Superior Sagittal Sinus: Normal and Varied Anatomy and Associated Clinical Implications |Chapter 13 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

 

The superior sagittal sinus is the largest venous sinus enclosed in two layers of the dura mater and situated in the midline in the groove in the parietal bone. The superior sagittal sinus drains blood from the cerebral hemisphere of the brain. It begins at the foramen cecum anteriorly and ends at the confluence of sinuses posteriorly. The superior sagittal sinus is divided into three types, namely, the anterior part extending from the foramen cecum to bregma, the middle part extending from bregma to lambda and the posterior part spanning from lambda to confluence of venous sinuses.

 

The anatomical variations of the superior sagittal sinus are common and may involve any of the three parts mentioned, but most commonly involve the cranial part of the superior sagittal sinus. Various variations observed in the cranial part of the superior sagittal sinus include hypoplasia, which may be unilateral or complete and duplication. These variations are important for neurologists and radiologists as they may be mistaken for venous sinus thrombosis, leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. The chapter throws light on the normal configurations, variations in its configuration, embryological aspect along with the repercussions of the varied configuration of the superior sagittal sinus. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the dural venous sinuses is clinically significant during neurosurgical procedures involving the cranial cavity. For surgical resection of the petroclival meningiomas, the information regarding the patterns of drainage of the confluence of sinuses is of paramount importance. Lack of awareness of the detailed anatomy of the dural venous sinuses may lead to misinterpretation of radiographs of the posterior cranial fossa and subsequent mismanagement. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of the anatomical variations of the superior sagittal sinus is essential for accurate radiological interpretation and safe neurosurgical intervention.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rajani Singh
Department of Anatomy, Graphic Era of Medical Sciences, Dhulkot 248007, Dehradun, UK, India.

 

K. C. Thakur
Department of Anatomy, Graphic Era of Medical Sciences, Dhulkot 248007, Dehradun, UK, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7312

An Appraisal of the Variation in the Physico– mechanical Properties of Granitic Aggregates: Focus on Some Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria| Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

Coarse aggregate is an essential constituent of concrete constituting about 60% to 80% of concrete depending on the mix ratio. Granite is reported to be the most widely distributed plutonic rock in the earth crust. It is predominantly available in various parts of Ogun State of Nigeria. Its different properties have been known to strongly influence the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete. In this study, samples of four different sizes of granites (9.5 mm, 12.5 mm, 19 mm and 25 mm) were obtained from four different quarry sites across the state. Sieve analysis was carried out on samples from all the locations while the physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption and the Mechanical properties such as aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value of the samples were evaluated. The result of the sieve analysis reveals that there are variations in the gradations of samples from the various locations. The results of the specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption vary from 2.61 to 2.86, 0.69 to 1.22%, 0.16 to 2.13% respectively. While the aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value vary from 18.30 to 28.12% and 6.21 to 9.45% respectively. It was therefore concluded that there are variations in the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in Ogun State of Nigeria. The observed variations occur in relation to the various sizes and for the different quarry sites.  

 

Author(s) Details.

S. S. Omopariola

Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

A. A. Jimoh

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/etert/v5

Evaluation of the Effect of Local Aromatic Plant Marinades and Cooking Regimes on Colour and Quality of Borgou Beef in Benin | Chapter 8 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 5

 

Meat production in Benin is primarily supplied by the national cattle herd, which comprises a genetic diversity predominated by the Borgou breed. The quality attributes of beef are directly influenced by processing techniques such as marination and cooking. Marination plays a crucial role in improving tenderness, juiciness, and flavour while also conferring antioxidant and antimicrobial effects that enhance meat safety and shelf life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of marination and cooking duration and temperature on the technological properties and sensory profile of Borgou beef. This study was conducted from April 2020 to December 2023, at the central slaughterhouse of Parakou and at the Quality Control Unit of the laboratory of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Parakou, located in the Department of Borgou in Benin. To this end, 10 composite samples of Longissimus thoracis muscles of Borgou cattle were sampled and used for the analyses according to the recommended AOAC and ISO standards. The study showed that the values of the ratio L1*/L0* and a/a₀ differ significantly between meat cooked at 99°C and 66°C. The various stages of heating are visually reflected by the change in colour from red to white-gray, then brown, and finally black. At 66°C and 99°C, samples whiten and do not change colour until the end of cooking, except for some brown traces. Marination affects the technological properties of both raw and cooked meat. The luminance of marinated meat is significantly higher than that of control (non-marinated) samples (p<0.01). Conversely, the red index of marinated meat is significantly lower than that of control samples (p<0.05). Regarding the yellow index, the highest value was recorded in meat marinated with Curcuma longa (p<0.05). The most intense hue was observed in the control lot. Only the chroma of the meat was unaffected by marination. The pH of marinated meats is significantly more acidic than that of the control lot. Turmeric marination significantly reduces cooking loss, whereas bay leaves promote higher water release during cooking (p<0.001). The integration of traditional aromatic plants not only improves physicochemical stability and sensory attributes but also provides natural antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits. Future studies should investigate the antimicrobial activity of the different marinades used in the study and assess the microbiological safety of the marinated beef.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Polycarpe Ulbad TOUGAN
Department of Nutrition and Agro-Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Benin and Laboratory of Food Security and Quality of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.

 

Nathalie KOUBIA
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v5/6669

The Use of Computational Tools to Investigate the Impact of SARS-CoV2 Spike Protein Variants on Human Antibodies | Chapter 10 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Understanding the process of formation of the complexes between Spike protein variants that make up the structure of the SARS-CoV2 virus and human antibodies, brings light into how variations have an impact on this complex formation. In this work, databases such as CoV3D, PDB and pyDockWEB were used to collect sequencing results and structures of SARS-CoV2 variants. Finally, molecular docking was also used in order to predict the interaction between the virus' Spike protein and antibodies. These results were then made available on a website produced exclusively for public dissemination of these analyses. Among other answers, this work serves as a guideline for molecular docking studies of the interaction between Spike protein variants and human antibodies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sérgio Amorim de Alencar

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Rickson Passos Campoe

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Yasmin Rezende

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Rute Pereira de Souza

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/1106

The Use of Computational Tools to Investigate the Impact of SARS-CoV2 Spike Protein Variants on Human Antibodies | Chapter 10 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Understanding the process of formation of the complexes between Spike protein variants that make up the structure of the SARS-CoV2 virus and human antibodies, brings light into how variations have an impact on this complex formation. In this work, databases such as CoV3D, PDB and pyDockWEB were used to collect sequencing results and structures of SARS-CoV2 variants. Finally, molecular docking was also used in order to predict the interaction between the virus' Spike protein and antibodies. These results were then made available on a website produced exclusively for public dissemination of these analyses. Among other answers, this work serves as a guideline for molecular docking studies of the interaction between Spike protein variants and human antibodies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Sérgio Amorim de Alencar

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Rickson Passos Campoe

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Yasmin Rezende

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

Rute Pereira de Souza

Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v4/1106

Weekly Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Occurrence among Different Populations in Southwest China | Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 The causes of an increase in intracerebral bleed (ICH) on a given epoch are uncertain. Previous research has found that it changes by region and public. In this study, a total of 5038 patients accompanying first-onset ICH were registered to detect weekly differences in ICH occurrence in southwest China and to evaluate differences in ICH incident among various populations. We discovered that the repetitiveness of ICH in southwest China varies on a newspaper basis and is very influenced by determinants like sex, age, comorbidities, lifestyle, and place of residence or business where one can be contacted. This shows that regional and people factors grant permission affect newspaper fluctuations in the incidence of ICH.

Author(s) Details:

Yun-Tao Pu,
Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Ning Yan,
Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

En-Yuan Wang,
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.

Yan-Yue Wang,
Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V6/article/view/10288

Surgically Important Variations of Coeliac Trunk | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

The coeliac trunk supplies arterial blood to the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, abdominal oesophagus, pancreas, and duodenum, which are all foregut derivatives. The vascular structure of the pancreas is critical for surgeons performing ligation and arresting profuse bleeding during pancreas surgery. As a result, understanding the arteries that supply the pancreas and their variations is crucial. There was an uncommon tetrafurcation of the celiac trunk here. Apart from the normal three branches, the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries, the celiac trunk has a fourth branch, the dorsal pancreatic artery, which supplies the majority of the pancreas.

Author (s) Details

Dr. P. K. Sankaran
Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Mangalagiri, India.

Dr. R. Sarah
Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Mangalagiri, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V11/article/view/2503

Are There Significant Variations on Rainfall and Temperature Overtime (1986-2015) in Siaya County, Kenya ? | Chapter 4 | New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 1

This study was carried out in Siaya County. The purpose of the study was to find out if there are significant variations on temperature and rainfall overtime (1986-2015) in Siaya County. The secondary data used for the Mann-Kendall test was attained from the metrological department of Siaya County. The Mann- Kendall results from mean annual average temperature, and mean annual rainfall indicated that Siaya County had no significant trends on rainfall and temperature over time (1986-2015) but it had variation on the same as consecutive years varied on the temperatures and rainfall levels. The metrological department of Siaya County should find a way of ensuring that rainfall and temperature variations County data is made available to community members as it could help in developing resilience strategies to climate change and knowing how best they can manage their livelihoods even with the continuation of the variations. It is also important to note that rainfall and temperature variations affects all aspects of human life ranging from health, education, economy, social to political affairs hence should be treated with a lot of care and concern in confirming their credibility and use. 

Author(s) Details

 Dr. Beatrice Atieno Abura
School of Spatial Planning and Natural Resources Management (SPNRM), Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.  

Prof. Patrick Odhiambo Hayombe
School of Spatial Planning and Natural Resources Management (SPNRM), Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

Dr. Warkach Kipkorir Tonui
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST), P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/204

An Appraisal of the Variation in the Physico– mechanical Properties of Granitic Aggregates: Focus on Some Quarry Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

Coarse aggregate is an essential constituent of concrete constituting about 60% to 80% of concrete depending on the mix ratio. Granite is reported to be the most widely distributed plutonic rock in the earth crust. It is predominantly available in various parts of Ogun State of Nigeria. Its different properties have been known to strongly influence the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete. In this study, samples of four different sizes of granites (9.5 mm, 12.5 mm, 19 mm and 25 mm) were obtained from four different quarry sites across the state. Sieve analysis was carried out on samples from all the locations while the physical properties such as specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption and the Mechanical properties such as aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value of the samples were evaluated. The result of the sieve analysis reveals that there are variations in the gradations of samples from the various locations. The results of the specific gravity, moisture content and water absorption vary from 2.61 to 2.86, 0.69 to 1.22%, 0.16 to 2.13% respectively. While the aggregate impact value and aggregate crushing value vary from 18.30 to 28.12% and 6.21 to 9.45% respectively. It was therefore concluded that there are variations in the physical and mechanical properties of granites produced in Ogun State of Nigeria. The observed variations occur in relation to the various sizes and for the different quarry sites.   

Author(s) Details

S. S. Omopariola
Department of Civil Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Prof. A. A. Jimoh
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/187