Role of Physiotherapy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review | Chapter 14 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 The aim concerning this study is to review the composition on role of health care specialist in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Infants born prematurely or accompanying any difficulties in chest, neurobehavioral or musculoskeletal environments are admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and distinguished care is taken of these babies according to their condition and complication. The need of the study search out know the various physiotherapy techniques secondhand in different environments and role of health care specialist in NICU. This is a narrative review related to role of health care specialist in neonatal intensive care unit. The drama search was done through miscellaneous search engines like Google scientist, PUBMED, Scihub, Chocraine and Science Direct. The articles in English vocabulary with inattentive to the year was included in the study and was precariously appraised. Total 112 items were screened for the study and 11 items were included in the study established inclusion tests. Among the article were screened, skilled were reviewed. Physiotherapists have alive role in NICU. During prematurity or environments like birth unconsciousness the physiotherapy in form of breast physiotherapy is important to improve the fresh air and reduce work of respiring. Physiotherapy in form of early provocation therapy or multisensory provocation helps in improving the neurobehavioral state of the baby and reduces the risk of any complications/ melancholy in the future or happening of the child.

Author(s) Details:

Dhwani Chanpura,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V3/article/view/11996

Assessment of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in Semi Urban Population: Risk Factors and Clinical Findings | Chapter 21 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 The goal of this study is to look into numerous potential risk factors for the development of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and to figure out how common ROP is in the study population. This one-year prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, with 102 babies meeting the inclusion criteria who were subjected to a complete fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope and followed up until 45 weeks after conception. ROP was shown to be more common in male babies (57.8%), but the difference between male and female babies (42.1%) was not statistically significant. As a result, the findings imply that there are no clear gender-related risk factors in the development of ROP. ROP is the most common cause of preventable childhood blindness in India. The difficulty is simply identifying those who would benefit from vision-saving therapy. Screening and treatment of ROP should begin as soon as possible.

Author(S) Details

Sangamithira Mathiyalagan
Government Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V6/article/view/5695

Estimation of Placental Thickness with Gestational age in Second &Third Trimester-An Ultrasonographic Study | Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The placenta is a vital part of the fetus's health in utero, as it is responsible for the fetus's regular growth and development. The measurement of the placenta can therefore detect if the fetus's growth is impaired. Our goal was to discover the typical range of placental thickness and its relationship to gestational age in the second and third trimesters. 100 pregnant women between the 14th and 38th weeks of pregnancy were sent to the department of Radiodiagnosis in collaboration with the department of Anatomy from prenatal clinics. Routine prenatal ultrasonography was performed on females under the age of 35 who had no medical problems. The experiment was conducted on a seimen Acuson 300 ultrasound machine with a 3.5MHZ convex probe. In both the longitudinal and transverse directions, the placental thickness was assessed at the level of umbilical cord implantation. The Biparital Diameter, Head Circumference, Abdominal Circumference, and Femur Length are used to establish the ultrasonic gestational age. The mean value of placental thickness and its standard deviation were computed for various gestational weeks and statistically compared with gestational age to determine an association. The maximum mean placental thickness is 19.823.42 at 19 weeks of pregnancy and 38.90.04 at 38 weeks of pregnancy, with a significant positive association between placental thickness and gestational age of r=0.82 and r=0.79 in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Because of its linear correlation, placental thickness can be employed as an accurate sonographic indicator in determining gestational age.

Author (S) Details

Archana Sinha
Department of Anatomy, Noida International Institute of Medical Science ,Noida at U.P., India.

Pratishtha Potdar
Department of Anatomy, Noida International Institute of Medical Science ,Noida at U.P., India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3105

Mean Epidermal Thickness from Different Regions of Skin of Human Fetuses of 11-40 Weeks of Gestational Age: A Histometric Study | Chapter 4 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Background: Determining foetal epidermal thickness is important for dermatological study and foetal preterm diagnosis.

The goal of this study was to obtain baseline data on foetal epidermal thickness and, secondarily, to investigate the relationship between GA and epidermal thickness.

Materials and Procedures: Thirty foetuses, ranging in age from 11 to 40 weeks, were chosen for the study. At a four-week interval, they were divided into six groups. The average epidermal thickness was assessed on the belly, interscapular area, scalp, and palm, among other places. The amscope 5MP Aptina MT9P001 was used to do the histometric study.

The average gestational age was 25.67 x 8.45 weeks. The abdominal, interscapular, scalp, and palmar epidermal thicknesses were 21.9 12.9 m (3.41–42.48), 111.21 74.39 m (7.9–214.51), 27.58 13.26 m (11.7–46.2), and 139.73 96.40 m (7.3–280.51), respectively. Based on the ANOVA (P = 1.98E 13 P 0.05 significant) and paired t test of interregional comparison, the epidermal growth pattern of the different regions was significantly different.

Conclusions: There is a substantial positive association between epidermal thickness and GA and anatomical sites. We underline the importance of epidermal thickness as a newborn maturity indicator.

Author (S) Details

Shivani Dhingra
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Adil Asghar
All India Institute of Medial Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2883

Importance of Assessment of Placental Grading at Different Periods of Gestation in PIH Patients for Better Obstetric Outcome | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 14

 The current study uses the Grannum placenta grading system as its foundation. The development of a grade 3 placenta before 37 weeks may signal placental dysfunction, which has been connected to low birth weight babies, IUGR meconium stained fluid, and a low APGAR score. As a result, this research focused on placental grading at different stages of pregnancy in order to predict and avoid worse obstetric and foetal impairment, as well as compare the outcomes.

Obstetric scans were performed on all PIH patients attending antenatal OPD and inpatients at ESIC and PGIMSR medical college in Bangalore to determine placental grading and biophysical profiles.

Until birth, these women were observed for obstetric and foetal outcomes.

The first group comprised 17 patients (50%) with a grade 3 placenta, whereas the second group had 39 patients (59%) with a grade 3 placenta. For statistical analysis, grades 1 and 2 were combined and compared to grade 3, generating a P-value of 0.198, which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in age or gravidity between the two groups. Medical issues were more prevalent in group 2, which lasted 37 to 40 weeks. In group 2, PIH issues were also more common. There were more LSCS in the 34-36 week group (n=19 versus 14), but the difference was not statistically significant. The rate of IUGR and IUD was greater in Group 2, however this was not statistically significant. The mean birth weight in Group 1 was 2 kg, while the mean birth weight in Group 2 was 2.7 kg. Group 2 had the most medical issues in common.

Conclusions: Placental maturation is accelerated in hypertensive women, resulting in maternal and foetal difficulties. As a result, women with fast placental maturation on ultrasound should be extensively investigated and appropriately treated. We believe, however, that bigger randomised trials are needed.

Author (S) Details

S. Sneha
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akaash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

S. Sreelatha
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESIC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Renuka Ramaiah
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESIC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V14/article/view/2558

Fetal Kidney Length Measurement, an Additional Visceral Parameter to Predict Gestational Age between 24 to 40 Weeks | Chapter 12 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 16

Introduction: Accurate gestational age estimation is essential for providing effective prenatal care. According to new research, while measuring the duration of pregnancy by ultrasonography, kidney length should be considered in addition to typical biometric indications. Materials and Procedures: In a single location, a prospective cross-sectional study of 120 pregnant women was done. In addition to standard biometric measurements, kidney length was measured at two-week intervals between 24 and 40 weeks. A total of 240 renal vertical measurements were taken, with the ultimate kidney length determined by averaging the right and left renal lengths. Descriptive analysis was used to obtain the mean and standard deviations for each variable. Pearson regression coefficients were utilised to determine the relationship between gestational age and other foetal features, as well as to determine which regression model offers the best fit for gestational age prediction. Results: As the pregnancy continued, the length of the foetal kidneys grew longer (from 23.2 mm at 24 weeks to 40.1 mm at 40 weeks). The regression formula (gestational age = 2.195 + 0.942 X kidney length) had a high degree of correlation (R2 0.97, p0.001, SE of prediction 4.7 3.9), which was superior to other prediction models using conventional biometric parameters (R2 0.97, p0.001, SE of prediction 4.7 3.9). There was a significant improvement in projecting gestational age when femur length was added in a stepwise manner to multiple regression models containing various standard components. Conclusion: The current study discovered that foetal kidney length is a reliable indicator of gestational age between 24 and 40 weeks of pregnancy, and that it could be beneficial in pregnancies with inaccurate dates, in the absence of a dating scan, and in women who conceived while breastfeeding. Fetal kidney length, gestational age, and ultrasonography are all terms that can be used to describe the size of a fetus's kidneys.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Sunanda Bharatnur
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KMC Manipal MAHE Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Samantha Dawson
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KMC Manipal MAHE Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Shripad Hebbar
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KMC Manipal MAHE Manipal, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V16/article/view/2397

Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Guwahati Metro, Assam, Northeast India: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Introduction and Goals: The birth weight of a child is an important determinant of survival and development. Low birth weight is an indicator of our public health, maternal health, and nutrition status. The major challenge in the field of public health is identifying the factors that influence low birth weight and implementing corrective measures. The study attempted to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and its risk factors in 300 mothers and their respective live born babies at GMCH, Guwahati metro, Assam.

In 300 samples, the prevalence of low birth weight was found to be 26.0 percent (95 percent, CL=21.36-31.24). 50 percent of LBW was found in mothers aged 18 years. Low birth weight was associated with maternal age of 18 years (OR=3.06* 95 percent CL=1.24-3.52), mother's height of 145 cm (OR=2.72* 95 percent CL=1.61-4.62), history of ANC visit 3 (OR=1.90* 95 percent Cl=1.03-3.52), multiple pregnancy (OR=5.95* 95 percent Cl=1.07-33.13), and gestational age of 37 weeks (OR=10.00*15 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.0 Female child (OR=1.02, 95 percent Cl=0.61-1.72) and preterm birth (OR=10.00, 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.09), weight gain during pregnancy 6 kg (OR=1.98 95 percent Cl=0.88-4.44), history of high risk behavior (tobacco use) (OR=8.84 95 percent Cl=0.94) (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 0.35-5.90), status of previous birth (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 0.81-9.14), were found to be higher risk of LBW. Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be very high and it was associated with many risk factors related to maternal health and services. Hence it is recommended to improve maternal health through strengthening the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.

Author (S) Details

Prof. Nirmali Gogoi
Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1648

Monitioring the Trends in Triglyceride (Fat) Levels of Various Stages of Pregnancy in Nigerian Women | Chapter 3 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: Poor socio-economic, early marriage, poor acceptance of contraceptives, poor spacing of pregnancies, high fertility rate and poor maternal and child health indices in developing countries such as Nigeria, leading to poor maternal-child outcome. There are physiological changes in TG metabolism during pregnancy that could be linked to increased metabolic rate. The pattern of serum lipid changes during pregnancy in women in Nigeria needs to be examined as hyperlipidemia may lead to poor maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred and forty (140) participants between the ages of 20 and 45 with a mean sample population age of 29.74 ± 6.5 years. Group 1: The control consists of 35 (35) stable non-pregnant subjects with a mean age of 26.84 ± 5.2 Nigerian-born volunteers. Group 2: One hundred and five (105) seemingly healthy pregnant Nigerian women were included in the test, subdivided into three groups; X, Y and Z each comprised thirty-five (35) subjects divided into the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. As defined by Biosystems, the TG assay was analysed using the enzymatic spectrophotometric method. Performance: The results of the study showed a substantial rise in TG levels (p ≤ 0.05) during the first trimester of pregnancy relative to control levels as shown in Table 1. During the second trimester of pregnancy, there was a substantial rise (p ≤ 0.05) in TG levels compared with those of the control subjects. Compared with control subjects, there was a substantial rise in TG levels during the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: This research showed that the most significant shift in the lipid profile during normal pregnancy was serum hypertriglyceridemia, which in the third trimester may be as high as two-three times the level in non-pregnant subjects. Since recent studies have blamed irregular lipid metabolism during pregnancy for atherosclerotic pathogenesis, cardiac ischemia, intrauterine growth disease, intrauterine growth retardation, and hypertension. This research illuminates the potential cause of developing preeclampsia and brings it to understanding. As part of regular antenatal tests, the lipid profile may be recommended and, if possible, accepted by the Clinical Services Department of this organisation. In pregnancy, this can minimise or even remove complications of hyperlipidemia.

Author(s) Details

Affi Ayuba
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Mutihir Josiah
Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Dalili Shabbal
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

Pam Stephen
Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Amusa Ganiyu
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Longwap Abdulazeez Saleh
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Mercy Solomon
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

A. Lukdem
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

T. Solewo
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/361