Optimising Neurodevelopment in Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants through Structured Early Physiotherapy | Chapter 11 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

Background: Preterm birth and medical complications related to Low birth weight can adversely affect long-term development, often leading to neuromotor delays, intellectual disabilities, and behavioural challenges. Early Intervention involves delivering specialised therapeutic programs to infants at risk of developmental delays with regular evaluations of their motor skills, cognitive abilities, language development, and adaptive functioning.

 

Aim: This study investigated the effect of early physiotherapy intervention on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants during their first six months of life.

 

Methodology: A total of 100 preterm LBW infants were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and the Referral Newborn (RNB) Unit at Raja Muthiah Medical College and Hospital (RMMC&H) and recruited for the study. The Early Intervention (EI) group consisted of infants who consistently received early physiotherapy sessions. In contrast, the Non-Early Intervention (NEI) group included infants whose families declined participation despite being advised and counselled. The Amiel-Tison Neurologic Examination assessed neurological function. At the same time, the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) evaluated developmental milestones, covering the gross motor, fine motor/adaptive, language, and personal-social domains. The therapist conducted assessments at six months of corrected age.

 

Results: The results revealed that infants in the EI group exhibited significantly better outcomes across all assessed domains than those in the NEI group. Improvements were particularly notable in gross motor and language development. These findings highlight the critical role of early physiotherapy in enhancing neurodevelopmental trajectories among high-risk preterm LBW infants.

 

Conclusion: Early therapeutic engagement during the neonatal period is essential for promoting more favourable long-term developmental outcomes and mitigating the risk of delays. This study supports integrating structured early physiotherapy programs into routine neonatal care practices to improve the quality of life and developmental potential of this vulnerable infant population.

 

Author (s) Details

N. Meena
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Government Medical College and Hospital (Erstwhile RMMCH), Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v1/5502

Prevalences and Risk Factors Associated with Pre-eclampsia, Low Birth Weight and Post-partum Haemorrhage among Pregnant Women Seeking Antenatal Care in Northern Ghana: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

The risks of developing pre-eclampsia (PE), giving birth to a low birth weight (LBW) neonate, and post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) among pregnant women in low-and middle-income countries have been on the increase. These risks are further exacerbated in pregnant women from low-resourced settings. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalences and risk factors associated with pre-eclampsia, low birth weight and post-partum haemorrhage among pregnant women at antenatal booking in a poor-resourced setting in northern Ghana. Two hundred and sixty-eight pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit at the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Bolgatanga, Ghana, from March 2018 to March 2019 took part in the study. The socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of the pregnant women were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Also, participants' G6PD status, sickling status, blood group, Hb-genotype and Hb (haemoglobin) concentration at 1^st ANC visit were determined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of PE, LBW and PPH. The prevalence of PE, LBW and PPH were 25.4% (68/268), 15.7% (42/268) and 6.0% (16/268), respectively. For PE, delayed 1^st ANC visit (AOR=16.82, 95% CI (3.61-78.5), p=0.000) and younger maternal age (AOR= 15.19, 95% CI (1.85-124.56), p=0.011) were independently associated with higher odds. Lastly, delayed 1st ANC visit (AOR=3.26, 95% CI (1.05-10.10), p=0.041) and vaginal delivery (AOR=0.36, 95% CI (0.17-0.74), p=0.006) were independently associated with LBW in the multivariate model. The study identified delayed ANC visits as an independent risk factor for PE, LBW and PPH in Northern Ghana. Public health education for pregnant women that highlights the importance of early ANC visits must be enhanced to facilitate early identification and intervention for women with the risk of foeto-maternal complications. Younger women should be educated on the dangers of early marriages with its attendant foeto-maternal complications of pregnancy.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Benjamin Ahenkorah
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga-Upper East Region, Ghana.

 

Addai-Mensah Donkor
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Kwame Opare-Asamoah
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3138

Role of Physiotherapy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review | Chapter 14 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 The aim concerning this study is to review the composition on role of health care specialist in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Infants born prematurely or accompanying any difficulties in chest, neurobehavioral or musculoskeletal environments are admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and distinguished care is taken of these babies according to their condition and complication. The need of the study search out know the various physiotherapy techniques secondhand in different environments and role of health care specialist in NICU. This is a narrative review related to role of health care specialist in neonatal intensive care unit. The drama search was done through miscellaneous search engines like Google scientist, PUBMED, Scihub, Chocraine and Science Direct. The articles in English vocabulary with inattentive to the year was included in the study and was precariously appraised. Total 112 items were screened for the study and 11 items were included in the study established inclusion tests. Among the article were screened, skilled were reviewed. Physiotherapists have alive role in NICU. During prematurity or environments like birth unconsciousness the physiotherapy in form of breast physiotherapy is important to improve the fresh air and reduce work of respiring. Physiotherapy in form of early provocation therapy or multisensory provocation helps in improving the neurobehavioral state of the baby and reduces the risk of any complications/ melancholy in the future or happening of the child.

Author(s) Details:

Dhwani Chanpura,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V3/article/view/11996

Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Guwahati Metro, Assam, Northeast India: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Introduction and Goals: The birth weight of a child is an important determinant of survival and development. Low birth weight is an indicator of our public health, maternal health, and nutrition status. The major challenge in the field of public health is identifying the factors that influence low birth weight and implementing corrective measures. The study attempted to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and its risk factors in 300 mothers and their respective live born babies at GMCH, Guwahati metro, Assam.

In 300 samples, the prevalence of low birth weight was found to be 26.0 percent (95 percent, CL=21.36-31.24). 50 percent of LBW was found in mothers aged 18 years. Low birth weight was associated with maternal age of 18 years (OR=3.06* 95 percent CL=1.24-3.52), mother's height of 145 cm (OR=2.72* 95 percent CL=1.61-4.62), history of ANC visit 3 (OR=1.90* 95 percent Cl=1.03-3.52), multiple pregnancy (OR=5.95* 95 percent Cl=1.07-33.13), and gestational age of 37 weeks (OR=10.00*15 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.0 Female child (OR=1.02, 95 percent Cl=0.61-1.72) and preterm birth (OR=10.00, 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.09), weight gain during pregnancy 6 kg (OR=1.98 95 percent Cl=0.88-4.44), history of high risk behavior (tobacco use) (OR=8.84 95 percent Cl=0.94) (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 0.35-5.90), status of previous birth (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 0.81-9.14), were found to be higher risk of LBW. Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be very high and it was associated with many risk factors related to maternal health and services. Hence it is recommended to improve maternal health through strengthening the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.

Author (S) Details

Prof. Nirmali Gogoi
Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1648