Studies on Synthesis of N-1 Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives Using Potassium Carbonate and PEG-400 as Green Catalyst | Chapter 11 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

 Indole and benzimidazole, as well as their substituted derivatives, are attracting attention due to their synthetic utility and wide range of pharmacological effects. N-substituted fused heterocyclic compounds are usually physiologically active and could be used to treat cancer. Because of its solubility in water, mild basic character, ease of availability, eco-friendliness, and benign nature, K2CO3 has been found to be essential for a variety of processes. The effect of the catalyst ratio utilised anhydrous K2CO3 for its N-1 alkylation or arylation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde and 2-acetylbenzimidazole is noticed in the presence and absence of phase transfer catalysts such as PEG-400 and TEBAC. The 1:4 ratio of anhydrous K2CO3 to PEG-400 results in easy catalyst handling, mild reaction conditions, and excellent yields when reactions are carried out at 10-15oC. The method's simplicity makes it appealing for making N-fused heterocyclic compounds that could be used as biological replacements.

Author (S) Details

Anjali M. Wanegaonkar
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Sector-8, CBD Belapur - Navi Mumbai- 400614, Maharashtra, India.

Milind J. Bhitre
Deptartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S. N. D. T. Women’s University, Sir Vithaldas Vidyavihar, Juhu Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai- 400 049, Maharashtra, India.

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The Development of Software SOLEEC for Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Designing | Chapter 9 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 2

 SOLEEC, a numerical method for designing PTC, is described in this study (parabolic trough collector). The SOLEEC software is split into two parts. The first provides for the measurement of solar resources for a specific area on Earth, and it can be done for a single day of the year, average values for a single month, or monthly averages over the year. When the user selects the Average Values Across the Year option, annual charts such as solar constant, Earth declination, insolation hours, and sunrise and sunset hours are generated. The user can get five distinct designs based on options one and two in the second step, which is the PTC collector designing and assessment. Options three and four, on the other hand, were created to calculate the thermal evaluation for an operational collector for twelve solar radiation values (year) or simply one average value (monthly), respectively. The software is applied for a PTC collector design in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the results suggest that the location has a good solar resource to be exploited as thermal energy, with a maximum value of 585.52 Wm2 in November. In function of the mat, the programme gives the user with thermal metrics such as heat uptake, heat losses, thermal efficiency, and the minimum mass flow to meet the required temperature.

 
Author (s) Details

Dr. Ernesto Enciso-Contreras
Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Tecnológico Av, 55210, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, México.

Dr. Juan Gabriel Barbosa-Saldaña
SEPI ESIME Zacatenco Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Politécnico Av, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México.

Dr. José Alfredo Jiménez-Bernal
SEPI ESIME Zacatenco Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Politécnico Av, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México.

Dra. Claudia del Carmen Gutiérrez-Torres
SEPI ESIME Zacatenco Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Politécnico Av, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México.

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