A Fractional-Order Pneumonia Transmission Model Using the Generalised Atangana–Baleanu Derivative: Analysis and Numerical Simulations | Chapter 3 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 8

 

Pneumonia remains a major global health burden, especially among children under five and the elderly, and is a leading cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we formulate a novel fractional pneumonia model utilising the generalized Atangana–Baleanu (GAB) derivative. Pneumonia remains a global health threat, particularly in regions with limited medical infrastructure. We extend the traditional integer-order compartmental model into a fractional framework to capture the hereditary properties and memory effects of disease transmission. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for all compartments (Vaccinated V, Susceptible S, Carrier C, Infected I, and Recovered R) using fixed-point theory. This mathematical foundation ensures the biological feasibility of our memory-dependent model, which has significant implications for understanding persistent transmission patterns in pneumonia epidemiology. A numerical scheme based on Newton polynomial interpolation is derived. Finally, we discuss the comparative dynamics of the model relative to data trends for Iowa and Mississippi, demonstrating that fractional-order derivatives provide superior flexibility in fitting localised epidemic spikes compared to traditional models. Our key finding shows that regions with higher vaccination efficacy experience significantly flattened epidemic curves, highlighting the critical importance of vaccination coverage in pneumonia control strategies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Khan Sana Rahman
Department of Applied Science, Everest College of Engineering and Technology, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v8/7117

Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Cause of Sepsis Prognostic Factors of Pneumonias for Pathomechanism of Sepsis | Chapter 12 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

The present study deal with the importance of the prognostic factors of pneumonias (severity indices) as well as the fundamental issues of the pathomechanism of sepsis. The characteristic of severe sepsis is multiorgan dysfunction associated with sepsis due to the microcirculation disfunction of the individual organs, accompanied with clinical signs of decreased consciousness, oliguria, icterus, lactate acidosis, thrombocytopenia and laboratory differences. During sepsis fundamental changes go on in the balance situation of the procoagulant-anticoagulant system of the organism. Due to the expression of the tissue factor the coagulation “cascade” system is activated in the damaged and activated endothelium, and as a result, disseminated arterial thromboses develop, and the interaction between fibrine and the thrombocytes results in the development of microvascular thromboses.

Author(s) Details:

Geza Bozoky,
Hospital of Bács-Kiskun County Municipality, Hungary.

Eva Ruby,
Department of Pulmonology, Kecskemet, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13820

Bacterial Pneumonia Diagnosis among Children through Sono-Elastography: An Ultrasound Quantitative Non-Invasive Measurement Approach | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 This division aims to provide an overview of pleura sono-elastography (SE) technical aspects, and to survey its potential usefulness as a non-obtrusive diagnostic technique for severe lower respiratory tract contaminations (ALRTI) in children by implementing an bland image acquisition obligation. Nowadays, lung ultrasonography (LUS) is win standard for diagnosing lung diseases to a degree ALRTI. Its routine application has displaced chest radiography and it has resulted in a meaningful decrease in children's radiation uncovering.  Despite its proven usefulness, there are positions in which quantitative calculations could provide supplementary data to differentiate the study of animal of some pulmonary processes and thus fit the treatment. We have seen that this distinction could be improved by adjoining another quantitative diagnostic test, in the way that procalcitonin. In this direction, we believe the all-inclusive measurement of lung stretchiness by SE could improve demonstrative accuracy. In contrast, certain alveolus conditions as pneumonia, frequently influence changed lung fabric stiffness, which concede possibility be measured with novel demonstrative techniques like lung SE. Following in position or time a thorough analysis of the research, it was determined that there is now little research on the use of SE, especially in children, in the search of pulmonary processes.

Author(s) Details:

Carmina Guitart,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Sergi Huerta-Calpe,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Bárbara Salas,
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Emilio J. Inarejos Clemente,
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Mònica Balaguer,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Iolanda Jordan,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V7/article/view/12694

An Overview of Job Syndrome with Autism: Complicated are Case with Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Chronic Deep Vein Thrombosis | Chapter 1 | A Case in a Million

 This chapter highlights about a rare case of job syndrome with autism. Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), also known as Job syndrome, is a syndrome characterized by recurrent skin and lung infections, severe eczema, and elevated levels of serum IgE. The syndrome is one of the rare immunologic diseases with only about 300 cases described in literature until now. Given their low prevalence, our understanding about job syndrome is still evolving. We report about a 35-year-old male with a past medical history significant for Autism spectrum disorder, Anemia, prior Pulmonary Embolism, multiple gluteal abscesses, and bilateral lower limb paralysis secondary to trauma at 15 years of age. Consistent with his diagnosis of hyper IgE syndrome, this patient had coarse facial features and significant scoliosis. We recently encountered a patient diagnosed as Job Syndrome with Autism who presented with abscess in right axillary region. We report this case for its rarity and unique association with developmental neurologic disorder. Although there are no particular treatment options, early diagnosis may assist treat instances proactively with antibiotics and wound care to lessen the strain on the patient. Our patient developed his first abscess at late childhood with multiple episodes of soft tissue infection lately and eventually diagnosed at 18 years of age.

Author(s) Details:

Tutul Chowdhury,
One Brooklyn Health, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACIM/article/view/12572

Respiratory Pathogens: A Comparison between Pre- and Post-pandemic Situation of COVID-19 | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 This survey aims to determine by what method respiratory pathogens exchanged both before and subsequently the COVID-19 epidemic, a kind of viral pneumonia for that a pandemic was advertised (March 2020). Pneumonia is an infection that influences one or two together lungs. It causes the air sacs, or alveoli, of the body parts to fill up accompanying fluid or pus. Bacteria, viruses, or fungi concede possibility cause pneumonia. To determine the relationship 'tween personal cleanness and the prevention of contamination by respiratory pathogens, the dossier were broken down by masculine and age. A retrospective reasoning was performed on 39,814 spit, bronchial aspirate, and transtracheal aspirate samples obtained from 15,398 patients visiting a hospital connected with university, located in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, middle from two points January 2018 and December 2021. From 4,454 patients whose samples were breeding positive for microorganisms, 6,389 strains were isolated and further experienced. The outpatients with respiring pathogens had a mean age of 66.2 years, and when the results of the civilization tests were compared by gender, it was establish that males comprised 64.9% (2,892/4,454) and females created 35.1% (1,562 out of 4,454). The number of outpatients the one requested respiring microbial cultures following the start of the universal was decreased by 20.7% distinguished to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, and the number of outpatients the one had a positive idea result was decreased by 23.0%. Following the universal, the number of respiratory samples acquired decreased by 6.7% while the sample beneficial rate decreased by 18.3%. When distinguished to pre-COVID-19 levels, the isolated microbial strains accompanied a significant reduction for the Acinetobacter baumannii complex (43.1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (60.5%), Haemophilus influenzae (67.2%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (78.1%). According to the allocation of respiratory microbial strains by exclusive informal network, patients above the age of 70 had the maximal prevalence of private bacteria. The betterings in personal cleanliness due to the COVID-19 universal exerted a substantial influence on the pattern of change in different common respiring microorganisms, which climaxes the importance of individual hygiene administration in the prevention of respiring infections.

Author(s) Details:

Ki Yeon Kim,
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Jae Soo Kim,
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Young Ki Lee,
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Ga Yeon Kim,
Department of Public Health, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Bo Kyeung Jung,
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V7/article/view/12044

An insight into the Clinical Profile, Treatment and Follow-up of Infections by a Rare Nosocomial Pathogen - “Elizabethkingia” species| Chapter 2 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol.10

 Foundation: Elizabethkingia species is an artful nosocomially obtained Gram negative microbes that has been connected to disconnected instances of meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis.

Materials and Methods: The review incorporated all clinical examples of blood, CSF, and respiratory examples that tried positive for Elizabethkingia north of a two-year time span. The detaches were first recognized by Vitek-2 GN card framework and further affirmed by MALDI-TOF MS.

Objective: The ongoing review was wanted to evaluate the 9 segment profile, clinical picture, responsiveness designs, species recognizable proof of different 10 Elizabethkingia separates as well as follow up of the cases.

Results: Over a time of two years, 27 cases showed positive development of Elizabethkingia spp. Among these 27 patients, 19 were grown-ups and 8 were youngsters. Blood yielded greatest secludes 52.6% (n=10); trailed by tracheal suction, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) liquid and cerebrospinal liquid (CSF). Medications like Minocycline and Piperacillin/Tazobactam showed 100 percent vulnerability in both the types of Elizabethkingia.Blood stream contaminations and meningitis were recognized as the most well-known clinical circumstances related with mortality in sure patients.

End: The cases and diseases because of Elizabethkingia are on an ascent in emerging nations like, India.

Author(s) Details:

Sweta Singh,
ASMC (Autonomous State Medical College), Mirzapur, U. P, India.

Chinmoy Sahu,
SGPGIMS, Lucknow, U.P, India.

Sangram Singh Patel,
SGPGIMS, Lucknow, U.P, India.

Ujjala Ghoshal,
SGPGIMS, Lucknow, U.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V10/article/view/8062

A Review on Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Clinical Challenges in Diagnosis | Chapter 05 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most serious infection problems in critical care, with significant morbidity and high healthcare expenditures. Preventable hospital care complications are a significant source of wasted health-care expenses, with 7 in industrialised nations and 10 in developing countries acquiring Health Care-Associated Infections for every 100 hospitalised patients at any one moment. Despite decades of research, a precise diagnosis and preventative approach for ventilator-associated pneumonia remains elusive. This selected review focuses on key parts of the topic, such as evidence-based Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Diagnosis Strategies with Clinically Relevant Results. Clinical diagnosis has been chastised for its lack of precision and consistency. Quantitative cultures obtained by diverse methods appear to be diagnostically equivalent. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia should be made using an all-encompassing strategy Regardless of the criteria, a correct diagnosis of VAP involves clinical symptoms of infection, microbiological verification, and chest X-ray results, which might be difficult to interpret due to prior parenchymal damage.

Author(S) Details

Varun Goel
Department of Microbiology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.

Savita Gupta
Department of Anesthesia, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V10/article/view/6957

The Predictive Value of Initial Arterial Blood Gas Variations in Pneumonia Patients with Type I/II Respiratory Failure | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Early fluctuations in the individual arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters—pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and HCO3—and treatment success in pneumonia patients with respiratory failure have received little attention. If a statistically significant fluctuation in individual ABG readings could be utilised as an early, accurate predictor of treatment effectiveness, a patient with pneumonia who is in respiratory failure might be treated aggressively before a clinically evident downward shift occurs. Pneumonia can also cause respiratory failure by causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is caused by a mix of infection and inflammation.

 

42 patients with clinical signs of pneumonia and baseline clinical data, as well as two arterial blood samples, were included in this prospective experiment. samples for ABG testing (one at baseline and another within 24 hours of the first). Based on the ABG findings, patients were classified as belonging to group 'A' with type I (hypoxemic) respiratory failure or group 'B' with type II (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. A binary logistic regression research was conducted. Individual ABG parameters in Group A had a significant positive connection with the treatment outcome: pH (p=0.034), HCO3- (p=0.034), PaO2 (p=0.035), PaCO2 (p=0.045), whereas pH (p=0.284), HCO3- (p=0.248), PaO2 (p=0.39), PaCO2 (p=0.240) had a non-significant positive association. The treatment failure rate in Group B was 40.91 percent, compared to 25 percent in Group A.

In pneumonia patients with type I respiratory disease, individual ABG levels can predict therapy outcome.

Author(S) Details

Davis Kizhakkepeedika Rennis
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

Easwaramangalath Venugopal Krishnakumar
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6895

A Tale of 2 Diseases in Symbiosis: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 | Chapter 06 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 COVID-19 is a virus that infects people (COrona VIrus Diagnosed in 2019) There is a symbiotic interaction between and tuberculosis. Their epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical symptoms are all comparable. These two disorders can aggravate and exacerbate each other's symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis for the patient.

Author(S) Details

Pratap Upadhya
Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry-06, India.

B. Muniza
Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry-06, India.

A. Arpitha
Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry-06, India.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V6/article/view/6418

Pneumonia and COVID-19 in Mexico| Chapter 3 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

In this chapter, we examine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in the Mexican community. We also show the impact of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients who have so far died.

Pneumonia is one of the primary causes of death in individuals with COVID-19 across all age categories. Because SARS-CoV-2 enters epithelial cells largely in the respiratory system via the ACE receptor, it is more common. Pneumonia was a significant risk factor for death due to COVID-19 in Mexicans of all ages.

A positive correlation and linear relationship between pneumonia and Case Fatality Ratio r=0.79, CFR(percent)=0.02 + 0.29 cases with pneumonia(percent), t=0.68, P-value=.0001. In the Mexican population under 19 years of age, a positive correlation and linear relationship between pneumonia and Case Fatality Ratio r=0.79, CFR(percent)=0.02 + 0.29 cases with pneumonia(percent), t=0.68, P-value=.0001.

Finally, pneumonia is the major cause of death in COVID-19 patients.

Author(s) Details:

Nicolás Padilla-Raygoza,
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.


Gilberto Flores-Vargas,
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.



María de Jesús Gallardo-Luna,
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.


Efrain Navarro-Olivos,
Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.


Elia Lara-Lona,
Department of Medicine and Nutrition, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México.

Francisco J. Magos-Vázquez,
Directorate of Services on Health, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.


Daniel Alberto Díaz-Martínez,
Directorate of Services on Health, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6075

Thrombocytosis Associated with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Pediatric Population: A Two-year Retrospective Study | Chapter 05 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 Thrombocytosis is an inflammatory sign associated with a variety of clinical disorders. Increased levels of thrombopoietin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-8, and tumour necrosis factor alpha are linked to inflammatory thrombocytosis. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and relevance of thrombocytosis in children with a lower respiratory tract infection.

Materials and Methods: The current study was retrospective in nature, and it was conducted on 200 children aged up to 6 years who were hospitalised for a lower respiratory tract infection over the course of 24 months. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had thrombocytosis and those who did not.

The results showed that out of 200 youngsters, 110 (55%) had thrombocytosis and 90 (45%) did not. Ten percent of children with thrombocytosis had pneumonia, 40 percent had severe pneumonia, and 60 percent (54.5%) had extremely severe pneumonia. 50 (55.5%) of the 90 children without thrombocytosis had pneumonia, 10 (11%) had severe pneumonia, and 30 (33%) had very severe pneumonia.

Conclusions: Children with lower respiratory tract infections have long been linked to thrombocytosis, according to this study. The duration of hospitalisation and severity of pneumonia were both higher in the group with a high thrombocyte level.

Author(S) Details

Priyanka Kiyawat
Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital, Indore, India.

Ashok Panchonia
Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital, Indore, India.

Sonal Meshram
Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital, Indore, India.

Shailendra Singh Thakur
Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital, Indore, India.


View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V1/article/view/5206

An Atypical Presentation of Acute Ischemic Stroke in COVID 19 Patient | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Novel coronavirus 2019, also known as SARS COV2, is an enveloped non segmented ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. During the covid19 epidemic, acute ischemic stroke is still a major concern [1]. Thrombectomy is also important in the treatment of acute stroke victims. A woman with COVID 19 presented with symptoms of altered state of consciousness (ASOC), cough, fever, dysarthria, right-sided bodily weakness, and large bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)/ anterior. In the presence of coronavirus infection, our case was exceptional in that it revealed severe central nervous system (CNS) impairment. There have been a few examples of patients developing a stroke after contracting COVID 19.

Aims: Clinicians should be aware of various causes of unconsciousness in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID 19), especially since delirium appears to be a prevalent consequence. They should also look at the link between stroke and COVID 19 and how it affects mortality.

Presentation of a Case: A 70-year-old woman reported to us with stroke symptoms such as ASOC, right-sided bodily weakness, dysarthria, and pneumonia symptoms such as slight cough and fever, which subsequently turned out to be COVID 19. Clinicians should be aware of various causes of unconsciousness in patients with coronavirus illness (COVID 19), especially as delirium appears to be a prevalent consequence, in order to learn more about the link between stroke and COVID 19 and how it affects mortality.

Discussion: Bilateral ischemic stroke is a rare occurrence in the general population, and it is usually caused by a cardiac embolic condition such as atrial fibrillation or a recent myocardial infarction. Despite the fact that this patient had pre-existing stroke risk factors such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and advanced age, her electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm.

Conclusion: COVID-19 could be a stroke risk factor or exacerbating factor.

Author(S) Details

Mahpara Nawazish
Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Sana Iqbal
Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

Mujeeb Ur Rehman Abid Butt
Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V13/article/view/5033

Simultaneous Isolation of Chryseobacterium gleum from a Case of Blood Stream Infection and Pneumonia: A Rare Isolate| Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

 Chryseobacterium gleum is a gram-negative, non-fermentative pathogen with catalase and oxidase activity that is becoming a multidrug-resistant pathogen in health-care settings, particularly in cases of bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia. Only a few Chryseobacterium species have been identified so far. Given the high mortality rates associated with these pathogens, quick and accurate identification methods are critical for improving patient care. We present a case of bloodstream infection and pneumonia in a 60-year-old female patient with k/c/o CKD/ Type 2 DM/ HTN/ CAD who was admitted to the emergency room with a high-grade fever. For the past ten days, I've been suffering from shortness of breath, and for the last three days, I've been out of breath. Chryseobacterium gleum was isolated from two paired blood cultures and an ET culture with identical susceptibility patterns for Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Colistin, as well as susceptibility to Levofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, and Minocycline. The patient's clinical condition improved after starting on Levofloxacin. Extraction of a rare isolate called Chryseobacterium gleum from both the bloodstream and the lower respiratory tract at the same time is extremely rare. Because of the inherent resistance to Carbapenems and Colistin, early laboratory detection is required to guide effective antibiotic therapy, thereby reducing the risk of health-care-associated infections.

Author (S) Details

Dr. M. Shabnum
Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.


P. Sreenivasulu Reddy
Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. Vasundhara
Department of Microbiology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V15/article/view/1958

Pre-operative Pulmonary Assessment and Risk Factors for Post-operative Pulmonary Complications in Elective Abdominal Surgery in Nigeria | Chapter 3 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 4

Post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are recurring causes of rising morbidity and mortality in surgeries. This study sought to evaluate pre-operative risk factors for PPCs in abdominal surgery patients in Nigeria. This was a prospective study in patients booked for surgery in 2014. Biodata, medical history, pre-operative respiratory and cardiovascular examination findings, body mass index, serum albumin, serum urea, ventilatory function, chest x-rays and oxygen saturation were obtained. The association between pre-operative variables and PPCs was determined. The pre-operative spirometry was predominantly restrictive (62%). Overall, the prevalence of PPCs was 52%. This included non-productive cough (14%), isolated productive cough (10%), productive cough with abnormal chest finding (16%), pneumonia (8%), pleural effusion (5%), ARDS (2%). Percentage predicted FEV1 and FVC were lower in participants with PPCs. (p= 0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). Pre-operative cough, shortness of breath and consolidation were associated with PPCs (p< 0.05). Post-operative respiratory rate and pulse rate in participants with PPCs were higher than the values in those without PPCs (p=0.03 and p=0.05). The prevalence of PPCs was high in this study. Preoperative cough, shortness of breath, consolidation, abnormally low percentage predicted FEV1 and FVC were associated with PPCs. 

Author(s) Details
Chinyelu Uchenna Ufoaroh
Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Prince Udegbunam Ele
Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria

Arthur Ebelenna Anyabolu
Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria

Emeka Hyacinth Enemuo
Department of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria.

Chiemelu Dickson Emegoakor
Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.

Chinedu Christian Okoli
Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

Eric Okechukwu Umeh
Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu
Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Imo State University, Nigeria

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/167