Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapy | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Innovative drugs designed for oncotherapy are antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), constructed with monoclonal antibodies, linkers, and natural cytotoxins. Over the past few years, ADCs have had considerable success due to the distinctive benefits of both chemotherapy drugs and antibody drugs. The rapid R&D of ADCs is being accelerated by the production of highly specific antibodies, novel applications of marine toxins, and revolutionary linker technologies. Meanwhile, for potential ADCs, some problems remain to be solved. For example, site-specific conjugation varieties have been suggested to solve the inhomogeneity of DARs (Drug Antibody Ratios). The use of various natural toxins, especially marine cytotoxins, and the development strategies for ADCs over the past decade are summarized in this analysis. Representative ADCs are implemented and characterized with their new features with marine cytotoxins in the pipeline, whilst perspective comments are proposed for future ADCs. To some extent, site-specific conjugation technology has caught the attention of multiple pharmaceutical companies to solve the problem of inhomogeneity, pointing out the path to further ADC growth. With the development of conjugation technology, through the diversified modification of linkers, a range of conjugated groups have been designed and connected to several different drugs.

Author (s) Details

Xiaoling Lu
The Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Yujie Wang
The Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Xin Cao
Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Yuping Zhu
The Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

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Critical Study on Immunodetection of Porcine Red Blood Cell Containing Food Ingredients Using a Porcine-Hemoglobin-Specific Monoclonal Antibody |Chapter 11 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol.1

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 24C12 has been found to bind to a 12 kDa antigenic protein in the red
blood cell (RBC) of porcine blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of this 12
kDa protein and consequently examine its potential as a marker for monitoring porcine RBCcontaining ingredients (PRBCIs) in foods. Proteomic techniques identified the 12 kDa antigenic
protein to be a monomer of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Further heat-processing of spraydried PRBCIs diminishes its detectability. Whereas mAb 24C12-based indirect enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (iELISA) could detect 1% (v/v) or less of PRBCIs in raw and cooked ground
meats (beef, pork and chicken), the detection limits were 3 to 30 times higher for spiked cooked beef
and pork. The assay is effective for monitoring the presence of PRBCIs in foods to protect the billions
of people that avoid consuming blood. In situations where these PRBCIs are present as ingredients in
foods that have undergone further heat processing, the assay, however, may not be as sensitive
depending on the types of sample matrix, types of PRBCIs and the level of inclusion.

Author (s) Details

Jack A. Ofori
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, 420 Sandels Building, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.

Yun-Hwa P. Hsieh
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, 420 Sandels Building, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1493, USA.

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