Analytical Survey of Factors that Influence the Choice of Female Sterilization among Urban and Rural Populations of India | Chapter 8 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

Background: In order to promote female sterilization, health workers vigorously promoted to fulfil their targets and often misled women about other method choices. This study has analysed the average completed family size with relation to parity, average age of both partners accepting permanent contraception, the percentage of women who finished their family with only female children and comparison of practice observed in rural and urban population. Son preference and sterilization use among young married women was a frequent observation in slums of Bhopal city, India. This paper addresses how the son preference norm and family planning policy together influenced in the decisions for family size, composition in Bhopal, India
 
Methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted at RKDF medical college and research centre Bhopal M.P. from 1 January 2017 to 31 August 2020 (3 Years 7 months) on 286 patients. Data of the patients who had undergone tubal ligation after normal vaginal delivery, caesarean section, with medical termination of pregnancy and interval tubectomy was collected at RKDF medical college and research centre Bhopal M.P. Individual count of male and female off springs of each couple was recorded.
 
Results: Parity wise maximum number of cases completed their family with two issues i.e. 51%. Permanent sterilisation was done in even one issue in (0.6%) minimum number of cases were observed in 9 issues (0.34%). Rural versus urban distribution was 25% and 75% respectively. For the desire of a male child parity increased up to 3 issues in 32%. Up to 4 issues in 12 % and more than 5 issues in 4%. It was observed that for desire of a male issue size of family increased up to 6, 7 and 9 issues also. Maximum age observed was 47 years of husband and 42 years of wife.
 
Conclusions: For the desire of male child, number of female children increased thereby increasing the family size. It is also very surprising that in India sterilisation is not that effective method to control the population or to limit family size.

Author(s) Details:

Vandana Agarwal,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RKDFMCH RC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Rekha Mehani,
Department of Pharmacology, RKDFMCH RC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Swati Jain,
Department of Community Medicine, RKDFMCH RC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V3/article/view/13710

Gap between Preferred and Observed Fertility Behaviors | Chapter 15 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 The goal of this research was to examine if C6 or C7 cervical spinal stenosis caused any transferred medial scapula pain. The dorsal scapular nerve is regarded to be the primary mediator of scapula discomfort of neurologic origin. Several species have dorsal root ganglion neurons with dichotomizing axons, which are thought to play a role in transferred pain. Many of the patients with medial scapula discomfort in an interventional spine clinic did not have C5 stenosis, but many of them did have C6 or C7 stenosis.

The charts of 278 patients who were diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy based on the location of pain at an interventional spine clinic throughout an 11-year period from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed. Cervical MRI imaging was performed on 135 of them. The information was gathered to see if there was a link between the severity of cervical stenosis and the location of pain on the scapula's medial border.

Patients with ipsilateral medial scapula pain had a stenosis rate of 0.0 percent at C4, 29.5 percent at C5, 64.6 percent at C6, 49.2 percent at C7, 0.0 percent at C8, and 80 percent with C6 or C7 stenosis.

Conclusion: This is the first case of referred pain from cervical stenosis at the C6 or C7 levels to the medial scapula. The mechanism of referred pain is discussed, along with a neurobiological explanation that is both plausible and testable.

Author(S) Details

Hajir H. Al-Ridhwany
Nineveh Health Directorate, Iraq.

Asma A. Aljawadi
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V4/article/view/4180

Study on the Effect of Parity on Milk Letdown Time in Mehsana Buffaloes | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Vol. 1

 The influence of parity on milk let-down time in Mehsana buffaloes was investigated in a study. On the basis of parity (1-4 lactation), twenty-four Mehsana buffaloes were divided into four groups and kept in the same feeding and housing circumstances. For six months, data on letdown time for different parity buffaloes was collected at morning and evening milking six days a month. For the months of August, September, November, and January, the average letdown time was longer in the evening milking, whereas it was longer in the morning milking in the months of October and December, and the difference was not significant. Lactation-I (L1), Lactation-II (L2), Lactation-III (L3), and Lactation-IV (L4) letdown times were 71.15, 69.22, 62.30, and 56.65 seconds, respectively, with an overall average of 64.83 seconds. The variations between lactation were significant (P0.01). With increased parity, a decreasing trend in letdown time was seen. Morning milking took 65.58 seconds longer than evening milking (64.09 seconds), but the difference was not significant. It may be stated that as the parity of the Mehsana buffaloes increases, the average time required for letdown reduces. As a result, teat manipulation should be given to first-time calvers before to calving, and pre-milking udder stimulation should be included to the milking regimen.

Author (s) Details

H. A. Patel
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Junagadh Agricultural University, Porbandar, India.

A. K. Srivastava
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU) Sardarkrushinagar, Dist: Banaskantha (Gujarat), India.

H. D. Chauhan
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU) Sardarkrushinagar, Dist: Banaskantha (Gujarat), India.

J. B. Patel
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU) Sardarkrushinagar, Dist: Banaskantha (Gujarat), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAAVS-V1/article/view/2419

Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Guwahati Metro, Assam, Northeast India: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 2 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Introduction and Goals: The birth weight of a child is an important determinant of survival and development. Low birth weight is an indicator of our public health, maternal health, and nutrition status. The major challenge in the field of public health is identifying the factors that influence low birth weight and implementing corrective measures. The study attempted to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and its risk factors in 300 mothers and their respective live born babies at GMCH, Guwahati metro, Assam.

In 300 samples, the prevalence of low birth weight was found to be 26.0 percent (95 percent, CL=21.36-31.24). 50 percent of LBW was found in mothers aged 18 years. Low birth weight was associated with maternal age of 18 years (OR=3.06* 95 percent CL=1.24-3.52), mother's height of 145 cm (OR=2.72* 95 percent CL=1.61-4.62), history of ANC visit 3 (OR=1.90* 95 percent Cl=1.03-3.52), multiple pregnancy (OR=5.95* 95 percent Cl=1.07-33.13), and gestational age of 37 weeks (OR=10.00*15 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.0 Female child (OR=1.02, 95 percent Cl=0.61-1.72) and preterm birth (OR=10.00, 95 percent Cl=4.53-22.09), weight gain during pregnancy 6 kg (OR=1.98 95 percent Cl=0.88-4.44), history of high risk behavior (tobacco use) (OR=8.84 95 percent Cl=0.94) (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 0.35-5.90), status of previous birth (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 0.81-9.14), were found to be higher risk of LBW. Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be very high and it was associated with many risk factors related to maternal health and services. Hence it is recommended to improve maternal health through strengthening the existing maternal services at the basic level of community.

Author (S) Details

Prof. Nirmali Gogoi
Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1648

Monitioring the Trends in Triglyceride (Fat) Levels of Various Stages of Pregnancy in Nigerian Women | Chapter 3 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: Poor socio-economic, early marriage, poor acceptance of contraceptives, poor spacing of pregnancies, high fertility rate and poor maternal and child health indices in developing countries such as Nigeria, leading to poor maternal-child outcome. There are physiological changes in TG metabolism during pregnancy that could be linked to increased metabolic rate. The pattern of serum lipid changes during pregnancy in women in Nigeria needs to be examined as hyperlipidemia may lead to poor maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred and forty (140) participants between the ages of 20 and 45 with a mean sample population age of 29.74 ± 6.5 years. Group 1: The control consists of 35 (35) stable non-pregnant subjects with a mean age of 26.84 ± 5.2 Nigerian-born volunteers. Group 2: One hundred and five (105) seemingly healthy pregnant Nigerian women were included in the test, subdivided into three groups; X, Y and Z each comprised thirty-five (35) subjects divided into the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. As defined by Biosystems, the TG assay was analysed using the enzymatic spectrophotometric method. Performance: The results of the study showed a substantial rise in TG levels (p ≤ 0.05) during the first trimester of pregnancy relative to control levels as shown in Table 1. During the second trimester of pregnancy, there was a substantial rise (p ≤ 0.05) in TG levels compared with those of the control subjects. Compared with control subjects, there was a substantial rise in TG levels during the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: This research showed that the most significant shift in the lipid profile during normal pregnancy was serum hypertriglyceridemia, which in the third trimester may be as high as two-three times the level in non-pregnant subjects. Since recent studies have blamed irregular lipid metabolism during pregnancy for atherosclerotic pathogenesis, cardiac ischemia, intrauterine growth disease, intrauterine growth retardation, and hypertension. This research illuminates the potential cause of developing preeclampsia and brings it to understanding. As part of regular antenatal tests, the lipid profile may be recommended and, if possible, accepted by the Clinical Services Department of this organisation. In pregnancy, this can minimise or even remove complications of hyperlipidemia.

Author(s) Details

Affi Ayuba
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Mutihir Josiah
Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Dalili Shabbal
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

Pam Stephen
Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Amusa Ganiyu
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Longwap Abdulazeez Saleh
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

Mercy Solomon
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

A. Lukdem
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

T. Solewo
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/361