In vivo and In vitro Oxidative Stress Studies of Membrane Alterations (Fluidity and Permeability) in Mammalian Red Blood Cells |Chapter 10 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of vitamin E and polyphenols (red wine polyphenols, resveratrol, and catechin) on fluidity (fluorescence anisotropy) and anion permeability for chloride of membrane on mammalian erythrocytes respectively exposed to the water-soluble free radical initiator 2.2’-azobis-2 amidinopropan dihydrochloride (AAPH) and trained horses.

 

Methods: The animals were ten Arabian strain horses, 6-8 years old, trained for Cross country, and six horses at rest. Membranes are tested for diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy in red blood cell membranes by Perrin plot.

 

The reducing agent treatment efficacy was observed by the evaluation of anion permeability for chloride in red blood cells (RBCs).

 

Anion permeability for chloride is an indicator of membrane protein damage and is evaluated in RBCs by the specific absorption of methemoglobin (CM) at 590 and 635 nm after treatment of heparinized blood with NaNO2.

 

Results: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations and P > 0.05 by ANOVA.

 

Polyphenol treatment is associated with a significant increase in anion permeability for chloride compared with control and AAPH-affected cells.

 

Discussion: Fluorescence anisotropy is abruptly worsened in erythrocyte membranes from exercised animals and almost restored after vitamin E treatment of membrane preparations.

 

In this study, it is evident that after In vitro oxidative damage of the membrane, red wine polyphenol extracts act as effective reducing agents and also as a CM indicator of membrane protein damage. Consequently, both red wine and polyphenol extracts both alone and mixed among them efficiently relieve the effects of oxidative stress.

 

Author(s) Details

Giuseppe Gallo
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1947

Differential Equation of Particle Motion with Helical Structure | Chapter 1 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 Electromagnetic radiations are waves, of course. The photoelectric effect led A. Einstein to suggest that light of frequency V is made up of distinct energy quanta with the formula epsilon = hv. We try to treat a thin beam of a conical wave train with energy hv as a photon and watch what occurs in order to follow Einstein's advice. We first demonstrate that such a train must be enclosed by a perfect reflection membrane with a lateral border of zero rest mass. Then we show that the membrane is divided into equal portions with the same quantity of various charges by a pair of symmetrical spirals with a maximum stress of infinity (Sigma max infty E2). If the field is sufficiently intensified and the mass and charge requirements are satisfied, the membrane will split into two "pm" charged particles with spins of h/2. The internal mass distribution and charge symmetry have been proved to be helical. Then, we demonstrate that the spin of this class of particles often consists of two components: translational motion and additional self-rotation caused by the translational motion of the spiral structure. Despite the fact that the wave function interpretation is different, we were able to show that the differential equation of motion particle's inner system is satisfied and resembles the Schrodinger equation.

Author(s) Details:

Chen Sen Nian,
Department of Physics, (National) Hua Qiao University Quanzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V6/article/view/7207

Hybrid Adaptive Control for PEMFC Gas Pressure: A Recent Study | Chapter 2 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 5

 Nonlinearity and coupling between anode and cathode pressures in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas supply systems are discussed in this research. The authors offer a fuzzy adaptive PI decoupling control approach based on an upgraded advanced genetic algorithm (AGA). To achieve approximate decoupling management of the PEMFC gas supply system, this AGA is used to optimise the PI parameters offline, and the fuzzy adaptive algorithm is used to change the PI parameters dynamically online using the fuzzy adaptive algorithm. The PEMFC gas supply system with the fuzzy–AGA–PI decoupling control approach was simulated for comparison using the proposed dynamic model. The simulation results show that, under various load variations, the suggested control system can lower the pressure difference more efficiently than the classical control approach.

Author(S) Details

Jing Chen
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi-Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Chenghui Zhang
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi-Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Ke Li
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi-Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

Yuedong Zhan
Department of Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming-South-Street 727, Kunming 650500, China.

Bo Sun
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi-Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China.

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Chitosan-silica- polyethylene Glycol (Ch/Si/P) Solid Membrane for Removal of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions | Chapter 4 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 Chitosan is thought to be an interesting raw material for membrane production because it has functional groups of –NH2 and –OH that are easily modified. The chitosan membrane has flaws such as low mechanical properties. To compensate for these flaws, silica is added during the chitosan membrane synthesis process to improve chitosan membrane stability. Plasticizer is used in the membrane synthesis process to improve mechanical properties, maintain integrality, and avoid holes and cracks. The addition of a polyethylene glycol plasticizer is expected to significantly increase the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the hydrophilic properties, of the membrane surface, allowing metal ion remedy to easily diffuse through the chitosan-silica-PEG membrane. In this study, chitosan-silica-PEG (Ch/Si/P) membrane synthesis is performed using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source, and the membrane is then used as an adsorbent for the ions Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) by batch method. According to research, batch adsorption to all membranes has an optimum pH for metal ions Cu(II) and Zn(II) = 6, Cd(II) = 5.5. The adsorption of the ions Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) in membranes follows the Langmuir isotherm model. In general, the ability of the Ch membrane to adsorb all adsorption metal ions increases with the addition of silica or PEG. In order, the adsorption capacity values for the ions Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) for the Ch/Si/P membrane are 262, 183, and 107 mol/g. In general, in adsorption kinetic data, the coefficient score of R2 linearity is higher in the second order of the pseudo kinetic model.

Author (S) Details

F. W. Mahatmanti
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, 50229, Indonesia.

E. Kusumastuti
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, 50229, Indonesia.

W. D. P. Rengga
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, 50229, Indonesia.

Nuryono
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia.

D. Siswanta
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V1/article/view/1793

Investigation of PEM Fuel Cell for Performance Augmentation: ANumerical Modeling Based Study| Chapter 12 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 14

 Fuel cells are a promising clean renewable energy source that is now undergoing intensive scientific investigation and development. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM), which is addressed in this study, is one of the most essential types of fuel cells. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical computerised model that could replicate the stages of a PEM fuel cell and look into the impact of cell design and operation parameters on overall performance. PEM fuel cells work at low temperatures and produce green corrosion inhibitors as a byproduct. enabling for quicker start-ups and rapid responsiveness to changes in power demand Membrane thickness, cell area, hydrogen pressure, and ionic current density are among them. The impacts of PEM fuel cell parameters on overall performance have been investigated using a onedimensional model. Even minute amounts of gas can infiltrate the membrane through minuscule pinholes, making fuel cells ineffective. Cell power (and electrical efficiency) declines as cell membrane thickness grows, according to the research. In addition, At a membrane thickness of 0.005 cm, the maximum value of cell power is attained, while the minimum value is reached at a membrane thickness of 0.05 cm. However, 0.81 A/cm2 is the ideal ionic current density for obtaining reasonably high cell power and electrical efficiency. These findings will aid in the development of novel PEM fuel cell designs and materials.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Abdullah A. Alshorman
Mechanical Engineering Department, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Huson University College, Al-Huson 21510, Jordan.


View Book :  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V14/article/view/1271

A Study on Vibration Induced Fatigue Integrity of Piping in Membrane Water Treatment Plant | Chapter 10 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 4

 

Piping roles as the main bridge between membrane modules and relevant pumps in membrane water
treatment plants. The pipes deliver only water, both water and air, only air or chemicals (alkaline or
acid detergents) from the pumps to the membranes, depending on the operation modes of the
membrane. Various fluid phenomena occur in the same piping with different phases flow, forward and
reverse directions of flow and high and zero velocity of a fluid. Therefore, the vibration of membrane
plant piping can be induced by flow, acoustic resonance, mechanical excitation, resulting in a
significant risk in the integrity and safety of the system. This study evaluated flow analysis for vibration
diagnostic and evaluation of the fatigue in the microfiltration system applied for a drinking water
treatment plant. The vibration of the main membrane pipelines was measured to identify the source of
vibration. Also, natural frequency and fluid dynamics were calculated by computational fluid dynamics.
It showed that maximum magnitude frequencies were at 12Hz and 22Hz, respectively at the water
and air pipeline during filtration and backwash. The backwash process caused mainly vibration on the
backwash water pipe. The calculated frequency from analysis of frequency response and CFD was in
a good agreement with the measured frequency. Fatigue analysis showed that pipelines were getting
little damage caused by vibration. Fatigue lifetime was predicted more than 15 years under the
operation condition of daily filtration, and more than 27 years under the operation condition of a daily
backwash mode, resulting in minor damage on the pipe lifetime .

Author (s) Details

Heekyong Oh
Engineering Solution Team, Daewoo E&C, 170 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/249