Comparative Study of the Structural, Optical and Antibacterial Properties of CaO/ rGO- CaO Nanocomposites | Chapter 03 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 8

 

Recently, graphene-based materials decorated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have gained great interest among researchers owing to their wide range of technological applications. Herein, we have synthesised reduced graphene oxide-calcium oxide nanocomposites (rGO-CaO) by a wet chemical route using a simple one-pot synthesis technique. Graphene oxide was synthesised via modified Hummer’s method and CaO nanoparticles were synthesised using a wet chemical method. Multi-characterisation techniques like X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to compare the structural and optical properties of CaO and rGO-CaO nanocomposites. Morphological examination revealed the growth of CaO nanoparticles onto the surface of rGO sheets. PL emission intensity of rGO-CaO nanocomposites was found to be greater than that of pure CaO nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the prepared samples was compared using Gram-negative E. coli bacteria.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Rekha S
Department of Physics, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, 68011, India and Women’s Polytechnic College, Ernakulam, Kerala, 683104, India.

 

Sreeja V G
Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College (Autonomous), Ernakulam, Kerala, 68011, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v8/6587

Rose Petal (Rosa indica) Extract as a Natural Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent against Oral Microbes - An In vitro Study | Chapter 9 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 3

Introduction: Development of antibacterial agents aggravates the emerging antibiotic resistance; much attention has to be paid to natural produts. Nature has gifted with many herbs that have been found to have bactericidal and fungicidal action and these have been used from ages. One among them is Rose(rosaindica) which is easily available everywhere like other herbs. Many diseases of oral cavity are bacterial and fungal, especially all the immune compromised patients are affected with fungal and bacterial infections. Use of synthetic drugs may result in side effects and antibiotic resistance. So, the present study is all about determining the antibacterial and antifungal effect of rose. Hence, determining its application in dentistry, these can be used as an alternate to synthetic drugs to cure diseases.

 

Material and Methods: Oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, the main microorganisms implicated in the initiation and progression of caries, were selected for the study. Petals of Rosa indica were used for the preparation of ethanolic extract. 100 g of the powdered sample were soaked in 300 ml of Ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The sample obtained from the soxhlet apparatus was then dissolved in (dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO. This is used to detect Antimicrobial activity of Rosa indica. Both zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated using Agar well diffusion method and micro-dilution method respectively. The results thus obtained were then compared with the control against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

 

Results: Zone of inhibition of rose extract was found to be 18 mm, 16 mm, 10 mm at 1000 µg, 500 µg, 250 µg against Streptococcus mutans, which was less than the control kanamycin (24 mm) and zone of inhibition was 26 mm, 24 mm, 22 mm at 1000 µg, 500 µg, 250 µg against Candida albicans which was greater than the control ketaconozole (19 mm). Thus, the rose extract has both antibacterial and antifungal property. Antifungal effect is more than antibacterial effect of rose.

 

Discussion: Zone of inhibition of rose extract is more when compared to ketaconozole, an antifungal drug and less than kanamycin, an antibiotic drug. Rose extract has both antibacterial and antifungal property. Antifungal effect of rose is more than antibacterial effect and it is very effective against fungal diseases.

 

Conclusion: We can state that roses have both antibacterial and antifungal activity. In the present study rose extract has more antifungal property than antibacterial property. Extract of rosaindica has promising effect in curing fungal diseases mainly in opportunistic infections of immunocompromised patients. This study adds knowledge encouraging the integration of traditional herbal remedies in modern clinical practice

 

Author (s) Details

Swetha R
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, AP, India.

 

Shobana R
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

Sunayana M
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Prabu D
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Raj Mohan
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Naveen Raj
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v3/5569

Profiling the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Syzygium cumini | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and other pharmacological actions, have all been reported in chemical literature using plants from the Syzygium genus in the treatment and prevention of disease. Syzygium cumini or Jamun is an evergreen tropical tree present in the myrtaceae family. Leaves of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) were collected from the Institute of Applied Science and Technology (IAST), University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus. They (leaves) were then dried in an oven set at 50-60ºC for 72 h after which final moisture content is calculated. The dried leaves were grounded to a fine powder. Extraction of phytochemical was done using the following solvents: ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents. Afterwards, mixture of each solvent and phytochemicals extracted was subjected to evaporation leaving only the extract behind. The respective solvent was added to viscous semi solid liquid extract in order to make up the desired volume of extract solution. The micro-organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candidus albicans) were obtained from GPHC, Georgetown, Guyana. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal activity of different leaves extract was examined by Oyaizu, disc diffusion and poison plate methods. The maximum and minimum antioxidant power of leave extract exhibited by methanol and chloroform extract, respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate were found to have maximum and minimum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candidus albicans by disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of the Syzygium cumini leave extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, proteins, amino acids and flavonoids. The leaves of S. cumini are use as food for live stocks. The leaves and bark are used for control blood pressure. Wood of S. cumini is water resistance because of this it is use in railway sleepers and to install motors in wells. Vinegar and wine are also made from the fruits. It has high source of vitamin A and C. Seeds of S. cumini are used in various alternative healing system like Unani, Chinese and Ayurveda medicine. This book chapter aims to summarize the phytochemical, microbial and oxidant properties of Syzygium cumini.

Author(s) Details:

Brij Bhushan Tewari,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O. Box 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V9/article/view/13259

Enanhencing the Adhesion of CuO Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity by Using Ecofriendly Surface Modification of Cotton Fabric | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 3

 The present stage employs a facile and environmentally detergent plasma science to induce adhesion middle from two points the cotton material and CuO nanoparticles. The oxygen plasma pre-treatment of understand fabric was acted using DC glow discharge plasma for various plasma situation times (5, 10 and 15 min) accompanying constant pressure and capacity. The untreated and plasma doctored cotton structures were analysed by contact angle, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM),X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and elemental mapping reasoning. The untreated cotton exhibits a enhance surface with an average surface coarseness of 24 nm, whereas the roughness of red body fluid treated understand fabric increases gradually accompanying an increase in plasma situation time. The AFM results show that when the plasma situation time increases, the medicated fabric's surface roughness increases also. Cotton fabric's cohesion is caused by oxygen-rich functional groups that are received to the surface by the oxygen red body fluid treatment, according to XPS study. The 15 brief time period oxygen plasma medicated cotton fabric is optimised to coat the CuO nanoparticles established the AFM and XPS analyses. Additionally, gram-definite and gram-negative microorganisms were shown to exhibit considerable uncontaminated activity when the CuO nanoparticles hidden plasma treated understand fabric was commit an antibacterial test. It is concluded that the ratification of plasma electronics is a possible alternative for imparting hydrophilic possessions to textiles in a detergent and environmentally friendly manner accompanying- out any perilous chemicals as pursued by established chemical processes.

Author(s) Details:

G. Shanmugavelayutham,
Department of Physics, Plasma Processing Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.

S. B. Tharchanaa,
Department of Physics, Plasma Processing Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.

T. Anupriyanka,
Department of Physics, Plasma Processing Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V3/article/view/12597