Electronic Energy Levels and Intra-Band Transitions in the Conduction Band of a Zn1-xMgxO /ZnO/Zn1-xMgxO Quantum Well Heterostructures | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 3

 

In the last few years, semiconductor-based quantum well structures have been intensively investigated because of their interesting optical and electrical properties. This paper studies a quantum well heterostructure made up of a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layer (well) sandwiched between two Zn1-xMgxO layers acting as potential barriers. The material is chemically and thermally stable, non-toxic and abundant in nature. Setting the width of the well to a = 10 nm, the allowed quantum states in the conduction band (CB) and the wave function profiles are examined for two values of magnesium concentration: x = 0.1 and x = 0.2. The calculated wavelengths corresponding to intra-band transitions in the conduction band are in the infrared domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. These wavelengths depend on x, allowing to control the optoelectronic properties of the quantum well by adjusting the concentration x during the growth process. This suggests that it is possible to control the optoelectronic properties of a quantum well by adjusting the concentration during the growth process, in order to obtain the desired wavelength for a semiconductor laser.

 

Author(s) Details

Moustapha Thiam
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Aminata Diaw
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Amaky Badiane
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

 

Omar Absatou Niasse
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

 

Amadou Diao
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Moulaye Diagne
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Bassirou Lo
Groupe de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Bassirou Ba
Laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’Energie Solaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v3/1974

Exploring Quantum Dynamics of Dissipative Systems in Living Organisms | Chapter 4 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

The functional information of dissipative systems in Living Matter correlates with both the physical and mathematical regularities defining its material and quantum operational levels. The quantum operational level of Living Matter necessitates employing mathematical models to describe spaces of high dimensions. The physical significance of such an approach helps ascertain the meaning of “action information” as the “quantum information” of dissipative systems. Homeostasis is an integrative dynamic process regulating the functional and morphological (morphofunctional) relative internal constancy of a living organism.32 Tissue homeostasis ensures the preservation of the relative stability of the total number of cells, an optimal ratio between dividing cells, differentiated, and apoptotic (undergoing apoptosis) cells within the tissue composition. The competitive balance between a living organism's metabolism and homeostasis is determined by the quantum characteristics of dissipative systems. The characteristics of "quantum information" in dissipative systems show broad patterns that can be used to analyze the mathematical and physical underpinnings of "quantum computers" and materials created using "quantum dots."

Author(s) Details:

Igor Orzhelskyi,
CME Swiss AG, Dorfstrasse 28, Switzerland.

Andrey Kuznetsov,
Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Elena Van Dijk,
Private Clinic, Pezinok, Slovakia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13644

Clifford Algebra, Geometrization of Interaction and Wave Function Representation | Chapter 11 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 The main purpose concerning this part of the document is to present the results of applying a likely approach to the geometric writing of elementary atoms and the nature of the early cosmos. Based on the mathematical apparatus of Clifford’s arithmetic, an approach to geometrization of the theory of simple particles and interplay is proposed. The novelty display or take public the fact that this approach can define the geometric type of supersymmetry in terms of the lines representation of the wave function and propose a device of spontaneous proportion breaking with various degrees of freedom. It is under specific conditions that the familiar spontaneous proportion breaking occurs and individual excitations gain mass. Under such environments, a phase change occurs accompanying the formation of a new phase accompanying the formation of outer space. The proposed picture more adequately reflects the basic approach of geometrization the interplay, which is the support of the quantum field belief.

Author(s) Details:

B. I. Lev,
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Metrolohichna 14- b, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine and Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V4/article/view/11819

Differential Equation of Particle Motion with Helical Structure | Chapter 1 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 6

 Electromagnetic radiations are waves, of course. The photoelectric effect led A. Einstein to suggest that light of frequency V is made up of distinct energy quanta with the formula epsilon = hv. We try to treat a thin beam of a conical wave train with energy hv as a photon and watch what occurs in order to follow Einstein's advice. We first demonstrate that such a train must be enclosed by a perfect reflection membrane with a lateral border of zero rest mass. Then we show that the membrane is divided into equal portions with the same quantity of various charges by a pair of symmetrical spirals with a maximum stress of infinity (Sigma max infty E2). If the field is sufficiently intensified and the mass and charge requirements are satisfied, the membrane will split into two "pm" charged particles with spins of h/2. The internal mass distribution and charge symmetry have been proved to be helical. Then, we demonstrate that the spin of this class of particles often consists of two components: translational motion and additional self-rotation caused by the translational motion of the spiral structure. Despite the fact that the wave function interpretation is different, we were able to show that the differential equation of motion particle's inner system is satisfied and resembles the Schrodinger equation.

Author(s) Details:

Chen Sen Nian,
Department of Physics, (National) Hua Qiao University Quanzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V6/article/view/7207

An Overview of the Hydrogen Atom Fundamental Resonance States | Chapter 5 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol.6

 

In the 1920's, Louis de Broglie observed that the integer sequence that could be related to the
interference patterns produced by the various electromagnetic energy quanta emitted by hydrogen
atoms was identical to those of very well known classical resonance processes, which made him
conclude that electrons have to be captive in related resonance states within atoms. This led
Schrödinger to propose a wave equation to represent this sequence of resonance states that still has
not been reconciled with the electromagnetic properties of electrons. This new approach is in
complete agreement with the methods of QED and QFT and complements them by clarifying the
function of the magnetic aspect of the energy of which electromagnetic elementary particles and their
carrying energy is made, in a manner that allows describing their permanently localizable selfsustaining internal electromagnetic structure. This article is meant to identify and discuss the
electromagnetic harmonic oscillation properties that the electron must possess as a resonator in order
to explain the resonance volumes described by the wave function, as well as the electromagnetic
interactions between the elementary charged particles making up atomic structures, that could explain
electronic and nucleonic orbitals stability. An unexpected benefit of the expanded space geometry
required to establish these properties and interactions is that the fundamental symmetry requirement
is respected by structure for all aspects of the distribution of energy within electromagnetic quanta at
the subatomic level.

Author(s) Details

André Michaud
Service de Recherche Pédagogique, Québec, Canada.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/265