An Appraisal of the Variation in the Physico– mechanical Properties of Granitic Aggregates: Focus on Some Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria| Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

Coarse aggregate is an essential constituent of concrete constituting about 60% to 80% of concrete depending on the mix ratio. Granite is reported to be the most widely distributed plutonic rock in the earth crust. It is predominantly available in various parts of Ogun State of Nigeria. Its different properties have been known to strongly influence the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete. In this study, samples of four different sizes of granites (9.5 mm, 12.5 mm, 19 mm and 25 mm) were obtained from four different quarry sites across the state. Sieve analysis was carried out on samples from all the locations while the physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption and the Mechanical properties such as aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value of the samples were evaluated. The result of the sieve analysis reveals that there are variations in the gradations of samples from the various locations. The results of the specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption vary from 2.61 to 2.86, 0.69 to 1.22%, 0.16 to 2.13% respectively. While the aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value vary from 18.30 to 28.12% and 6.21 to 9.45% respectively. It was therefore concluded that there are variations in the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in Ogun State of Nigeria. The observed variations occur in relation to the various sizes and for the different quarry sites.  

 

Author(s) Details.

S. S. Omopariola

Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

A. A. Jimoh

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/etert/v5

Physicochemical Analysis of Seven Hazelnut Varieties Cultivated in Portugal | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 

The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. Hazelnuts are a good source of proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid), carbohydrates, fibre, minerals, vitamins (such as vitamin E), phytosterols, and also phenolic antioxidants. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Grada de Viseu's kernels were found to be heavier, but the Gunslebert's had heavier-shelled fruits and more elongated hazelnuts. Gunslebert had a tougher core, Segorbe was more fracture-resistant, and Grada de Viseu had a harder shell. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases, the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). The results also established the expected ranges for each colour parameter in the shell, hilum, skin, and kernel, with Butler exhibiting a clearer shell and Tonda de Giffoni exhibiting a clearer hilum and skin. In contrast, Negreta exhibited a clearer kernel. As for texture, Grada de Viseu had a harder shell while Gunslebert had a harder core.  Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (𝜆 = 0.007) and water activity (𝜆 = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

 

Author(s) Details

Ana Cristina Ferrão

CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal.

Raquel P. F. Guiné

CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal.

Elsa Ramalhosa

CIMO, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.

Hugo Martins

Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-506 Viseu, Portugal.

Roberto Gonçalves

Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-506 Viseu, Portugal.

Paula M. R. Correia

CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v2/404

 

Physico-Chemical Properties of Incessantly Cultivated Rice-Fallow and Uncultivated Soils of Nalbari District, Assam, India | Chapter 4 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 3

 

Rice is the major cereal crop of Assam. Continuous cultivation of crops with improper management practices in the long term deteriorates the soil’s physical and chemical properties and declines crop yield. This study aimed to assess the changes in physical and chemical properties of soils due to long-term continuous cultivation of rice under a rice–fallow system and that was compared with adjacent uncultivated soils of Nalbari district of Assam. A total of 120 soil samples, 60 from cultivated rice-fallow and 60 from uncultivated soils, were collected covering 23 villages. Soil physical properties (bulk density; BD, water holding capacity; WHC, and moisture content; MC) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity; EC, organic carbon; OC, available N, available P, available K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, available S, available Zn and available B) analyzed were evaluated using descriptive statistics. SPSS software (version 16.0) was used to analyse all the collected data. The results indicated that the soils under cultivation with rice-fallow were significantly (P<0.05) higher in BD (1.40 Mg m-3) and lower in WHC (41.34%) than the adjacent uncultivated soils (BD=1.34 Mg m-3 & WHC=42.26%). Findings also showed that soil’s chemical properties were significantly (P<0.05) lower in cultivated rice-fallow soils than the uncultivated soils (pH=5.51 and 5.93, OC=0.63 and 0.89%, available N=245.56 and 418.37 kg ha-1, available P= 31.27 and 42.62 kg ha-1, available K=120.98 and 145.90 kg ha-1, exchangeable Ca=5.35 and 5.93 C mol (p+) kg-1, available S=53.42 and 61.14 kg ha-1, available Zn=0.31 and 0.39 mg kg-1 and available B=0.41 and 0.48 mg kg-1) respectively. Continuous cultivation of crops without adopting proper management practices leads to a decline in soil physical and chemical properties. To sustain soil health and crop productivity, it is crucial to adopt proper soil management strategies such as the balanced use of fertilizers based on soil test values, incorporation of organic manure, and inclusion of legumes in the cropping sequence.

 

Author(s) Details

Manashi Chakravarty
College of Horticulture & FSR, Nalbari, Assam Agricultural University, Assam-781338, India.

 

Utpal Jyoti Sarma
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baksa, Assam Agricultural University, Assam-781346, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v3/5844

Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks in the Karst Region of Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi| Chapter 8 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 1

 Panaikang, Biraeng Village, Minasate'ne District is individual of the villages in the Pangkep karst area that has a topographical study of animal with many cracks, fissures, and craters on the surface. The karst establishment strongly depends on the process of separating carbonate rocks due to interplay with the water. Physical and machinelike properties are main limits that determine accomplishment of rock in the karst region. This study calculated porosity, density and compressive substance of rock in the karst region of the Pangkep Regency to decide its efficiency. The rock samples used were 10 rocks captured from the karst area accompanying a minimum distance of each sample about 10 meters. The results showed that the rock types noticed at the karst area are dolomite rock formed from sediment and a modified rock formed from sediment with range of porosity profit of 0–5% and 5–50%, respectively. As a consequence, the rocks in the karst region have varied compressive substance. Compressive strength results show that the lower principles of porosities (i.e.  0–5%) pertain the range of compressive substance values of 25-50 MPa while the larger values of porosities (that is 5–25%) correspond to the range of compressive substance values of 5-25 MPa. Whereas the rock densities principles were in the range of 2.2-2.7 gr/cm3. The karst area in Panaikang Village, Biraeng Village, Minasate'ne District, is governed by limestone, that has the potential to become a excavating area or rock digging used as a natural resources for cement, carbide, bleaching agent for making beverage ash, acid neutralizing soil manure, ceramic manufacturing, rubber and exhaust industry.

Author(s) Details:

Muhammad Arsyad,
Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl. Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Vistarani Arini Tiwow,
Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl. Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Agus Susanto,
Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl. Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Sulistiawaty,
Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl. Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Iitra Achbar Sahdian,
Earth Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kampus UNM Parangtambung Jl. Daeng Tata Raya Makassar 90224, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V1/article/view/10035

Review on Resin Modified Core Build Up Materials | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

The study's objective is to assess and comprehend the significance of altering resin-based core building materials in order to improve their physical and chemical properties. The oro-facial structures' structural harmony, operational effectiveness, and aesthetic coherence should all be recoverable using restorative materials. It must have the following characteristics in order to satisfy these requirements: enough flexural strength to avoid dislodging of the core during function; enough compressive strength to withstand forces inside the mouth; pins, posts, dimensional stability, ability to attach to tooth structure, and biocompatibility with the surrounding tissues. Some materials, such as Bulk Flow materials and materials that release fluoride, such as Fluorocore, Absolute dentin core build-up composite, and Pulpdent Hardcore, may now be applied in bulk. Most resin-based core build-up materials must be applied in increments to cure properly. The advancement of core building materials and their ability to replicate the structural and functional characteristics of natural tooth structure are hence permanent.

 

Author (s) Details

Gitanjali Singh

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Lalit C. Boruah

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Akanksha Bhatt

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Swikriti Agrawal

Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V2/article/view/7629

Application of Mollusc Seashell as Aggregate in Concrete | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 3

 Recycling waste materials in cement-based products has been the subject of recent studies on sustainable construction. Large quantities of mollusk seashells are frequently discarded as rubbish along beaches or in landfills, bringing health and environmental problems including as pollution and vector breeding. Mollusc seashell waste is managed by recycling the seashell as a partial or complete replacement for natural aggregate in concrete. Cockle, mussel, oyster, periwinkle, and scallop shells have been utilised as coarse and fine aggregate replacements in concrete. The calcium carbonate content of mollusc seashells is similar to that of limestone-type rocks. Although mollusk seashells contain chlorides, sulphates, and harmful organic materials, their contents can be reduced by washing and boiling. The qualities of mollusc seashell concrete, as well as the treatment, preparation, and features of mollusk seashells, are covered in this chapter. The existing state, limitations, and future potential of mollusk seashell in sustainable concrete building are also discussed. Concrete's workability, density, and strength qualities all diminish as more seashells are replaced. Crushed seashell can be used as a partial fine aggregate in concrete up to 20% without compromising the density or strength of the concrete. As a result, mollusk seashells can be utilised as a secondary aggregate in concrete, especially in areas where large quantities of seashells are available.

Author(S) Details

Uchechi G. Eziefula
Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Nigeria.

David O. Onwuka
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Hyginus E. Opara
Department of Civil Engineering, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V3/article/view/4757

Nanodontics- A New Horizon in Dentistry | Chapter 17 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3

 The use of nanotechnology in dentistry is known as nanodentistry. With the beginning of the twenty-first century, a new paradigm for state-of-the-art patient care was thrust upon dentistry. Proteomics, gene therapy, vaccine development, stem cells, tissue engineering nanotechnology, and drug development using combinatorial chemistry have all made significant advancements in recent years.

Although much of this work has been made in the preclinical and translational research stages, some important breakthroughs have already been made in the clinic. Nanodentistry is the future of dentistry, in which every procedure is carried out with nanotechnology-based equipment and instruments. Nanoscale-structured materials and nanorobots will be used for all diagnosis and treatments. These materials and gadgets will be able to accurately diagnose a problem and give a remedy in the lowest amount of time and with the greatest degree of precision.

Nanotechnology allows for the creation of materials with a longer life span and a near resemblance to natural materials. Nanoproducts for various dental treatments have higher hardness, flexibility, and strength, as well as a longer shelf life, than those used in traditional dentistry. They will also have a more appealing appearance in terms of colour, texture, and aesthetic appeal.

Author (S) Details

Sunantha Selvaraj
Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamilnadu, 636006, India.

Dorairaj Jayachandran
Department of Periodontics, Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamilnadu, 636006, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V3/article/view/3311

Recent Design and Development of Hydraulic Jack Operated Hose Crimping Machine | Chapter 8 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 16

 The purpose of this chapter is to explore the invention of a hydraulic hose crimping machine that does not require power. According to a thorough review of the literature, the authors were inspired to design a hydraulically powered crimping machine by the manufacture of electrically powered crimping machines. When the rig is in motion, this type of crimping machine comes in handy, and it's also great for emergency crimping to avoid downtime. Using Autodesk inventor software, the author created critical system components and attained a safety factor better than one for all critical components. When the safety factor is less than one, crucial components are exposed to potentially dangerous operating situations. For the required crimping on a 19.05 mm hose, the entire assembly was successfully manufactured. Crimping the required hose size was successfully confirmed on the crimping machine. The configuration of the machine can be changed to accommodate a variety of die sizes for crimping hoses of various sizes.

Author (S) Details

Dinesh Keloth Kaithari
Department of Mechanical and Industrial engineering, Caledonian college of engineering, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Pradeep Kumar Krishnan
Department of Mechanical and Industrial engineering, Caledonian college of engineering, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Hisham Mohammed Salim Al Burtamani
Department of Mechanical and Industrial engineering, Caledonian college of engineering, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V16/article/view/1993

Physical Properties of Dispersed Silica: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

In this paper physical properties as distribution width (Qx, percent ) and density (qx, percent ) of colloidal dispersed system were defined photon cross correlation spectroscopy (PCCS) at average size as 17.06nm for D50, percent and area of specific surface as 349.96 m2/cm3 depending on molar (Rm2) optimal ratio of silica stone mineral to alkali ash powder. By X-ray diffraction analysis was determined its change of crystal structure to amorphous state. The findings of their kinematic viscosity, liquid density, and UV light adsorption inspections suggest that the wetting and ultrasonic vibration method for that fusible alloy can make colloidal silica.

Author (s) Details

E. Tserenjav
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia. 

V. Jigmeddorj
Department of Physics, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

B. D. Lygdenov
Department of Metallurgy, East Siberian University of Technology and Management, Russia.

U. Bayaraa
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

U. Magvan
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1160

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Various Cooking Oils: A Recent Study | Chapter 12 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 The study was based on a comparison of physical and physicochemical features, as well as antioxidant potential, of various cooking oils in order to raise consumer awareness. The nutritional and edible quality of cooking oil is influenced by its chemical and physicochemical composition. The physical, physicochemical, and antioxidant qualities of cooking oils extracted from sunflower, corn, canola, soybean, and rapeseed available for consumers as different commercial brands were acquired from the local market and analysed. On the basis of physical qualities such as aroma, specific gravity (P=.65), and refractive index (P=0.84), all of the selected oils were found to be statistically similar. Except for one brand of each of the sunflower, corn, and canola oils, all of the chosen oils contained vitamin A. The physicochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity of the selected oils and their blends were significantly different (P=.000). Because of their lower acid, peroxide, and saponification values and stronger antioxidant potential in terms of free radical scavenging capability, corn and rapeseed oils were found to be the top quality oils. The findings of the study would be useful to both consumers and researchers in determining which cooking oils are of the highest quality on the market. Due to satisfactory physical, physicochemical, and antioxidant qualities, rapeseed oil and corn oil B1 were found to be the best among the evaluated oils.

Author(s) Details

Haq Nawaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Muhammad Aslam Shad
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Saira Hassan
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Muhibullah Shah
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Haseeba Shahzad
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Raheela Jabeen
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Women University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Aqsa Nawaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Zakia Riaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Sumaira Jamal
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V5/article/view/1142

Characteristics of Afzelia africana Seed under Compressive Loading: An Empirical Study | Chapter 6 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 7

 Using a Monsanto Tensometer, Afzelia africana seeds were subjected to a quasi-static parallel plate compression test. At four different moisture content levels of 10.6 percent, 12.8 percent, 15.2 percent, and 18.4 percent wet basis, the loading orientations were horizontal, vertical, and edge-to-edge (wb). At different moisture contents ranging from 10.6 percent to 18.4 percent, slight differences in the means of the physical characteristics were observed. The loading location had a noticeable impact on all of the mechanical properties investigated. When loaded horizontally and vertically, the rupture force increased as the moisture content increased, but there was no clear pattern in variation when loaded on the edges. Vertical loading was 155.68 N, horizontal loading was 139.27 N, and edge-to-edge loading was 81.0 N. In the moisture content range of 10.6 to 18.4 percent, hardness ranged from 6.97 to 6.92 N/mm for horizontal loading, 6.92 to 6.67 N/mm for edge-loading, and 6.99 to 6.93 N/mm for vertical loading. For the same range of moisture content, rupture energy ranged from 104 to 416.33 N-mm on horizontal loading, 59.96 to 241.82 on edge loading, and 190.125 to 419.171 N-mm on vertical loading. For horizontal loading, edge-edge orientation, and vertical loading, toughness ranged from 43.758 to 8.865 N-m/mm, 23.563 to 5.370, and 44.667 to 16.349 N-m/mm, respectively, for moisture content of 10.6 to 18.4 percent. In the range of moisture content of 10.6 to 18.4 percent, the modulus of elasticity fell from 35.657 to 28.133 N/mm2 for horizontal loading, from 51.443 to 14.59 for edge-to-edge loading, and from 38.087 to 41.04 N/mm2 for vertical loading. The information gathered in this study can be used to estimate the amount of energy and force required to shell the seeds, as well as to make recommendations for the loading situation that will require the least amount of energy for the activity and shelling. Physical properties are also useful in the design and study of processes. Vernier callipers were used to calculate physical characteristics such as major, minor, and intermediate diameter. Others were measured using the primary dimensions of weight and linear dimensions derived from the measurements, such as arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameters, sphericity, bulk density, porosity, and surface area.

Author (s) Details

Dr. C. O. Nwajinka
Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Dr. C. U. Onuegbu
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Dr. D. O. Amaefule
Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V7/issue/view/41

An Appraisal of the Variation in the Physico– mechanical Properties of Granitic Aggregates: Focus on Some Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

Coarse aggregate is an essential constituent of concrete constituting about 60% to 80% of concrete depending on the mix ratio. Granite is reported to be the most widely distributed plutonic rock in the earth crust. It is predominantly available in various parts of Ogun State of Nigeria. Its different properties have been known to strongly influence the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete. In this study, samples of four different sizes of granites (9.5 mm, 12.5 mm, 19 mm and 25 mm) were obtained from four different quarry sites across the state. Sieve analysis was carried out on samples from all the locations while the physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption and the Mechanical properties such as aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value of the samples were evaluated. The result of the sieve analysis reveals that there are variations in the gradations of samples from the various locations. The results of the specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption vary from 2.61 to 2.86, 0.69 to 1.22%, 0.16 to 2.13% respectively. While the aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value vary from 18.30 to 28.12% and 6.21 to 9.45% respectively. It was therefore concluded that there are variations in the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in Ogun State of Nigeria. The observed variations occur in relation to the various sizes and for the different quarry sites.   

Author(s) Details

S. S. Omopariola
Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Prof. A. A. Jimoh
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187