In vivo and In vitro Oxidative Stress Studies of Membrane Alterations (Fluidity and Permeability) in Mammalian Red Blood Cells |Chapter 10 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of vitamin E and polyphenols (red wine polyphenols, resveratrol, and catechin) on fluidity (fluorescence anisotropy) and anion permeability for chloride of membrane on mammalian erythrocytes respectively exposed to the water-soluble free radical initiator 2.2’-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride (AAPH) and trained horses.

 

Methods: The animals were ten Arabian strain horses, 6-8 years old, trained for Cross country, and six horses at rest. Membranes are tested for diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy in red blood cell membranes by Perrin plot.

 

The reducing agent treatment efficacy was observed by the evaluation of anion permeability for chloride in red blood cells (RBCs).

 

Anion permeability for chloride is an indicator of membrane protein damage and is evaluated in RBCs by the specific absorption of methemoglobin (CM) at 590 and 635 nm after treatment of heparinized blood with NaNO2.

 

Results: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations and P > 0.05 by ANOVA.

 

Polyphenol treatment is associated with a significant increase in anion permeability for chloride compared with control and AAPH-affected cells.

 

Discussion: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations.

 

In this study, it is evident that after In vitro oxidative damage of the membrane, red wine polyphenol extracts act as effective reducing agents and also as a CM indicator of membrane protein damage. Consequently, both red wine and polyphenol extracts both alone and mixed among them efficiently relieve the effects of oxidative stress.

 

Author(s) Details

Giuseppe Gallo
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1947

Prognostic Significance of Anti-D IgG Subclasses with Severity of Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn| Chapter 1 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

 

Aim: According to the literature, HDFN cases with IgG1 and IgG3 have more severity compared to IgG2 and IgG4.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of subclasses to IgG anti-D on the intensity of Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) in North Macedonia.

 

Materials and Methods: In retrospective and prospective studies, in a period of 10 years, from 2004 to 2014, there have been immunohematology tests performed on 22,009 samples on serums of pregnant women. The tests were performed with column agglutination method for: ABO blood groups, Rh phenotype, detection and identification of alloantibodies.

 

Results: From the total number of anti-D IgG1, IgG3 senzibilised pregnant women at 37.78% IgG1 and IgG3 were the reason for severe HDFN. At 17.77% of the total, cases with only IgG1 detected were responsible for varying intensities of hemolytic disease of the fetus (HDF), ranging from serious to mild, depending on the titer levels. The correlation of the titer to anti-D antibodies in the mother’s serum and the intensity of HDFN were researched in 48 newborns. The titers between 1:8 and 1:32 resulted in 3 cases of HDFN with symptoms of severe disease and in 4 cases there were no signs of HDFN. At 12 women that had a titer between 1:32 and 1:512, five of the newborns developed severe HDFN, and seven had symptoms of mild and weak intensity form. In 3 cases, the titer was higher than 512, and out of them one newborn had weak symptoms of HDFN, one developed severe HDFN and one ended with fetal death. Only in one case, the titer reached a value higher than 1000, and it ended with a fetal death.

 

Conclusions: The titers of the pregnant women's serum that are lower than 32 in most cases are not the cause for HDFN, instead of higher than 1000 which are usually provoke severe symptoms, so we can say that titers lower than 32 and those higher than 1000 can well predict HDFN. The titers of anti-D antibodies between 64 and 512 have no exact predictive value, by themselves. IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses of anti-D have no predictive value by themselves, and cannot foresee the outcome of HDFN. The severity of HDFN was significantly higher when IgG1 &/or IgG3 were present alone or in combination, compared to cases with the absence of IgG1 or IgG3. The research study results suggest that IgG1 and IgG3 should be included in a multi-parameter protocol for evaluation of the HDFN intensity. They can give a real assessment of the expected HDFN intensity in combination with the titer height and the significance of the antibodies.

 

Author (s) Details

Emilija Velkova
Institute of Transfusion Medicine in Republic of Macedonia, Vodnjanska 17, 1109 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/1632

 

Significance of Immunohematology Testing in the Management of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn in the Republic of Macedonia | Chapter 2 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

Background: The hemolytic disease of the fetus and the newborn (HDFN) is a clinical syndrome at which the basic patho-physiological disorder represents a hemolytic anemia of the fetus or the newborn.

Aim: Prompt discovery of allosensibilisation to RBC’s antigens during pregnancy and successful management of HDFN in the Republic of Macedonia, in order to decrease morbidity and mortality of the fetus and the newborn.

Materials and Methods: The study comprises in total 23,800 patients, 14,858 pregnant women and 8,842 newborn babies. The immune-hematological testing for all pregnant women has been executed in the immunehematology laboratory at the Institute for Transfusion Medicine in Republic of Macedonia.

Results: The screening and identification of anti-RBC’s antibodies detected in a total of 216 alloantibodies, out of which 81% (175) had a clinical significance. Out of the above-mentioned 164 alloantibodies (65.9%) belong to the Rh system. The most often reason for a severe hemolytic disease is the anti-D antibody. The HDFN symptoms of mild and moderate degrees were demonstrated in 32.5%, and 18.9% had symptoms of severe fetal suffering, and almost half of them (48%) were with or with mild HDFN and had no need for therapy. In 15% it was about alloantibodies of other Rh antigens: anti-C, anti-E and anti-c, at which in most cases there were no signs of HDFN, or it showed weak symptoms (89%), just one case of anti-c ended with intrauterine death.

Conclusions: Still, a hemolytic disease of the fetus and the newborn caused by anti-D is one of the most often reasons for HDFN in most underdeveloped countries in the world. Anti-D antibody represents a need of intrauterine transfusion and exsanguino transfusion. Anti-c is the only antibody that demonstrated the same potential for severe HBN as the anti-D. The most often reason for alloimmunisation of the mother is the lack of RhIG prophylaxis (97.8): postnatal, antenatal and in case of possible sensible conditions during pregnancy. It is recommended to adopt a national program for RhIG prophylaxis in the Republic of Macedonia.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Emilija Velkova
Institute of Transfusion Medicine in Republic of Macedonia, Vodnjanska 17, 1109 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v13/3716

Exploring Ocular Morphological Alterations in Iron Deficiency Anemia through Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comprehensive Analysis | Chapter 7 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

Anemia, characterized by insufficient red blood cells and impaired oxygen-carrying capacity, affects billions globally, with a high prevalence among women and children. This study explores the multifactorial etiology of anemia, focusing on preventable factors such as inadequate diet, poor living conditions, and infections. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a diagnostic tool offering high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues, is employed to investigate the ocular impact of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Various studies utilizing OCT reveal consistent correlations between IDA and structural changes in the peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and macula. These changes are associated with serum ferritin levels, hemoglobin concentrations, and other iron profile parameters. In conclusion, this comprehensive review and study underscore the significance of OCT in evaluating ocular changes associated with iron deficiency anemia. The consistent patterns observed across multiple studies emphasize the potential clinical utility of OCT as a non-invasive tool for monitoring and managing IDA-related ocular manifestations. This research lays the foundation for further exploring and applying OCT in clinical assessments, offering valuable insights for early detection and intervention in preserving ocular health in anemic populations.

Author(s) Details:

Praveen Prashant,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B D Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, HR, India.

Dinesh Kumar,
Department of Physiology, World College of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, Haryana, India.

Abhishek Bansal,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B D Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, HR, India.

Pragya Dixit,
ESI Health Care Haryana, ESI Hospital Panipat, HR, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13734

Dynamics of Erythrocyte Aquaporin Pool Formation in Postnatal Ontogenesis of Mature and Immature Newborn Animals| Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 The composition of the rheological characteristics of erythrocytes in growth of mature infant (rats) and young newborn (guinea swines) mammals was intentional in an by artificial means forged model atmosphere utilizing osmotic slope ektacytometry. A chapter change in the deformity properties of erythrocytes in early postnatal growth of the mammals has happened proved. An increase in the water permeability volume of cell with hemoglobin membranes happens all the while the process of development in rats. In contrast, a decrease in this place ability was noticed in guinea hogs.

Author(s) Details:

L. N. Katiukhin,
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, (IEPhB RAS) 44 Thorez Avenue, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V8/article/view/9346

Investigation on in vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Methanol and Dichloromethane Extracts of the Leaf of Globimetula oreophila | Chapter 11 | Current Research and Development in Chemistry Vol. 4

 

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the antioxidant and membrane stabilising potential of Globimetula oreophila leaves in order to provide scientific support for the plant 's existing ethnomedicinal or traditional uses. Methodology: The research included the collection, identification, drying, spraying, extraction and fractionation of dried G leaf extracts. Oreophila. Oreophil. In the assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate, nitric oxide, total antioxidant potential and ferric reducing antioxidant power), the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extracts and fractions were evaluated using the red blood cell membrane stabilisation technique.

Results: The findings showed that the extracts and the fractions of G. Oreophila demonstrated high antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 45.83 ± 0.13 μg / ml was shown in fraction 1 of the methanol extract, while fraction 7 of the same extract was the most potent in stabilising stressed red blood cells with 100 ± 0.00 percent stability of the membrane. The operations of both the fractions and the G. extracts. Compared to regular antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs, oreophila is optimistic. In addition, the operations of the fractions and extracts are dependent on concentration. Conclusion: The analysis showed that G's extracts and fractions. Oreophila has and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions that are concentration-dependent and beneficial compared with those of anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs. It could be concluded on the basis of these findings that the extracts and the fractions of G. Oreophila includes oreophila, which Principles capable of stabilising the exposure of bovine red blood cell membranes to heat and hypotonic lyses could also serve as clinical evidence for the use of these plant extracts by conventional local health professionals in the management and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Esther O. Faboro
Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.

Mr. Idowu J. Olawuni
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Dr. Bolajoko A. Akinpelu
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Professor Oluokun O. Oyedapo
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria

Professor Ezekiel O. Iwalewa
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Professor Craig A. Obafemi
Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/282

Critical Study on Immunodetection of Porcine Red Blood Cell Containing Food Ingredients Using a Porcine-Hemoglobin-Specific Monoclonal Antibody |Chapter 11 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol.1

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 24C12 has been found to bind to a 12 kDa antigenic protein in the red
blood cell (RBC) of porcine blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of this 12
kDa protein and consequently examine its potential as a marker for monitoring porcine RBCcontaining ingredients (PRBCIs) in foods. Proteomic techniques identified the 12 kDa antigenic
protein to be a monomer of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Further heat-processing of spraydried PRBCIs diminishes its detectability. Whereas mAb 24C12-based indirect enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (iELISA) could detect 1% (v/v) or less of PRBCIs in raw and cooked ground
meats (beef, pork and chicken), the detection limits were 3 to 30 times higher for spiked cooked beef
and pork. The assay is effective for monitoring the presence of PRBCIs in foods to protect the billions
of people that avoid consuming blood. In situations where these PRBCIs are present as ingredients in
foods that have undergone further heat processing, the assay, however, may not be as sensitive
depending on the types of sample matrix, types of PRBCIs and the level of inclusion.

Author (s) Details

Jack A. Ofori
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, 420 Sandels Building, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.

Yun-Hwa P. Hsieh
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, 420 Sandels Building, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/221

Research on Post-transfusion Haematocrit Equilibration: Timing Post-transfusion Haematocrit Check in Neonates at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria | Chapter 4 |Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 4

Anaemia is a common morbidity in the NICU and often requires transfusion of packed red blood cells. Haematocrit equilibration following red cell transfusion occurs over time ultimately resulting in a stable packed cell volume (PCV). Knowledge of this equilibration process is pertinent in the accurate timing of post-transfusion (PT) PCV. We conducted a prospective study to determine an appropriate timing for PT PCV estimation on 47 stable anaemic babies at the Neonatal Unit of National Hospital, Abuja. Values of PCV were determined before transfusion and at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-transfusion. Forty of the recruited neonates and young infants were analyzed. Their gestational age range was    26 to 40 weeks. 1-hour PT PCV (48.5% ± 5.5%) was similar to the 6-hour PT PCV (47.8% ± 5.6%) = 0.516, but both were significantly different from the 12-hour (46.8% ± 5.9%), 24-hour (45.9 ± 5.8%), and 48-hour (45.4% ± 6.2%) PT PCVs. The 12-hour PT PCV was similar to the 24-hour and 48-hour PT PCVs ( = 0.237 and 0.063, resp.). We concluded that, in stable non-haemorrhaging and non-haemolysing young infants, the estimated timing of haematocrit equilibration and, consequently, post-transfusion PCV is 12 hours after red blood cell transfusion. 

Author (s) Details

Dr. L. I. Audu
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.

A. T. Otuneye Neonatal Unit
National Hospital Abuja, Plot 132, National Hospital Road, Central Business District, P.M.B. 425, Abuja, Nigeria.

Dr. A. B. Mairami
Neonatal Unit, National Hospital Abuja, Plot 132, National Hospital Road, Central Business District, P.M.B. 425, Abuja, Nigeria.

Dr. L. J. Mshelia
Neonatal Unit, National Hospital Abuja, Plot 132, National Hospital Road, Central Business District, P.M.B. 425, Abuja, Nigeria

V. E. Nwatah
Neonatal Unit, National Hospital Abuja, Plot 132, National Hospital Road, Central Business District, P.M.B. 425, Abuja, Nigeria.

View Book :-  http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/167