Revolutionizing Material Science: The Impact of Polymeric Nanocomposites | Chapter 1 | Exploration of Knowledge and Information in Sciences

The field of materials science has been revolutionized by the introduction of polymer nanocomposites, which combine the unique properties of polymers and nanoscale fillers to create materials with superior functionalities. The integration of nanoscale fillers into polymer matrices has led to significant advancements in mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of polymer nanocomposites, discussing their classification, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and packaging. Additionally, this study addresses the challenges in the development of these materials and explores future research directions, highlighting their potential to further enhance material performance.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Puneet Gupta
Department of Physics, S. A. Jain (P. G.) College, Ambala City, Haryana, India.

 

Anil Tomar
Department of Physics, S. A. Jain (P. G.) College, Ambala City, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-02-0/CH1

Thin Film Capacitor with Ag/PVA Nanocomposite as Dielectric Layer | Chapter 7 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 4

 The need of persuasive miniature energy depository devices like micro capacitors accompanying high capacitive mass increase day by day in many application areas such as explanation, aviation, industry etc.  and therefore are in active research in current years. Capacitive density of microcapacitors maybe modulated accompanying nanostructured materials by way of the Coulomb Blockade Effect (CBE). In the last decade, the dielectric properties like dielectric neverending (k) and dielectric loss (D) of diverse nanostructured materials have been examined for application as dielectric material in entrenched capacitors. In the present work, fabrication process of the thin film capacitors accompanying Ag/PVA nanocomposites as dielectric layer and their dielectric actions are investigated. The variation of capacitive possessions of the fabricated capacitor accompanying  concentration in Ag/PVA nanocomposite is too investigated. The performance reasoning of the thin film capacitors with Ag/PVA nanocomposite, largeness Ag/PVA composite and only PVA matrix as dielectric layer is stated in this review. The findings regarding the effect of scope of coating on the capacitive possessions of the capacitors is an important ingredient concerning this investigation.

Author(s) Details:

Rajib Saikia,
Sibsagar College, Joysagar (Autonomous), Sivasagar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V4/article/view/12592

Performance Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells via Modification of the PAni-TiO2 Interface with Hydrogen Plasma Treatment | Chapter 07 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 8

 The performance of polyaniline (PAni)-based photoactive layers, which are one of the cheapest materials utilised in the fabrication of organic solar cells, is still being researched. An ITO/(PAni-TiO2)/Au combination was used to make polymer solar cells. The photoactive layers (PAni-TiO2) were treated with a hydrogen-plasma discharge for short periods of time to improve the efficiency of the synthesised solar cells (0, 3, and 5 minutes). Prepared samples and plasma-treated nanocomposite layers were analysed and discussed in terms of shape, microstructure, and optical characteristics. The performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cell samples was thoroughly investigated before and after plasma treatment. The absorbance and optical band gap energy of the PAni-TiO2 photoactive films increased when they were treated. The efficiency climbed to 0.7 percent after 5 minutes of hydrogen plasma processing, compared to 0.36 percent for the pristine cell. A structural change was accompanied by a quick increase in surface roughness, which resulted in a reduction in reflected photons and, as a result, a rise in produced charge carriers.

Author(S) Details

M. Abdelhamid Shahat
PV Unit, Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

Ahmed Ghitas
PV Unit, Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.

F. M. El-Hossary
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

A. M. Abd El-Rahman
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V8/article/view/6540

Electrochemical and Photocatalytic Applications of Silver-doped Cobalt Ferrite Anchored on Graphene Sheets| Chapter 7 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.7

 The current study discusses the hydrothermal production of anAg-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst using silver and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles attached to the surface of reduced graphene oxide. The influence of Ag and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the structural, optical, magnetic, photocatalytic, and electrochemical performance of CoFe2O4 is investigated using a variety of analytical techniques. The graphene sheets are exfoliated and adorned with well-dispersed Ag and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, according to the findings. With the addition of Ag ions, UV-visible spectra indicate a gradual shift in the absorption edge towards higher wavelengths, indicating fluctuation in the samples' energy gap. The photoluminescence results reveal that graphene can improve the photocatalytic activity of the Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite by reducing electron-hole recombination. In this regard, the Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite outperforms the CoFe2O4 and Ag-CoFe2O4 photocatalysts in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, demonstrating that rGO plays a key role in the Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite. Under visible light irradiation, the deterioration rate of the samples is determined to be in the order of CoFe2O4(78.03%), Ag-CoFe2O4(83.04%), and Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO(93.25%) in 100 minutes for MB dye, respectively. M-H hysteresis loop results validate the samples' ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. Overall, the Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite appears to be an effective magnetic photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical performance of all samples was investigated, revealing that the Ag-CoFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite beats the other samples in terms of rate performance and cycle stability.

Author(s) Details:

M. A. Majeed Khan,
King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.


Wasi Khan,
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.


Maqusood Ahamed,
King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.


Jahangeer Ahmed,
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6100

Experimental Investigation on the Characterization of HA/Alumina and HA/mgo Nanocomposites for Orthopedic Applications| Chapter 12 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.11

 For the first time, HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites were effectively produced at 250°C utilising the hydrothermal technique. In HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites, the mechanisms of composite production, crystallite size, crystallinity, and shape were investigated. An intermolecular interaction between HA/Alumina and HA/MgO was discovered using XRD and FTIR techniques. The nature of the formation of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites is polycrystalline. The addition of magnesium to HAP promotes osteoblast growth. During the early phases of osteogenesis, magnesium functions like a growth factor, promoting bone production. TEM analysis confirmed it. HAP/Alumina was generated in a short nanorod shape, and HA/MgO nanocomposites have a nanocluster-like morphology, according to TEM images. The suitable vibrational spectra of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites can be seen using FTIR. The band–gap of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites is visible in UV–VIS experiments. This discovery lays the groundwork for future studies on HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

Author(s) Details:

V. Vijayalakshmi,
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India.


N. S. Mohan,
Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V11/article/view/6084

Structural and Optical Study of Metal Oxide Filled Polymer Blend | Chapter 7 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 10

 PVA/PVP Solvent casting was used to create polymer blends with varying amounts of ZnO nanofillers. The development of polymer nanocomposites is confirmed by FTIR and XRD measurements, which show that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymer results in the formation of polymer nanocomposites. The optical energy gap of nanocomposite films reduces as the weight percent of ZnO increases. The peak's intensity is highest, according to the photoluminescence study. for an 8 percent ZnO doping concentration The dielectric studies show that the electrical conductivity of the films changes when ZnO is added. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles to the mixes improves their mechanical strength, according to the UTM study. The inclusion of ZnO improves the physical properties of PVA/PVP mix films.

Author(s) Details

Vincent Crasta
Department of Physics, St Joseph Engineering College, Mangaluru, Karnataka-575028, India.

Rajesh Kochi
Department of Physics, St Joseph Engineering College, Mangaluru, Karnataka-575028, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V10/article/view/2380

Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Properties of PANI-MWCNT-ZnS Nanocomposites | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 11

 Polyaniline (PANI)-MWCNT-Zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanocomposites were created by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of MWCNT and negatively charged ZnS nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were classified using HRTEM, FTIR, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. HRTEM was used to determine the particle sizes of several nanocomposites, which were found to be about 3.21 nm. The introduction of ZnS nanoparticles in PANI-MWCNT caused a red shift in the band gap, according to absorbance studies. For these samples, the Holstein model nonadiabatic tiny polaron model is appropriate.

Author (s) Details

Mrinmoy Goswami
Department of Physics, Sanaka Educational Trust’s Group of Institutions, Durgapur, Durgapur-713212, West Bengal, India.

Ranajit Ghosh
CSIR, Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-09, West Bengal, India.

Ajit Kumar Meikap
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Durgapur –71309, West Bengal, India.

View Book : https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V11/article/view/1239

Detailed Study on the Effect of Oxidant, Dopant and MO Additive Loading on Morphology, Conductivity and Dielectric Constant of 3D Conducting Polymer PPy/α-Fe2O3 Nanocomposites | Chapter 14 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 6

 Conducting polymer (CP), polypyrrole (PPy), and their nanocomposites (NCs) with metal oxide -Fe2O3 (CP/MO) are generated in situ employing various oxidants and dopants while maintaining varied molar percentages of MO with monomers. FTIR is used to characterise the prepared CPs and their CP/MO NCs PPy/-Fe2O3. SEM and TEM techniques were used to investigate their morphology. The creation of CPs and associated NCs is ensured by the presence of identity bonds on FTIR spectrograms. On the surface of CP and its composites, SEM pictures reveal the presence of roughly spherical nanoparticles (NPs). TEM pictures reveal the existence of NPs embedded in a polymer net with a thickness of less than 20 nm in PPy, as well as nanoclusters/nanorods/nanosheets embedded in a polymer chain of spherical NPs in PPy/-Fe2O3 composites. Using a computer control impedance analyzer, the room temperature ac conductivity (ac) and dielectric constant (') were measured against frequency in the range of 1 Hz to 40 MHz. The increase in ac conductivity (ac) of CP and all of its composites with increasing frequency is attributed to quantum mechanical tunnelling (QMT) in all of the materials studied, revealing its polycrystalline disorder (amorphous and crystalline) structure. The type of oxidant, dopant, and wt percent of added MO have an impact on the IR bands, structure, morphology, ac, and ‘. The effect of oxidants and dopants on the frequency response of ac conductivity and dielectric constant of composites is surprising and powerful.

Author(s) Details

U. B. Mahatme
Department of Physics, K. Z. S. Science College, Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 441501, India.

R. S. Gedam
Department of Physics, VNIT, Nagpur, India.

G. D. Tidke
Department of Physics, N. P. Jr. Science College, Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 441501, India.

R. D. Utane
Department of Physics, Jijamata Jr. Science College, Butibori, Nagpur, 441108 India.

A. H. Rangari
Department of Physics, K. Z. S. Science College, Kalmeshwar, Nagpur 441501, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V6/article/view/1007

Investigation of Silver-Silica Nanocomposites for Advanced Applications | Chapter 10 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 

Due to their advanced applications, nanocomposites (NC) comprising silver particles distributed on a silica matrix have recently attracted interest. Nanotechnology permits the advancement and creation of composite materials based on silver. A rudimentary method for clarifying our scientific understanding of the Ag / SiO2 NCs is physical as well as chemical characterization in the field of material science. In order to analyse the particulate measurements, the crystal phase, the elemental state and, more importantly, the different physical properties of Ag / SiO2 nanocomposites, numerous characteristic techniques were used. A mixture of various characteristic techniques is more appreciated in order to determine the properties and application of the NC samples. The main objective is to outline the methodological perceptions based on the application and growth of the experimental methods for the characterization of the Ag / SiO2 NCs. SEM, EDX, UV-visible spectroscopy, AFM, SPM, TEM, XPS, and FTIR techniques are available for this XRD. AFM, SPM, SEM, EDX, UV-visible spectroscopy, TEM, XPS,  The FTIR techniques are intentional.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Amanvir Singh
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat) Haryana, India.

Ms. Lakshita Phor
Department of Physics, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.

Dr. Heena Dahiya
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.

Dr. Sunita Devi
Department of Chemistry, Maharani Kishori Jat Kanya Mahavidyalya, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.

Dr. Sonia Nain
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.

Dr. Vijay K. Tomer
Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, D. C. R. University of Sci. & Tech., Sonepat, India.

Dr. Surender Duhan
Department of Physics, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/281

Nanocomposites – A Promising Tool in Safe and Effective Drug Delivery | Chapter 7 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.3

Nanocomposites are highly unique and high performing materials, which have now become an
assuring area of research and development. The particle size in nanomaterials makes it more
practicable to be used conveniently in formulating novel drug delivery system and can also be used as
a novel carrier for delivering or targeting drugs. A solid material with one of the phases being one, two
or three dimensional structure with less than 100nm size is called as nanocomposite. Nanofillers are
used in the polymer matrix to improve the properties of nanocomposites. Such nanofillers help in
rendering the nanocomposites higher in weight and increased properties with respect to thermal,
mechanical, chemical, optical, magnetic, electrical properties, etc. leading to much advantageous
drug delivery compared to the basic composites. Recent researches in drug delivery using
nanocomposites is becoming a trend in targeted and site specific drug delivery where many scientific
data have been proved to have safe and effective drug delivery at a faster rate in comparison with
conventional dosage forms. Thus the current review deals with the study of nanocomposites in safe
and effective drug delivery.

Author(s) Details

Dr. X. Fatima Grace
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai – 600116, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/222