A Current and Evolving Treatment Landscape on Esophageal Cancer | Chapter 16 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Overall survival for patients with many types of tumours has improved thanks to developments in cutting-edge technology, trendy diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers, and cutting-edge surgical procedures. However, there is a gap between esophageal cancer and the rapid advancements in cancer treatment found in other cancers. The 5-year survival rate for patients with esophageal cancer is just 19.9%, according to statistics from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) [1]. Poor prognosis is most likely attributable to an overabundance of patients with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, as well as the disappointing results of present treatments. The epidemiology and recently revised staging of esophageal and esophagogastric junction tumours will be discussed in this article. Endoscopic resection, surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy will be discussed individually and as components of multimodality treatment. We'll go over how targeted therapy and immunotherapy have changed the treatment environment. Clinical research is shifting away from classic empiric chemotherapy and toward more customised treatments based on molecular oncology and immunotherapy. Further research into prognostic values may aid in determining the best treatment and management strategy for patients with esophageal cancer, with the goal of improving survival. Lessons obtained in epidemiology, molecular genetics, pharmacogenomics, and precision medicine are used to inform clinical trials examining prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy of early and advanced disease.

Author(s) Details

Nicole B. Balmaceda
University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.

Joaquina C. Baranda
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Peter DiPasco
Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.

Weijing Sun
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

John Ashcraft
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Joseph Valentino
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

Mazin Al-Kasspooles
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Westwood, KS 66205, USA.

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Prevalence of Esophageal Cancer in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Epidemiology and Problems of Complex of Treatment and Care | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 In this chapter, the concerns of esophageal cancer prevalence and the distribution of esophageal cancer mortality rates in Central and Eastern Europe are discussed. Statistical approaches, econometrics, geographical and time series analysis are used to examine esophageal cancer mortality rates. A research of the characteristics of the trends in esophageal cancer death rates in six EU countries and Ukraine is being conducted. The concerns of esophageal cancer prevalence and the geographic distribution of mortality rates from this disease are examined using the NUTS 2 areas in six Central and Eastern European nations as examples (Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary). The geographic distribution of esophageal cancer mortality rates is investigated. It enables us to identify more and less epidemiologically afflicted places, as well as conduct more extensive investigations on the relationship between esophageal cancer death rates and numerous causes. It is emphasised that various factors, such as the environment, socio-demographic characteristics of the population, culture and nature of nutrition, general health status of the population, availability of resources, and level of healthcare in the region, should be taken into account while developing treatment and care complexes and prevention programmes for prevalence.

Author(s) Details

Nadiya Dubrovina
School of Economics and Management in Public Administration in Bratislava, Slovakia.

Valery Boyko
State Institution, V.T. Zaicev Institute of General and Urgency Surgery NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine and Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

Russell Gerrard
Business School (formerly Cass), City, University of London, UK.

Sergiy Savvi
State Institution, V.T. Zaicev Institute of General and Urgency Surgery NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Petro Zamiatin
State Institution, V.T. Zaicev Institute of General and Urgency Surgery NAMS of Ukraine, Ukraine and Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

Denis Zamiatin
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

Ivica Gulášová
Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia.

Yurii Tovkach
Bukovian State Medical University, Ukraine.

Nataliia Yemelyanenko
Bukovian State Medical University, Ukraine.

Bohdana Banul
Bukovian State Medical University, Ukraine.

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