Distribution Patterns of Pb in Pb-Contaminated Soil with Composts and Apatite | Chapter 10 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 7

 In the investigation, hydroxyapatite powder and basic compost in various join ratios were organized into two types of high-concentration combined Pb-contaminated soils, that were then treated with sequential ancestry schemes following in position or time distinct incubation periods to scrutinize the distribution of Pb forms in ruling class. The use of compost can supply soil microbial populations with strength needed for their progress, while facilitating the activity of soil microbial peoples and maintaining a equalized ecosystem.  The results granted that the alkaline Tk series soil was less compulsive Pb contamination later stabilization for a month when no hydroxyapatite and fertilizer were applied, making it more troublesome for Pb in the soil to interact accompanying cations and start exchange processes. The two soils tested next had greater PbR cargos following the addition of hydroxyapatite. According to this verdict, hydroxyapatite served to stabilize the Pb in the soil samples and interrupted it from precipitating, upholding the Pb content at a specific level for fear that contamination. We discovered that the PbE aggregation of the Tk series soil abated as the concentration of fertilizer increased when hydroxyapatite and compost were used to the two types of Pb-adulterated soils in different mix percentages. This finding plans that boosting the fertilizer concentration increased the soil's pH worth and improved allure fertility. On the other hand, the Lp series soil's PbE aggregation rose as the fertilizer concentration acted, suggesting that a rise in compost concentration obviated plants from absorbing dissolved nutrients from the soil, making it simpler for Pb to hurry via cation exchange and chief to Pb contamination.  We hope that the research verdicts can be widely applied to adulterated soil treatment, be a part of a reference especially for soil remediation and restoration at soil treatment sites.

Author(s) Details:

Ching-Lin Ho,
Department of Technology and Management, Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Shu-Lung Kuo,
Department of Technology and Management, Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V7/article/view/10537

Experimental Investigation on the Characterization of HA/Alumina and HA/mgo Nanocomposites for Orthopedic Applications| Chapter 12 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

 For the first time, HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites were effectively produced at 250°C utilising the hydrothermal technique. In HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites, the mechanisms of composite production, crystallite size, crystallinity, and shape were investigated. An intermolecular interaction between HA/Alumina and HA/MgO was discovered using XRD and FTIR techniques. The nature of the formation of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites is polycrystalline. The addition of magnesium to HAP promotes osteoblast growth. During the early phases of osteogenesis, magnesium functions like a growth factor, promoting bone production. TEM analysis confirmed it. HAP/Alumina was generated in a short nanorod shape, and HA/MgO nanocomposites have a nanocluster-like morphology, according to TEM images. The suitable vibrational spectra of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites can be seen using FTIR. The band–gap of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites is visible in UV–VIS experiments. This discovery lays the groundwork for future studies on HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

Author(s) Details:

V. Vijayalakshmi,
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India.


N. S. Mohan,
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6084

Substitution of Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO42-) Ions of OCP Hydrated Layers by Dicarboxylate Ions in Hexagonal HAP Nanocrystallites| Chapter 13 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol.7

 OCP (octacalcium phosphate) crystals are apatite-based crystals with hydrated layers that are utilised to make needle or plate-shaped HAP (hydroxyapatite) nanocrystals in apatite chemistry. The crystals are made through a dissolution precipitation process. These reactions resulted in hexagonal HAP nanocrystals being formed under hydrothermal conditions from OCP at 180°C for 3 hours with the pH of the solution adjusted to 5.5 and the addition of dicarboxylate ions such as succinate (OOC.(CH2)2.COO)2- ions with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.560.02, while the morphology of OCP was preserved. During the integration of succinate ions in OCP crystals, the hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) ions in the hydrated layers of OCP are replaced by succinate ions. The crystalline size in the longitudinal direction of various (a,b,c) axes changes depending on the thickness of the laminated plate-shaped HAP crystals since the HAP crystal structure is hexagonal. Here, their size is determined as perpendicular to the (100) plane using Scherrer's equation, D100 = K/ ( cos). SEM, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction studies were used to analyse the organically modified OCP that formed HAP, which has a unique nanostructure with micrometre thickness.

Author(s) Details:

Shiv Prakash Mishra,
Faculty of Science in Chemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya-224001, (UP), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V7/article/view/5929

Transformation of Organo-Modified Thin Plate-Shaped OCP to Laminated Hexagonal HAP Nanocrystals | Chapter 4 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

 Under hydrothermal conditions at 180°C for 3 hours, laminated hexagonal thin plate-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystals are generated from organically salt of dicarboxylic acid (e.g. succinic acid) based plate-shaped octacalcium phosphate (OCP). The pH of the solution is adjusted to 5.5 with respect to temperature during phase transformation, and the complexated succinate ion with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.560.02 is expected. XRD and SEM patterns were used to characterise the morphological observation of crystals. Since the HAP crystal system is hexagonal, the crystallite size in various (a,b,c) axes varies depending on the thickness of plate-shaped HAP crystals. The thickness of these produced crystals, which are perpendicular to the (100) plane and have a submicrometer thickness, is determined using Scherrer's equation D100 = K/(cos).

Author(S) Details

Shiv Prakash Mishra
Faculty of Science (Chemistry) Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya-224001, (U.P.), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V5/article/view/5145

Study of Influence of Seashell (Crassostrea virginica) Precursor and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract on the Microstructure and Anti Microbial Activity of Nano Scale Hydroxyapatite towards Dental Applications | Chapter 3 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an essential osteo dental mineral that occurs naturally in humans. The nanoscale synthesis of the biomineral hydroxyapatite as a versatile ceramic with adhesive properties, as a tissue transplant, and as a dental implant is a work in progress. The research studies have primarily concentrated on using nanocomposites to improve the characteristics of hydroxyapatite for multifunctional applications. There is a need to utilise biowastes (animal or sea wastes) as potential precursors for the production of HA since they contain plentiful minerals. The goal of this project is to convert seawaste/seashell (Crassostrea virginica seashell) into hydroxyapatite, which will then be modified with neem (Azadirachta indica) extract for increased antimicrobial action. The study produced a road plan in two areas: finding the country's abundant natural resources (sea) and efficiently exploiting those resources as precursors for the manufacturing of biomedicated materials. The comparison of the assynthesized material (from the green source) with the sample synthesised from a purely synthetic resource is the study's highlight. Many clues to the synthesis-structure-activity link of HA were found in the examination of microstructure, morphology, and antimicrobial activity. After modification, the effective change in surface morphology and the Ca/P ratio of HAp is a crucial step towards tooth and bone replacement. The benefit of adding more antioxidant natural extracts to HA is dependent on the in situ or post-preparation condition of the HA. The antibacterial capabilities of the produced HAps were tested (Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Candida albicans fungi) and found to be adequate. Finally, the research investigation contributes to the effective design of multifunctionality in the HA biomineral. Dentistry and orthopaedics will profit from it.

Author (S) Details

S. Sudhaparimala
Department of Chemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, University of Madras, Chennai, 600008, India.

R. Usha
Department of Chemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, University of Madras, Chennai, 600008, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2903

Advanced Study on Preparation, Physical-Chemical Characterization, and Cytocompatibility of Polymeric Calcium Phosphate Cements | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 

Background: Much attention has recently been paid to calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) because of their advantages in terms of in situ handling and forming capabilities compared to calcium phosphate bioceramics. Mechanical and in vitro biological physicochemical properties of novel polymeric calcium phosphate cement (CPC) formulations have been investigated.
Methods: to obtain Forms I, II and III CPCs, monocalcium phosphate, calcium oxide and synthetic hydroxyapatite were mixed either with modified polyacrylic acid, light activated polyalkenoic acid or with polymethyl vinyl ether maleic acid. CPCs were compared with zinc polycarboxylate cement (control) setting time, compressive and diametric strength. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify specimens. CPCs and control were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity.
Results: Hydroxyapatite, monetite, and brushite were seen by X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of stretching peaks in the IR spectra of set cements confirmed the acid-base reaction. Rod-like crystals and platy crystals were disclosed by SEM. The cement setting time was 5-12 min. Compared with power, type III showed significantly higher strength values. High biocompatibility was achieved in type III.
Conclusions: In comparison to zinc polycarboxylate cement (control group), Type III CPC displayed acceptable setting time, substantially higher compressive, and diametral tensile strengths. For dental applications, Type III CPCs show promise.

Author(s) Details


Rania M. Khashaba
Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA., Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA. and Department of Dental Materials, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Mervet Moussa
Department of Oral Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt. and Department of Oral Pathology, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 11787, Egypt.

Christopher Koch
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

Arthur R. Jurgensen
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

David M. Missimer
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Ronny L. Rutherford
Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.

Norman B. Chutkan
Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

James L. Borke

Department Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA and Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Biomaterials, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/322