Management of Obstetrical Urological Emergencies |Chapter 5 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 3

Urological emergencies during pregnancy, though rare, can pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Because of changes in the body during pregnancy, conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs), pyelonephritis, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, and obstructive uropathy need to be carefully managed. This systematic review aims to evaluate the management strategies, diagnostic challenges, and clinical outcomes associated with urological emergencies in pregnant women. This study is an article review of existing peer-reviewed literature on the management of urological emergencies in pregnant women. The time of study is from October 2024 to March 2025. The extracted data were analysed using tools such as the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis was performed. Various diagnostic techniques, including ultrasound and MRI, as well as treatment options, with a focus on ensuring maternal and fetal safety, were analysed. The findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggest recommendations for improving clinical practices in managing these emergencies. Minimally invasive interventions, including ureteral stents and percutaneous nephrostomy, may offer safer alternatives to traditional surgical approaches. The review concludes with a call for standardised guidelines and further research into the long-term outcomes for both mother and fetus. Advancements in imaging technology, such as high-resolution ultrasound and MRI, can enhance early detection while minimising risks to fetal development. The role of artificial intelligence and predictive analytics in diagnosing urological conditions during pregnancy should be explored to   improve accuracy and efficiency. IN addition to the early intervention, especially fetal minor invasive procedures would enhance its clinical relevance and impact.

 

Author (s) Details

Osman Suliman
Department of Clinical Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Nawal Mohammed
Department of Clinical Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Faris Almahdi
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Sara Altom
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ibrahim Hassan
Department of Basic Sciences, Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al-Rayan National Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Emad Alsaedi
Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, AL -Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

 

Riham Abd Elmagid
Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

 

Rana Abd Elmagid
Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v3/5305

Applications and Advances of Ultrasound in Food Processing | Chapter 5 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

 Ultrasound is a sound wave that can propagate parallel or perpendicular to the direction of travel through a material. Ultrasound treatment involves transmitting energy at frequencies above 20 kHz. Currently, ultrasound is utilized in food processing for various applications beyond preservation, including degassing, foam control, mixing, emulsification, homogenization, extraction and meat tenderization. At high intensities, ultrasound exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it a potential method for food preservation. However, one of its limitations is that the intensity required for microbial inactivation can also cause physical changes in food. Ultrasound induces cavitation, and localized heating may lead to the formation of free radicals. Nevertheless, low-intensity ultrasound shows promise when integrated into combination preservation strategies. Additionally, high-intensity ultrasound, when combined with other preservation technologies, is effective in inactivating heat-resistant microbial spores. Despite its potential, ultrasound has not yet been widely adopted for monitoring food processing operations due to scalability issues.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vinay G M
Department of Food Processing Technology, College of Food Processing Technology and Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110, India.

 

Pathiam Srilatha
Department of Food Processing Technology, College of Food Processing Technology and Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110, India.

 

Bhanu Kumar
Department of Food Processing Technology, College of Food Processing Technology and Bioenergy, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388110, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4536

The Definition and Diagnosis of Complicated Appendicitis | Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

The definition of complicated appendicitis has been an area of concern due to the absence of any universal consensus. Complicated appendicitis often means perforation of the appendix with either peritonitis, abscess, or mass formation. The diagnosis of complicated appendicitis is another area where there is no consensus and there is no one investigation that can diagnose this condition. Diagnosis often involves the use of clinical examinations, laboratory parameters, and imaging modalities. In this study, the definition and diagnosis of complicated appendicitis were discussed.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kumar H.R
Department of Surgery, Taylor’s University School of Medicine and Health Science, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4365

Bacterial Pneumonia Diagnosis among Children through Sono-Elastography: An Ultrasound Quantitative Non-Invasive Measurement Approach | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 This division aims to provide an overview of pleura sono-elastography (SE) technical aspects, and to survey its potential usefulness as a non-obtrusive diagnostic technique for severe lower respiratory tract contaminations (ALRTI) in children by implementing an bland image acquisition obligation. Nowadays, lung ultrasonography (LUS) is win standard for diagnosing lung diseases to a degree ALRTI. Its routine application has displaced chest radiography and it has resulted in a meaningful decrease in children's radiation uncovering.  Despite its proven usefulness, there are positions in which quantitative calculations could provide supplementary data to differentiate the study of animal of some pulmonary processes and thus fit the treatment. We have seen that this distinction could be improved by adjoining another quantitative diagnostic test, in the way that procalcitonin. In this direction, we believe the all-inclusive measurement of lung stretchiness by SE could improve demonstrative accuracy. In contrast, certain alveolus conditions as pneumonia, frequently influence changed lung fabric stiffness, which concede possibility be measured with novel demonstrative techniques like lung SE. Following in position or time a thorough analysis of the research, it was determined that there is now little research on the use of SE, especially in children, in the search of pulmonary processes.

Author(s) Details:

Carmina Guitart,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Sergi Huerta-Calpe,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Bárbara Salas,
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Emilio J. Inarejos Clemente,
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Mònica Balaguer,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Iolanda Jordan,
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain and Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V7/article/view/12694

Intra-Operative Frozen Section with Histopathological Diagnosis in Surgical Biopsies | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This affiliate aimed to evaluate the depiction and limitations of stopped sections in the intraoperative evaluation of thyroid, bosom, gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system and lower extremities biopsies. Frozen division is a specimen of tissue that has existed quick-frozen, cut by microtome, and tainted immediately for expeditious diagnosis of possible diseased lesions. A specimen processed in this place manner is not acceptable for detailed study of the cells, but it is valuable cause it is quick and gives the surgeon next information regarding the virulence of a piece of fabric. Frozen section plays an important duty in the management of surgical patients still it must be used cautiously to avoid the indiscriminate habit of this important method.A cross-sectional study of stopped sections was done over a ending of one and half year. All Intraoperative stopped sections of bosom, thyroid, and gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system tumours performed at Asram medical institution of higher education, Eluru over a period of individual and half years from 2013 to 2014 were studied. Fine tease aspiration cytology, stopped and biopsy acted for various tumours in thyroid, breast, stomachic, ovary, CNS and lower limb were studied.Out of 21 cases, 19 cases of stopped sections coexisted with histopathological diagnosis and 20 cases of fine annoy aspiration cytology coexisted with histopathological diagnosis. In our study demonstrative accuracy for bosom specimens was 50%.False negative result in stopped section in our study was that of intraductal/in situ malignant growth of breast.Frozen portion aides the surgeon to select the best therapeutic approach and in speedy diagnosis of a unhealthy process. Newer techniques like MRI scan, CT scan, ocular imaging, intra-active cytology, and immunohistochemistry methods are also helpful in diagnosing cancers.

Author(s) Details:

Gudeli Vahini,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

B. A. Ramakrishna,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Suma Kaza,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

N. Rama Murthy,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12477

Efficacy of Combination of PRP and Stem Cell Application on Ultrasound and MRI Findings in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis | Chapter 8 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 This phase's objective is to assess the belongings of platelet-rich plasma analysis combined with mesenchymal stem containers derived from autologous fatty tissue on ultrasonography and magnetic reverberation imaging for the situation of knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis is the second leading cause of disadvantage in the elderly after heart failure. Osteoarthritis of the knee most influences mobility. Severe knee osteoarthritis is the cause of restriction for many patients, increasing the healing costs of the family and people. 30 patients, 26 females, 4 men, mean age 58.63 ± 11.11, mean disease duration 5.3 ± 4.6 age, respectively 60 knee intersections were diagnosed accompanying osteoarthritis at stage II - III according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classifications. After ultrasound and magnetic reverberation imaging in the first time, all cases were injected accompanying platelet-rich plasma combined accompanying mesenchymal stem cells from autologous fatty tissue into two together knee joints. After situation 12 months by platelet-rich plasma injection linked with mesenchymal stem cells from similar adipose fabric: The thickness of articular cartilage on ultrasound raised significantly from 2.08±0.36mm to 2 ,48±0.36 mm with p<0.05. There were 52 intersections with raised cartilage thickness, equivalent to 86.67%. The surface of articular piece of animate skeleton on magnetic resonance comprehensively positions of the knee joint has upgraded, the difference was statistically significant. Particularly, the patellar joint upgraded from 1.56 ± 0.25 mm to 1.64 ± 0.21 mm with p < 0.05. Mesenchymal stem cells from similar adipose tissue were favorably used in the situation of knee osteoarthritis to increase cartilage girth on ultrasound and magnetic resonance, as a consequence enhancing the patella joint's motor function.

Author(s) Details:

Truong Sinh Cao,
Vinh Medical University Hospital, Vinh City, Vietnam.

Tuan Nguyen Viet,
Vinh Medical University Hospital, Vinh City, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V6/article/view/12145

New Standardized Loco-Regional Anesthesia Based for Dacryocystorhinostomy: Role for Blunt Canula Ultrassonographic Guided | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Epiphora is a universal ophthalmologic problem that frequently demands referral to an oculoplastic specialist. If the lower lacrimonasal channel is completely obstructed, however, there can be mild to severe snags that necessitate surgery to specify a new drainage path. The surgical process used at the institutions place this study was conducted, the outside dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon intubation, had better long-term results. This item presents a revision of 218 consecutive cases from December 2016 to June 2021 in two specific centers with the same patterned surgical and anesthetic technique. In this phase, 242 surgical prontuaries were selected, with 218 contents the inclusion tests. 13% of patients required supplementary anaesthetic infusion superior to surgery, 2.7% required field sleep-inducing or numbing drug infusion during section, and 6.4% required supplementary temperance, indicating a definite outcome because the number of subjects with intraoperative complaints was reduced and overall comfort was high. After 24 hours, no patient required pain drug, according to the follow-up.This study desires that the presented technique is possible as an outpatient process with minimal, gentle, and tolerable side effects.

Author(s) Details:

Hugo C. T. Siqueira,
Department of Anesthesiology, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados (CEPOA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital do Olho (HO) Julio Candido de Brito, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.

Clarissa M. M. Stoffel de Siqueira,
Department of Ophthalmology, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados (CEPOA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Marlon Miguel Bianchi de Lima,
Department of Ophthalmology, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados (CEPOA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Leonardo T. C. Lins,
Department of Oculoplastics, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados (CEPOA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Hospital do Olho (HO) Julio Candido de Brito, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9953

A Comparative Study on Preprocedure Ultrasound-Guided Midline Spinal Anaesthesia and Conventional Landmarks Technique | Chapter 13 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 This study is proposed to effectively and correctly identify the physical landmarks of neuraxial blockade, so that improve the productiveness and safety of sleep-inducing or numbing drug anaesthesia. Furthermore, we proposed to familiarize the anaesthesiologist accompanying the process of using ultrasound to get successful neuraxial anaesthesia and induced sleep, Moreover, to minimize the complexities and to overcome any expected and unanticipated trouble. Ultrasound (US) can be secondhand effectively and correctly to identify the anatomical milestones of neuraxial blockade, in consideration of improve the security and efficacy of sleep-inducing or numbing drug anaesthesia.The study was acted in Zagazig University Hospital. Hundred and four ASA classes I and II adult cooperative sufferers of both sexes were due for surgery in the lower part of the frame under neuraxial blockade.It was found that there was a statistically important difference 'tween the PS and CL groups in terms of the number of attempts, the number of tease passes (bone striking), the success rate of the first attempt at a dural puncture, and the overall time necessary to conduct the method.Ultrasound counseling enhances the benefit rate of midline spinal induced sleep. It decreases the number of attempts needed, increases the accomplishment rate of a single annoy pass, and shortens the time to dural puncture. More research is wanted to determine the duty of ultrasound-guided neuraxial block in extreme-risk populations in the way that the obese, aging, and patients with sleep-inducer deformity. Thereby, we hope that we can include ultrasound into everyday practice alternatively performing separate ultrasound examinations.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Anwer Rifky,
Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Mohamed Mowafy Khattab,
Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Ayman Fathy Zeid,
Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Ahmed Sobhy Hegab,
Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.               

Basmah Ahmed Abdelrahman Alrobaa,
Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V1/article/view/9630

An Overview of Ultrasound-guided Peribulbar Block with Blunt Canula for Cataract Surgery| Chapter 11 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 7

 Cataract medical procedure is individual of ultimate common processes performed general. There are miscellaneous alternatives for sleep-inducing or numbing drug management, accompanying so many determinants doing the choice of some likely method, based on the necessities of the patient, the selections of the physician, and the bland abilities and processes. Despite being more obtrusive than topic induced absence of feeling and bearing conceivably hazardous aftereffects, peribulbar block is an efficient and active method. Peribulbar sleep is predominantly took advantage of for eye section, in many subspecialities, as glaucoma, corneal, vitreo-retinal and cataract incision. The use of a blunt canula and ultrasound counseling grant permission enhance the security pattern for this arrangement. From February 2016 to January 2022, 1089 consecutive cases of subjects withstanding waterfall incision under peribulbar induced absence of feeling accompanying blunt canula and ultrasound guidance were inspected. There were 1318 surgical records preferred, accompanying 1089 conference the addition criteria. There was better predominance of the girlish grammatical rules applying to nouns that connote sex or animateness (54%), accompanying the middle age of 64.3 (28-102) years. Mean IAV was 2.9mL (sd 0,16mL, 2.5 – 3.0mL), accompanying total HOS 91.1%; OR to reach G2 or above each (ISB/IMB) was 11.0; CA was 47.9%, accompanying mean FAV of 4.29mL (sd 2.17mL, 2.5-15mL); In 8.9% inmates, HOS commit not be adequately noticed. ISB, IMB, CA e FAV were deliberate to two together groups (non-HOS and HOS-only). OR for CA (non-HOS/HOS-only) was 126.21. There was no process respite on account of an sleep-related unfavorable occurrence. This study plans that the depicted method is possible in an outpatient background, accompanying depressed, gentle, and acceptable side effects.

Author(s) Details:

Hugo Camara Tinoco de Siqueira,
Escola Carioca de Anestesia Oftalmológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Hospital do Olho Julio Candido de Brito, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.

Clarissa Maria Motta Stoffel de Siqueira,
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Marlon Miguel Bianchi de Lima,
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Leonardo Teixeira Carneiro Lins,
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Oculistas Associados, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil and Hospital do Olho Julio Candido de Brito, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V7/article/view/9323

Pediatric Pancreatitis: Demography, Etiology, Complications and Ultrasound Findings in a Tertiary Care Centre| Chapter 6 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 9

 Pancreatitis is more uncommon in youngsters and youths than in grown-ups, and the causes in grown-ups and kids are unique. The goal was to concentrate on demography, etiology, entanglements and detail ultrasound discoveries in pediatric pancreatitis. Reflectively, 20 patients were assessed for socioeconomics, etiology, difficulties, and transabdominal ultrasound discoveries showing a typical show in the 10-to 15-year-advanced age bunch with transcendently female patients. Intense and ongoing pancreatitis were noted in two and eighteen cases, separately. Idiopathic reason and ongoing variation most normally seen in our review populace. Pseudocyst and ascites were the most well-known confusions of pancreatitis tracked down in our review. Ultrasound is a significant first-line test that can be utilized in the finding, grouping, and follow-up of pediatric pancreatitis.

Author(s) Details:

Bhawana D. Sonawane,
Radiology Department, Government Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Prashant U. Titare,
Radiology Department, Government Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Pradip B. Rathod,
Radiology Department, Government Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Narendra G. Tembhekar,
Radiology Department, Government Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Aarti Anand,
Radiology Department, Government Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V9/article/view/8013

Determining the Effects of Molar Ratio, Alkali Catalyst Concentration and Temperature on Transesterification of Jatropha Oil| Chapter 10 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol.3

Author(s) Details: Among novel strategies to complete transesterification of the Jatropha oil, Ultrasound Assisted Transesterification is quite possibly of the best method as far as decrease in process time and phases of the biodiesel cycle. On the change of Jatropha oil to biodiesel, the impacts of interaction factors including the impetus stacking, the methanol to oil molar proportion, response temperature, and response term were analyzed. The situation being what it is of 50°C, a methanol to oil molar proportion of 9:1, a response season of 30 min, and an impetus amount (impetus/oil) of 1% wt%, the transformation was north of 93%. This examination presents a motor examination of the transesterification of Jatropha oil involving ultrasonic helped blend and presents a defense for its pertinence for first request response. The inferred rate condition is likewise shown.



Amish P. Vyas,
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.

Jaswant L. Verma,
Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai, India.

Late Nandula Subrahmanyam,
Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V3/article/view/7969

Remediation of Olive Industry Wastes via Sonication and Nano-metal Oxides | Chapter 6 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 10

 

 In Izmir, Turkey, researchers looked at the effects of nano-sized metal oxides, especially titanium dioxide (TiO2), nickel oxide (NiO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), on the ultrasonic of olive mill effluent wastewater (OMW). Investigations were done on the removals of CODdis, total phenol, colour, and TAAs as US times and temperatures increased. Phenols are among the several organic pollutants in OMW that are regarded as the main pollutants since they are detrimental to humans, animals, and plants. Investigated were the US systems for cleaning up contaminants from the OMW. It was possible to identify the polyphenols, total aromatic amines, and their metabolites. Investigated were the effects of nano TiO2, nano NiO, and nano ZnO on the elimination of CODdis, colour, total phenol, and TAAs in the OMW. At 25oC, 150 minutes of US alone removed 61% of the dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdis), 50% of the total phenol, 61% of the total aromatic amines (TAAs), and 66% of the colour. Throughout the US, elimination of 90 percent of the maximum TAAs, 97 percent of the total phenol, 94 percent of the colour, and 97 percent of the CODdis was accomplished with 5 mg/l nanosized ZnO, 4 mg/l nanosized TiO2, and 4 mg/l nanosized TiO2, respectively.

Author(s) Details:
 
Delia Teresa Sponza,

Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca/Izmir, Turkey.

Rukiye Oztekin

Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca/Izmir, Turkey.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V10/article/view/7719

Study on Persistent Symptomatic and Functional Improvement of Hands Osteoarthritis Post Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 13 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 This study aims to see if a potential cellular biological therapy could assist patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) regulate their symptoms and recover hand function, allowing them to perform more activities of daily living and work more comfortably. OA of the hands is a tough illness to diagnose and treat. Analgesics, anti-inflammatory medicines, and hand exercises are commonly used to treat OA. In extreme situations, surgery is required, which may include joint repair, replacement, or fusion, depending on the affected location. We present the example of a 66-year-old woman who has suffered from symptomatic hand OA for six years, affecting her everyday activities and job as an aromatherapist. She had a good response to adipose-derived autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which we performed under ultrasound guidance after a digital nerve block for the second through fifth distal interphalangeal joints on both sides. The improvements began one month after the stem cell implants, with the greatest effect occurring ten months after the therapy, which persisted for the rest of the patient's life. In comparison to the baseline x-ray, a fourteen-month follow-up x-ray demonstrated no radiological advancement of OA in the treated joints. She continued to appreciate the simple pleasures of daily life and employment. Despite the consistent response, she decided to take a booster dosage of MSC therapy to keep her function and prevent OA progression. This instance had good clinical and functional outcomes, with no further OA joint deterioration on x-rays, indicating a viable therapy for hand OA that no other existing medical treatment has been able to achieve thus far.

Author(S) Details

Hassan Mubark
Department of Rheumatology, Auckland Regenerative Clinic, Ormiston Specialist Centre, New Zealand.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V3/article/view/5474

Agenesis of Right Lobe of Liver: A Rare Case Report | Chapter 21 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 In the absence of past disease or surgery, agenesis of the right lobe of the liver is described as the absence of liver tissue on the right side with preservation of the main hepatic vein. The right hepatic lobe agenesis is an uncommon congenital abnormality identified by coincidence during a radiologic test. A 22-year-old lady appeared with abdominal distension and was suspected of having liver cirrhosis, which we discuss. She was examined, and imaging tests revealed that the right lobe of her liver was missing. Agenesis of the right lobe of the liver is a very unusual congenital defect.

Author(S) Details

Vasudha Ravindra Nikam
Department of Anatomy, DY Patil Medical College, Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Balkrishna Shankar Kitture
I-LAB Ichalkaranji and Eureka Diagnostic Centre, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V12/article/view/4687

Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm in Post Renal Transplantation | Chapter 09 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Renal artery pseudoaneurysm is a very uncommon complication of kidney transplantation that frequently results in graft loss. A medical, urological, or vascular problem can occur in about 10% of patients having kidney transplantation. The fact that there are just a few small series of individuals with pseudoaneurysm after kidney transplantation, as well as solitary case reports in the present literature, suggests that it is uncommon. The aetiology, occurrence, indications for repair, treatment choices, and prognosis of eliciting the aetiology, occurrence, indications for repair, treatment options, and prognosis of eliciting the aetiology, occurrence, and prognosis of elicit Because imaging is so important, we'd want to share our little experience with pseudoaneurysm after kidney transplant. Ultrasonography and colour Doppler can quickly detect pseudoneurysm. Based on our research and the findings of our series, we have come to the following conclusions: The anastomotic pseudoaneurysm should be discovered as soon as possible; this condition can only be treated with regular ultrasound surveillance during post-transplant follow-up. Conservative operations should be considered in individuals who are in good health, have good graft function, and show no indications or symptoms of infection. The current documented treatment options include open surgical repair, endovascular repair, and ultrasound guided percutaneous thrombin injection. Pseudoaneurysm can result in allograft loss and the necessity for allograft nephrectomy, which can be catastrophic. The most crucial elements in a patient's survival are likely to be early diagnosis and timely surgery. A follow-up clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation verified the patient's successful treatment management.

Author(S) Details

Kajal N. Patel
Department of Radiology, G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre (IKDRC), Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (ITS), Ahmedabad, 380016, Gujarat, India.

Shruti Mehta
Department of Radiology, G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre (IKDRC), Dr. H. L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences (ITS), Ahmedabad, 380016, Gujarat, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V7/article/view/4534

Study on Preoperative Predictive Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Appendectomy | Chapter 19 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 The surgical removal of the appendix is referred to as an appendectomy. The appendectomy procedure can be performed laparoscopically or openly. It must be done right away, or the organ would burst, allowing bacteria and faecal particles to spread throughout the abdomen. Patients can resume normal activity in less time with laparoscopy than they can with open appendectomy. Patients experienced much less postoperative discomfort and had a better cosmetic outcome.

In this study, we used history and clinical evaluations, preoperative laboratory data, ultrasonography findings, and intraoperative findings to try to determine predictors of difficult appendectomy.

Materials and Procedures: The study was conducted at the Sarojini Naidu Medical College in Agra.

All patients who had a laparoscopic appendectomy between January 1st, 2016 and June 30th, 2017 were included in the study.

Patient history, physical examination, laboratory data, ultrasonography (USG) findings, and intra-operative information were all recorded on a thorough Performa.

A difficult appendectomy was defined as a laparoscopic appendectomy that took more than 120 minutes and was converted to an open surgery due to difficulty rather than complications during the procedure. Severe adhesion was thought to be a tough appendectomy case.

Results: We discovered that age > 60 years, history of previous lower abdominal surgery, time from onset to operation > 24 hours, acute appendicitis, and periappendicular collection can all be used to predict the difficulty of a laparoscopic appendectomy prior to surgery.

Conclusion: Few studies have been conducted to determine the predictors of difficult appendectomy, and further study is needed to do so.

Author(S) Details

Anubhav Goel
Department of Surgery, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ankur Bansal
Department of Surgery, S. R. Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Anil Baliyan
Department of Surgery, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V6/article/view/4545

Estimation of Placental Thickness with Gestational age in Second &Third Trimester-An Ultrasonographic Study | Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The placenta is a vital part of the fetus's health in utero, as it is responsible for the fetus's regular growth and development. The measurement of the placenta can therefore detect if the fetus's growth is impaired. Our goal was to discover the typical range of placental thickness and its relationship to gestational age in the second and third trimesters. 100 pregnant women between the 14th and 38th weeks of pregnancy were sent to the department of Radiodiagnosis in collaboration with the department of Anatomy from prenatal clinics. Routine prenatal ultrasonography was performed on females under the age of 35 who had no medical problems. The experiment was conducted on a seimen Acuson 300 ultrasound machine with a 3.5MHZ convex probe. In both the longitudinal and transverse directions, the placental thickness was assessed at the level of umbilical cord implantation. The Biparital Diameter, Head Circumference, Abdominal Circumference, and Femur Length are used to establish the ultrasonic gestational age. The mean value of placental thickness and its standard deviation were computed for various gestational weeks and statistically compared with gestational age to determine an association. The maximum mean placental thickness is 19.823.42 at 19 weeks of pregnancy and 38.90.04 at 38 weeks of pregnancy, with a significant positive association between placental thickness and gestational age of r=0.82 and r=0.79 in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Because of its linear correlation, placental thickness can be employed as an accurate sonographic indicator in determining gestational age.

Author (S) Details

Archana Sinha
Department of Anatomy, Noida International Institute of Medical Science ,Noida at U.P., India.

Pratishtha Potdar
Department of Anatomy, Noida International Institute of Medical Science ,Noida at U.P., India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3105

Determination of Portal Vein Diameter and Velocity Using Ultrasound | Chapter 6 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 This study used ultrasound to establish standards for normal portal vein diameter and portal venous velocity, which can aid in the early detection of portal hypertension, as well as to develop an indigenous index for healthy Sudanese that correlates with body characteristics such as age, gender, weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC). The study's importance lies in its ability to aid in the early detection of portal hypertension in order to avoid complications. In addition, to lower the cost and duration of the examination. The information was gathered and evaluated with the use of Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS). Duplex ultrasound exams were performed on 100 patients (49 male and 51 female) with normal abdominal scans in Khartoum Bahri Hospital, Khartoum State, between May and December 2015. (hypertension, DM and patient who has chronic liver disease are exclusion criteria). The results revealed that the most common age group was 20 to 29 years old, accounting for 33% of the sample volume, the most common body weight was 60 to 69 kg, accounting for 38%, the body height was 160 to 169% cm in 39%, and the abdominal circumference was 70-79 cm in 30% of the patients. As a result, we discovered that whereas portal vein diameter increases with age and weight, male and female values are similar. There was no discernible link between portal vein diameter, height, and belly circumference (AC). The patient's portal vein diameter and portal vein velocity were shown to have a highly significant correlation (increased velocity with decreasing diameter), which was expected and consistent with earlier research. The investigation also discovered a link between the Sudanese portal vain diameter and velocity and the international norm.

The researchers suggested that more research be done to determine the relationship between normal portal vein width and velocity and liver size.

Author (s) Details

Maram Mohammed Fathi Ahmed
Inaya Medical Colleges, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V1/article/view/2785

Studies on the Use of Bone Growth Stimulators in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis | Chapter 2 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 The Use of Bone Growth Stimulators in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Background: The goal of this research was to explore if using Ultrasound Bone Growth Stimulators for knee osteoarthritis was beneficial. There is evidence that osteoarthritis of the knee is primarily a subchondral bone disease accompanied with joint changes. Osteoarthritis of the knee may be treated with bone growth stimulators because it contains fibrous tissue in the subchondral bone, and bone growth stimulators function by transforming fibrous tissue in the callus of fracture nonunion into normal bone. The participants in this pilot trial were ten patients with verified osteoarthritis of the knee. Before and after therapy with noninvasive bone growth stimulators, each patient's pain and quality of life were rated on three different scales. A total of eight patients were treated with ultrasound, one with pulsed electromagnetic fields, and one with combined magnetic fields. Nine of the eleven statistical tests performed on three different scales for ultrasound had a high level of significance. The complete scores on all three assessment scales improved by more than 80% for the participants who were treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields and combined magnetic fields.

On three separate scales for ultrasound, nine of the eleven statistical tests exhibited a high level of significance. The subjects who were treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields and coupled magnetic fields increased their overall scores on all three evaluation scales by more than 80%.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Breanna Willeford
Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA.

Sierra Willeford
Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine- Carolinas Campus, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V10/article/view/2539

Differential Diagnosis of Focal Hepatic Lesions Using Ultrasound Confirmed with Histopathology: Recent Advancement | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 Over the last few decades, advances in imaging technologies have helped to better characterise hepatic abnormalities. The goal of this study was to distinguish localised hepatic lesions based on ultrasound (U/S) features and compare the results to histology. A descriptive retrospective research of 100 patients with localised hepatic lesions was conducted at King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia, from 2012 to 2019. Adult Saudi patients aged 18 and up met the inclusion criteria. The investigation used LG-9 and Philips ultrasound equipment with 3.5 MHz transducers. The 55 to 80 year old age group accounted for 44% of the total, with a mean age of 49 years and 92 percent of married people. In histology, 86 percent of well-defined lesions margins were benign (p=0.00), 61 percent of ill-defined margin lesions were malignant (p=0.02), and 73 percent of hyperechoic lesions were hemangioma (p=0.02). When it came to the nature of hepatic lesions during U/S, 87 percent of solid lesions (p=0.03) were malignant, while 89 percent of cystic lesions were benign (p=0.03). Sixty-one percent of hypoechoic lesions were cancerous. Under colour Doppler, 80 percent of vascular lesions were benign. The sensitivity and specificity of the U/S test were 93.5 percent and 98 percent, respectively. U/S is a valuable tool for distinguishing cystic hepatic lesions from solid lesions in the liver. (p=0.03). To create a data base for hepatic lesions, comparable studies with large samples must be conducted in the Taif region. With a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, the majority of chosen hepatic lesions with suspicious characteristics were confirmed as malignant in histopathology.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Rania Mohammed Ahmed
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Ms. Sharifah Alkathiri
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Ms. Waad Altalhi
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Ms. Hatun Eid
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Ms. Manar Alshalawi
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Ms. Sara Alotaibi
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, KSA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V9/article/view/2237