Substituted Arylidene Imidazolones: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies | Chapter 7 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

Ten analogues of acetylphenyl tethered imidazolones (4.12a-j) from 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones were prepared and characterised by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectra. All the analogues have shown moderate to good antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus. By means of FabI of S. aureus, docking studies were carried out. Altogether, the compounds were proven to be inhibitors of enoylacylcarrier proteinreductase.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Y. Aparna
Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

N. J. P. Subhashini
Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/6759

Rose Petal (Rosa indica) Extract as a Natural Antibacterial and Antifungal Agent against Oral Microbes - An In vitro Study | Chapter 9 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 3

Introduction: Development of antibacterial agents aggravates the emerging antibiotic resistance; much attention has to be paid to natural produts. Nature has gifted with many herbs that have been found to have bactericidal and fungicidal action and these have been used from ages. One among them is Rose(rosaindica) which is easily available everywhere like other herbs. Many diseases of oral cavity are bacterial and fungal, especially all the immune compromised patients are affected with fungal and bacterial infections. Use of synthetic drugs may result in side effects and antibiotic resistance. So, the present study is all about determining the antibacterial and antifungal effect of rose. Hence, determining its application in dentistry, these can be used as an alternate to synthetic drugs to cure diseases.

 

Material and Methods: Oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, the main microorganisms implicated in the initiation and progression of caries, were selected for the study. Petals of Rosa indica were used for the preparation of ethanolic extract. 100 g of the powdered sample were soaked in 300 ml of Ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus. The sample obtained from the soxhlet apparatus was then dissolved in (dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO. This is used to detect Antimicrobial activity of Rosa indica. Both zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated using Agar well diffusion method and micro-dilution method respectively. The results thus obtained were then compared with the control against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

 

Results: Zone of inhibition of rose extract was found to be 18 mm, 16 mm, 10 mm at 1000 µg, 500 µg, 250 µg against Streptococcus mutans, which was less than the control kanamycin (24 mm) and zone of inhibition was 26 mm, 24 mm, 22 mm at 1000 µg, 500 µg, 250 µg against Candida albicans which was greater than the control ketaconozole (19 mm). Thus, the rose extract has both antibacterial and antifungal property. Antifungal effect is more than antibacterial effect of rose.

 

Discussion: Zone of inhibition of rose extract is more when compared to ketaconozole, an antifungal drug and less than kanamycin, an antibiotic drug. Rose extract has both antibacterial and antifungal property. Antifungal effect of rose is more than antibacterial effect and it is very effective against fungal diseases.

 

Conclusion: We can state that roses have both antibacterial and antifungal activity. In the present study rose extract has more antifungal property than antibacterial property. Extract of rosaindica has promising effect in curing fungal diseases mainly in opportunistic infections of immunocompromised patients. This study adds knowledge encouraging the integration of traditional herbal remedies in modern clinical practice

 

Author (s) Details

Swetha R
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, AP, India.

 

Shobana R
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

Sunayana M
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Prabu D
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Raj Mohan
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

Naveen Raj
Department of Public Health Dentistry, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v3/5569

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) Ink for Managing Fish Pathogens | Chapter 1 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 9

 This study proposed to investigate the potential of sea coney's ink (Dolabella auricularia), as a microbial power against fish pathogens. Aquaculture remains a increasing, active and essential result sector for high-protein food that is surely consumable and of high organic value. Globally, aquaculture impersonates marine and interior capture fisheries for two-thirds of the total fish supply for human devouring. The findings concerning this study could potentially supply the costly and dangerous antibiotics currently secondhand in aquaculture. Six (6) cast pathogens were subjected to antimicrobial assays, and the results indicated that all six pathogens displayed growth inhibition at various concentrations. The study found that Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Vibrio cholera, and Staphylococcus epidermidis shown significant activity (very alive), while, Salmonella sp. and Proteus vulgaris, with incompletely active observation. Furthermore, toxicity reasoning for nauplii revealed an LC50 advantage of 529.12, indicating that the sea coney's ink is moderately poisonous. Based on these results, it is recommended to test allure bioactive secondary metabolites for their potential use in developing new drug agents against growing plants in liquid disease. A better understanding of the sea lagomorph's ink take care of lead to the development of new cure for aquaculture affliction management.

Author(s) Details:

Fabio C. Ruaza, Jr.,
Department of Fisheries, Marine and Environmental Sciences, North Eastern Mindanao State University, Lianga Campus, Poblacion, Lianga, Surigao del Sur, Philippines.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V9/article/view/11172

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Carica papaya L. Seed Extracts: A Recent Study| Chapter 9| Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

 Antimicrobial powers are abundant in medicinal plants. Many strong and useful cures are derived from medicinal plants, that are used in various nations. Carica papaya roots, crops, bark, seeds, and pulp have existed shown to have therapeutic belongings. It has been used to treat conditions in the way that eczema, warts, sinusitis, cutaneous tubercles, upset stomach, blood pressure, amenorrhoea, and constipation. Carica fruit is a more important medicinal spice that is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders all over the world. Carica fruit seeds were approved and rooted in some studies for their productive anthelmintic properties against nematodes found in mammals.  It is a member of the Caricaceae family. Carica fruit (Papaya) seeds were gleaned using a soxhlet apparatus utilizing solvents such as flammable liquid, methanol, and chloroform. The completely clean and antifungal activity of extracts at differing concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μg/ml) was examined using the agar plate diffusion method accompanying three gramme positive, three gramme negative microorganisms, and two fungal species. For antibacterial and antifungal ventures, gentamicin and fluconazole were chosen as standard medicines. Methanol and toxin extracts inhibited gramme negative germs in a more excellent manner than ethanol extract. Ethanol and poison extracts demonstrated a larger district of inhibition (10-15 mm) than methanol extract for gramme helpful microorganisms. Candida albicans exhibited a 15, 16 mm district of inhibition in chloroform and intoxicating extracts at concentrations of 150 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, Aspergillus niger exhibited a district of inhibition of 11, 13 mm in 150 μg/ml methanol and solvent extracts, respectively. According to the judgments of these investigations, Carica papaya children extracts have very strong antibacterial and antifungal venture in both intoxicating and chloroform extracts.

Author(s) Details:

S. Sundar,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Padmalatha,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A. Jayarami Reddy,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A. Bhavana,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

N. K. S. Neeraja,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

S. Jaya Sai Keertana,
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V10/article/view/8803

Assay of Commenila benghalensis Linn. Leaf Extract on Selected Microbes | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 The goal of the current investigation was to determine whether C. benghalensis L. leaf extract has any antibacterial properties in order to understand the pharmacological underpinnings of the plant's traditional use in folk medicine to treat infectious disorders. In contrast to the hexane and methanolic extracts, the chloroform extract showed the greatest activity against the pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 7 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, respectively. The presence of tannin, favonoid, phenol, carbohydrate, and volatile oil was also Using the dilution susceptibility test method, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the chloroform extract was identified. According to the latest research, Commelina benghalensis L leaf extract can be used to treat common pathogenic bacteria.

Author(s) Details:

Urvashi Sinha,
Department of Botany, Patna Women’s College, Patna, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V7/article/view/8051

Antimicrobial Potential of Hemolymph Lectin and Solvent Extracts of Tissues of Marine Crab, Atergatis integerrimus against Fish and Clinical Pathogens | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 7

 Marine crabs are a rich source of bioactive chemicals with pharmacological capabilities, and antibacterial efficacy against clinically important infections has been established. The antibacterial activity of solvent extracts of different tissues and hemolymph lectin of Atergatis integerrimus against four fish and human pathogenic bacteria and four fungal pathogens is investigated in this study. E. coli was sensitive to the majority of the solvent extracts, while Enterococcus faecalis was particularly sensitive to the chloroform extract of the carapace and the butanol extract of the hemolymph. With butanol extract of entire body against Streptococcus mutans and Bacillus subtilis, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded. The butanol extract of ovary, whole body, and crude hemolymph showed the greatest zone of inhibition against Vibrio harveyi when evaluated against the diverse tissue extracts. The acetone and ethylacetate extracts of hepatopancreas were toxic to Aeromonas hydrophila. The growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger was suppressed by butanol extracts from various tissues. Candida albicans growth was inhibited to considerable extent by chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts. Almost all of the tissue extracts tested were resistant to Pencillium notatum. Based on preliminary research, a small number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi were chosen to investigate the effect of the pure lectin of Atergatis integerrimus, and antimicrobial activity was observed in all pathogens tested at a concentration of 100 g. As a result of our research, we can conclude that the tissue extract contains bioactive chemicals that particularly target pathogenic microorganisms, and that the isolated lectin, a crab defence molecule, has antimicrobial properties as well.

Author(S) Details

T. Elayabharathi
Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, India.

J. Vinoliya Josephine Mary
Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, India.

S. Mary Mettilda
Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, India.

Balaraman Deivasigamani
CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608502, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V7/article/view/5124