Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on Horn Cancer in Bovines | Chapter 6 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

Background: An investigation was carried out on twelve clinical cases of neoplasm of horn in bovines of Durg, Dhamtari and Rajnandgaon districts of Chhattisgarh suspected of bovine horn core carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) revealed the cytology, pathomorphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Pan-cytokeratin (Pan-CK), p53 gene, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p16 gene in tumourous growth at horn in bovines.

 

Results: Eight out of 12 cases (66.66%) were confirmed as SCC of horn on the basis of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Cytological examination of tumours by Papanicolaou staining revealed variation in shape and size of cells and altered nuclear details. Grossly neoplasms of horn revealed unilateral large cauliflower like growths at the base. SCCs were classified as well, moderately and poorly differentiated types on the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Well differentiated SCCs (n=4; 50%) were characterized by severe keratinization of horn epithelium with concentric arrangement forming keratin pearls also called as “cell nests”. Tumour islands of irregular shape observed in the horn epithelium invaded deep into dermis layer. Moderately differentiated SCCs (n=2; 25%) characterized by small keratin pearl formations and mitotic figures. Poorly differentiated SCCs of horn (n=2; 25%) revealed absence of distinctive keratin pearls although deep invasion from primary site was observed. SCC of horn revealed strong immunohistochemical staining of Pan-CK, p53 and EGFR and negative to p16. Highest immunohistochemical expression was observed in Pan-CK which confirmed the tumours were of epithelial origin and EGFR immunoexpression was confirmatory for malignancy and degree of metastasis. Neoplasms were confirmed as SCC by immunoexpression of Pan-CK, EGFR and p53 in malignant tumours including both well and poorly differentiated SCC of horn.

Author(s) Details:

Vivek Kumar,
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg- 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.

Dhananjay Kumar Jolhe,
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg- 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.

Ratan Chandra Ghosh,
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg- 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.

Rukmani Dewangan,
Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg- 491001, Chhattisgarh, India.

Prashant M. Sonkusale,
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fisheries Science University, Nagpur- 440007, Maharashtra, India.

Sonu Sharma,
Dr. Lal Path Labs, Path Vets Veterinary Diagnosis, Chittranjan Park, New Delhi-110019, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13646

The Association between Tumor Cox-2 Expression and Clinico-pathological Characteristics and Treatment Outcome in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx (LSCC) | Chapter 11 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 6

Background: Cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) enzyme catalyses the formation of prostaglandins, which can affect cell proliferation and alter the response of the immune system to malignant cells. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of larynx is widely prevalent in India and is one of the leading cancers in males. Cox-2 expression can be used as a prognostic and predictive marker in laryngeal SCC.

 

Aim: The primary objective of the present study was to determine the association between tumor Cox-2 expression and clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment outcome in patients with LSCC. Secondly, to evaluate the clinical utility of Cox-2 expression as a tool, to decide treatment strategy for LSCC.

 

Methods: A total of 72 surgically treated patients of laryngeal carcinoma enrolled in this study over a time period of 5 years. Tumor Cox-2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry using standard Streptavidin biotin method.

 

Results: Thirty seven patients had pathological node involvement, ipsilateral in 35 and bilateral in two. Cox-2 was intensely expressed in patients with advanced (N2/N3) nodal disease and perineural invasion. There was no significant difference in 5 year disease free survival and overall survival when Cox-2 was correlated with perineural invasion, extra capsular spread and the T and N stage of the disease. The potential of Cox-2 as a prognostic factor and as a target for therapeutic intervention was evaluated in many studies on head and neck cancers. But studies specifically in advanced laryngeal cancers are infrequent. In this study, out of the 35 cases of intense expression of Cox-2, 22 (62.9%) were in T4 stage, showing an increasing trend of its expression as the primary stage advances.

 

Conclusions: Preoperative Cox-2 analysis can be used to individualize need for routine neck dissection in cases of locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma.

Author(s) Details:

Elizabeth Mathew Iype,
Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Rajan Balakrishnan,
Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Lakshmi Subhadradevi,
Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan,
Division of Epidemiolgy, Sreechitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India.

Rajesh Singh,
Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Jayasree K.,
Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V6/article/view/13362

Brush Cytology: A Simple Diagnostic Tool in Oral/Oropharyngeal Lesions with P16 Immunocytochemistry | Chapter 17 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

Background: Oral/Oropharyngeal cancers, particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) comprise about 85% of the head and neck cancers. At present, these cancers constitute the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths around the globe. With the advent of HPV as a causative agent of oral/oropharyngeal cancers associated with good prognosis, the search for adjunctive tests for diagnosis of these lesions have received a great deal of interest.

Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to study the efficacy of brush cytology in the diagnosis of potentially malignant and malignant oral/ oropharyngeal lesions in adjunct with p16INK4a Immunocytochemistry.

Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study performed in a tertiary care hospital in 50 patients attending the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology with suspected oral/oropharyngeal lesions from Jun 2018-January 2020.In all the selected cases, brush cytology material was obtained from the suspicious lesions and subjected to cytological examination. Histopathological examination of the punch biopsy specimens of respective lesions of all the selected cases was done. Cytopathology and histopathology findings were compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated Immunocytochemical staining for p16 was performed. Comparison of clinicopathological parameters with the p16 status was done.

Results: In our series of 50 patients, 35(70%) were males and 15(30%) were females. The age range was 31-90 years with a mean age of 51 years. Using the brush cytology technique, the cases detected were 27(54%) of squamous cell carcinomas, 13(26%) of epithelial dysplasia and 4(8%) of verrucous carcinoma, 4 (8%) leukoplakia, 2 cases were inconclusive. The sensitivity of brush cytology method was found to be 94% and the specificity was 94%, false positive rate was 6% and false negative rate was 6% witha diagnostic accuracy of 94%. Considering p16 as the surrogate marker of HPV infection, it was found to be positive in 28(56%) of cases by ICC. Statistically significant relation was found between the detection of p16 expression by ICC and the cytological diagnosis (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: Brush cytology provides a reliable diagnoses that is consistent with the final histopathological diagnosis. It is an efficacious technique that offers a less invasive and cost effective adjunctive assessment and is also appropriate for monitoring of patients with premalignant/malignant oral lesions in the long run.

Author(s) Details:

Srijana Subba,
District Hospital Namchi, South Sikkim, India.

Chhanda Das,
Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India.

Madhumita Mukhopadhyay,
Department of Pathology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Center & Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V4/article/view/13253

‘Pseudocarcinomatous Changes in Giant Porokeratosis of Mibelli’: Histopathology as a Valuable Asset for Early Recognition of Neoplastic Changes- A Case Report with Review | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Porokeratosis is a clonal growth of keratinocytes which differentiate unusually but not completely neoplastic in type. The various types of porokeratosis are characterized by a thin pillar of parakeratosis, the cornoid lamella, the active border of injury.Porokeratosis is listed as a excellent disease by Orphanet and the Office of Unique Diseases (ORD) of the National Institute of Fitness.Mibelli described the simple form that bears his name (1893). The diagnosis is habitual by histopathological examination. It may be difficult by development of cutaneous malignancies, like squamous container carcinoma (most common in undeviating variant) .Etiopathogenesis of porokeratosis include Ultraviolet light exposure, far-reaching radiation medicine, immunosuppression, transplant procedures, immunodeficiency syndromes, never-ending renal failure, chronic liver ailment, infections, hematological malignancies including lymphomas, Immunological disorder infection and hepatitis C bacterium infection . Recent hypotheses suggest that abnormalities in the mevalonate road are responsible for the pathogenesis of porokeratosis. Irregularities in the genes MVD (mevalonate decarboxylase), mevalonate kinase, PMVK (phosphomevalonate kinase), FDPS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) and solute carrier offspring 17 member 9 (SLC17A9) have been raise to be pathogenic in porokeratosis .This case report addresses a excellent case of giant porokeratosis of Mibelli showing features of pseudoepitheliomatous changes lifting suspicion of future malignant shift possibility that was medicated with surgical excision of wound coupled with systemic and local therapies in spite of the patient was lost to follow-up.

Author(s) Details:

Sushantika,
Department of Dermatology, AIIMS Rishikesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V11/article/view/12888

Intra-Operative Frozen Section with Histopathological Diagnosis in Surgical Biopsies | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This affiliate aimed to evaluate the depiction and limitations of stopped sections in the intraoperative evaluation of thyroid, bosom, gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system and lower extremities biopsies. Frozen division is a specimen of tissue that has existed quick-frozen, cut by microtome, and tainted immediately for expeditious diagnosis of possible diseased lesions. A specimen processed in this place manner is not acceptable for detailed study of the cells, but it is valuable cause it is quick and gives the surgeon next information regarding the virulence of a piece of fabric. Frozen section plays an important duty in the management of surgical patients still it must be used cautiously to avoid the indiscriminate habit of this important method.A cross-sectional study of stopped sections was done over a ending of one and half year. All Intraoperative stopped sections of bosom, thyroid, and gastric, ovarian, central central nervous system tumours performed at Asram medical institution of higher education, Eluru over a period of individual and half years from 2013 to 2014 were studied. Fine tease aspiration cytology, stopped and biopsy acted for various tumours in thyroid, breast, stomachic, ovary, CNS and lower limb were studied.Out of 21 cases, 19 cases of stopped sections coexisted with histopathological diagnosis and 20 cases of fine annoy aspiration cytology coexisted with histopathological diagnosis. In our study demonstrative accuracy for bosom specimens was 50%.False negative result in stopped section in our study was that of intraductal/in situ malignant growth of breast.Frozen portion aides the surgeon to select the best therapeutic approach and in speedy diagnosis of a unhealthy process. Newer techniques like MRI scan, CT scan, ocular imaging, intra-active cytology, and immunohistochemistry methods are also helpful in diagnosing cancers.

Author(s) Details:

Gudeli Vahini,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

B. A. Ramakrishna,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Suma Kaza,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

N. Rama Murthy,
Department of Pathology, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12477

Cervical Lesions Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection after Post-Vaccination: An Observational, Descriptive Study | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 This stage aims to examine the development of lesions caused by HPV contamination in patients after immunization in various occasion periods, taking into account the age 2002 to 2006 (prior to the cure's introduction in Spain), 2009 to 2011 (current introduction of the vaccination), and 2020 to 2021 (age when the vaccine was widely acknowledged) at a specific emergency room. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most superior sexually transmitted bug globally. Persistent extreme-risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical tumor, with 70% of cervical tumor cases associated with extreme-risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a meaningful financial and intellectual burden. This is an observational, descriptive, backward-looking research based on the judgment of the results of the biopsies of patients lesions had connection with HPV infection at a big tertiary emergency room, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, in Madrid, Spain. The data were taken from three various time periods: 2002-2006, 2009-2011, 2020-2021 in consideration of understand the potential alternatives in these lesions after cure introduction. The dossier of 946 women were examined. During these three periods, skilled was noted a curtailing trend in the rate of squamous container carcinoma, a strength in the rate of adenocarcinoma remains, and an growing rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 - 3 (CIN 2-3) lesions. Another remarkable change organized was the mean ages of the patients with these lesions, as these had raised in the three lesions caused by HPV following in position or time the instauration of the cure. Our investigation discloses that the recognition of added high risk serotypes, different from simple 16 and 18, as well as those accompanying indeterminate risk, has sustained a progressive increase (from 24.24% and 14.11% individually in 2002-2006 to 40.42% and 28.34% in 2020-2021). The effectiveness of the vaccines grown so far, against the HPV serotypes they contain has happened proved in our case. The data shows that the occurrence of squamous cell malignant growth in the uterine cervix has curtailed in our community. Parallel to this remark, a raise in the mean age of disease for both squamous cell abnormal growth in animate being and its CIN 2-3 forerunner lesions have been settled, as has a shift in the infective current of HPV serotypes not covered in current vaccines.

Author(s) Details:

Montserrat de la Torre Serrano,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain and Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, Spain.

Ana María Colino Gallardo,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain and Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, Spain.

M. Jesús Fernández Aceñero,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain and Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V2/article/view/12263

Significance of Clinico-Pathological Correlation of Various Ear Masses – A Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Gujarat| Chapter 12 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

 Introduction:  A good number of cases of attention masses are pinpointed by clinical facts alone, but in a significant number of cases, histopathological equating is needed for correctly diagnosing the condition. Therefore, all types of small crowd in the ear demand incisional or excisional biopsy accompanying histopathological examination.Aims and Objectives: The study was aimed at aware the distribution of attention masses in miscellaneous age groups and different genders and appearance the histo-pathological range of ear masses.Methodology: A study of 50 victims attending the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department was approved, and specimens were calm from them and assign histopathological examination. These crowd were further classified as inflammatory, mild, and malignant lesions, and the repetitiveness of their occurrence in the Saurashtra domain of Gujarat (Western India), their age and sex allocation were observed.Observations: The most average lesions were inflammatory polyps, followed by cholesteatomas and never-ending non-specific inflammations. Squamous container carcinoma was ultimate common type of diseased lesion, trailed by embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma; carcinoid tumour and nevus were recognized on histopathological examination in favorable lesions.Right-side masses were more coarse than left-side public, and males were more overwhelmed than females.Conclusion: Ear masses influence all age groups, but males are troubled more than women. Adolescents and children were more afflicted by benign lesions than men, while the opposite was true for malignant lesions.

Author(s) Details:

Neeru M. Agarwal,
Department of Pathology, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

V. C. Popat,
Department of Pathology, M. P. Shah Govt. Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Atul Shrivastav,
Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V2/article/view/9022

A Retrospective Clinicopathological Study of Cervical Cancer | Chapter 9 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

 Cervical cancer remains the most common gynaecological cancer among women in developing countries.

The purpose of this study was to look at the clinical presentation and histological pattern of cervix carcinoma over the course of three years.

The research was done backwards.

The patients were mostly in their 40s and 50s.

The patients were mostly in stage III of the disease. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histological pattern. Radiotherapy was used in conjunction with chemotherapy as a treatment option.

Conclusion: The findings show that the screening programme is ineffective at detecting preinvasive stages of cervix carcinoma. The preinvasive stage should be diagnosed early through screening and treated appropriately.

Author (S) Details

Gopalakrishna Nandini
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Karnataka, India.

Jessica C. Fernandes
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Karnataka, India.

Punuru Sindhu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V16/article/view/3783

Pigmented Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Rare Histopathological Variant | Chapter 20 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3

 Clear cell SCC, signet ring SCC, basaloid SCC, desmoplastic SCC, verrucous and pigmented SCC are just a few of the histologic variations of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The oral mucosa is a common site of origin for pigmented SCC, which is a rare histologic variation.

Author (S) Details

Manjit Kaur Rana
Department of Pathology, Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bathind, India.

Amrit Pal Singh Rana
Department of Surgery, GGS Medical College& Hospital (BFUHS), Fridkot, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V3/article/view/3314

Study on CD44 as a Cancer Stem Cell Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

 CD44, a hyaluronic acid cell-surface glycoprotein receptor, has been linked to tumour growth and progression, as well as being used as a Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CD44's prognostic usefulness, on the other hand, is still unknown. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine the role of CD44 in HNSCC by quantifying soluble CD44 levels and correlating them with HNSCC prognosis and treatment. Patients with HNSCC (n=40) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n=30) were randomly selected as cases and controls, respectively. All of the participants provided demographic and health-related information. ELISA was used to determine the levels of sCD44 in the blood of patients and controls. In HNSCC cases, CD44 expression was substantially higher than in healthy people. CD44 expression was shown to be considerably lower in HNSCC cases during and after treatment. CD44 appears to be a critical marker for HNSCC stem cell identification. It is easily detectable in serum and hence has the potential to be utilised as a diagnostic marker. More research could show its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target.

Author (S) Details

Kereena Chukka
Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, AP, India.

B. Sailaja
Department of General Medicine, Government General Hospital/Guntur Medical College, Guntur, AP, India.

D. S. Raju Naidu
Department of Radiotherapy, Guntur Medical College/ Govt. General Hospital, Guntur, AP, India.

Subramanyam Dasari
School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN- 47405, USA.

Vishnuvardhan Zakkula
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, A.P, India.

Gnaneswar Atturu
Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V12/article/view/2698

A Current and Evolving Treatment Landscape on Esophageal Cancer | Chapter 16 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Overall survival for patients with many types of tumours has improved thanks to developments in cutting-edge technology, trendy diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers, and cutting-edge surgical procedures. However, there is a gap between esophageal cancer and the rapid advancements in cancer treatment found in other cancers. The 5-year survival rate for patients with esophageal cancer is just 19.9%, according to statistics from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) [1]. Poor prognosis is most likely attributable to an overabundance of patients with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, as well as the disappointing results of present treatments. The epidemiology and recently revised staging of esophageal and esophagogastric junction tumours will be discussed in this article. Endoscopic resection, surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy will be discussed individually and as components of multimodality treatment. We'll go over how targeted therapy and immunotherapy have changed the treatment environment. Clinical research is shifting away from classic empiric chemotherapy and toward more customised treatments based on molecular oncology and immunotherapy. Further research into prognostic values may aid in determining the best treatment and management strategy for patients with esophageal cancer, with the goal of improving survival. Lessons obtained in epidemiology, molecular genetics, pharmacogenomics, and precision medicine are used to inform clinical trials examining prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy of early and advanced disease.

Author(s) Details

Nicole B. Balmaceda
University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.

Joaquina C. Baranda
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Peter DiPasco
Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.

Weijing Sun
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

John Ashcraft
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Joseph Valentino
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Mazin Al-Kasspooles
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V10/article/view/1127

Critical Study on Topical CuradermBEC5 Therapy for Periocular Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Review of Clinical Outcomes | Chapter 13 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Approximately 5 to 10 percent of all skin cancers occur in the periocular region. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant periocular tumor, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Nonmelanoma skin tumors at the periocular area often cause disfigurement with destruction of soft conjunctival tissue. Many therapeutic methods have been recommended to combat the morbidity and mortality associated with these lesions. Excisions with frozen-section control or Mohs micrographic surgery are regarded as the gold-standard treatments for periocular basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. However, these treatment modalities have various limitations and reconstruction surgery is often associated with these treatment options. The chemotherapeutic agents solasodine rhamnosides in a cream formulation CuradermBEC5 are specific, effective and safe treatments for nonmelanoma skin cancers with excellent cosmesis. The antineoplastic mode of action is by apoptosis. In this review it is shown that CuradermBEC5 also treats periocular basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with impressive cosmetic outcomes and no reconstructive surgery is required. 

Author (s) Details

Bill E.  Cham Australasian Medical Research, Port Vila, Republic of Vanuatu.

View Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/195