmentation efficiency while reducing retropulsion and operative time. Suction-enabled and pressure-controlled ureteral access sheaths have improved stone clearance and reduced infectious complications. Emerging technologies such as augmented reality navigation and robotic-assisted fURS have demonstrated stone-free rates comparable to those of conventional techniques while significantly improving surgeon ergonomics.

 

Conclusion: Technological innovation has transformed fURS into a highly effective, safe, and versatile modality for the treatment of renal stones. Ongoing integration of advanced lasers, innovative instrumentation, image guidance, and robotics is likely to refine outcomes further, personalise treatment strategies, and establish new benchmarks in endourological care.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rajan Ravichandran

Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Roshan Reddy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Vivek Meyyappan
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Velmurugan Palaniyandi
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Hariharasudhan Sekar
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-47485-68-8/CH6

Mitigating the Antinutrient Effects of Calcium Oxalate in Raw Foods | Chapter 9 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

Calcium oxalate crystals or ergastic crystals are present in most plants in all organs. The total oxalate content of raw salads, smoothies and fruit platters is of utmost importance as renal dysfunction due to high oxalate food consumption has become more of a lifestyle disease in the selective vegan food-consuming general public. Oxalates, commonly found as ergastic crystals in plants, can impact the nutritional value of food. High oxalate levels in plant-based raw food can lead to health issues like oxalate nephropathy, kidney stones- nephrolithiasis, hyperoxaluria and renal dysfunction. Additionally, oxalates can interfere with the absorption of essential minerals like calcium and magnesium. To reduce oxalate intake, one can avoid foods high in oxalates or use cooking methods such as boiling, fermenting, treating with baking soda, and adding yogurt or milk. Sprouting of seeds and nuts has been reported to reduce their oxalate content. Consumption of vegetables in the microgreen stage also has a lowered oxalate load than their vegetable counterpart. Advanced methods include selecting genetically modified crops with low oxalate levels or mutant varieties with reduced oxalate content. Future strategies for sustainable antinutrient management and improving nutritional value involve incorporating genes from bacteria or fungi that produce the enzyme oxalate decarboxylase, which can break down oxalates, into crop plants of interest.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Justin R. Nayagam
Department of Botany, Union Christian College, Aluva, India.

 

Renu Rajan
Department of Botany, Union Christian College, Aluva, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4780

Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn (Maidenhair fern) Reported by Ibn Rushd. Traditional Used and Modern Application: A Review Article | Chapter 2 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn (Maidenhair fern) is an herb belonging to the family Pteridaceae. Ancient physicians mainly administrated the fronds of Maidenhair fern as a single medicine or in combination with other plants in multi-herbal formulations for curing different diseases. Ancient practitioners generally used fronds of Maidenhair fern as the most useful part of the herb This is a specific review of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (adianthum), known as Barshawshan, and Kuzburat-el bir in Arabic, focusing in the current ethnopharmacological research confirming the mention of the use by Ibn Rushd, such as alopecia and its relation with castor oil and pumpkin, in addition to its application for the treatment of skin disorders. Some of the confirmed pharmacological effects in modern medicine including anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, diuretic, antilithiatic, anti-hair loss, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects were declared by ancient physicians as well. Many fern species are used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities and described in folklore and some have been accepted as main sources of drug discovery.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Arwa Al-Khatib
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.

 

Suleiman Olimat
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2953

Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn (Maidenhair fern) Reported by Ibn Rushd. Traditional Used and Modern Application: A Review Article | Chapter 2 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

 

Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn (Maidenhair fern) is an herb belonging to the family Pteridaceae. Ancient physicians mainly administrated the fronds of Maidenhair fern as a single medicine or in combination with other plants in multi-herbal formulations for curing different diseases. Ancient practitioners generally used fronds of Maidenhair fern as the most useful part of the herb This is a specific review of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (adianthum), known as Barshawshan, and Kuzburat-el bir in Arabic, focusing in the current ethnopharmacological research confirming the mention of the use by Ibn Rushd, such as alopecia and its relation with castor oil and pumpkin, in addition to its application for the treatment of skin disorders. Some of the confirmed pharmacological effects in modern medicine including anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, diuretic, antilithiatic, anti-hair loss, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects were declared by ancient physicians as well. Many fern species are used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities and described in folklore and some have been accepted as main sources of drug discovery.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Arwa Al-Khatib
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.

 

Suleiman Olimat
Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2953

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (Renal Failure and Multiple Episodes of Nephrolithiasis): A Case Report | Chapter 2 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

Chronic kidney disease occurs when the kidneys are damaged and unable to filter blood appropriately. It is difficult to regenerate or recover kidney function once it has been compromised. This can result in nephrolithiasis and renal failure. This study aims to discover MSC therapy’s effectiveness in treating Renal failure and Nephrolithiasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the prime candidates for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. MSCs can be obtained and isolated from a variety of tissues such as the umbilical cord, the placenta, amniotic fluid, adipose tissue, etc. This case report describes a 58-year-old male with a history of recurrent nephrolithiasis, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and elevated serum creatinine with a concern for chronic kidney disease (CKD), stage 3 development who was treated with a total of four MSCs treatments of 5.0 × 108 MSCs per infusion over the course of two months. Post-treatment five years later revealed no recurrent nephrolithiasis and normal eGFR, serum BUN, and creatinine levels which suggest that MSCs can be a safe and effective modern treatment for CKD and nephrolithiasis. Early diagnosis and treatment with MSC therapy have the potential to improve renal failure and could be the gold standard to prevent future hemodialysis or kidney transplantation.

Author(s) Details:

Sebo Gene Wang,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Sebo Michelle Wang,
Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California, USA.

Ming Chu Hsu,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Fu Nan Wang,
American Stem Cell Base, California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13753