Substituted Arylidene Imidazolones: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies | Chapter 7 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

Ten analogues of acetylphenyl tethered imidazolones (4.12a-j) from 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones were prepared and characterised by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectra. All the analogues have shown moderate to good antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus. By means of FabI of S. aureus, docking studies were carried out. Altogether, the compounds were proven to be inhibitors of enoylacylcarrier proteinreductase.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Y. Aparna
Matrusri Engineering College, Saidabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

N. J. P. Subhashini
Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/6759

Uridine Derivatives as Potential Human Gene Protein Inhibitors | Chapter 5 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 8

 

Uridine (Urd) is a promising biochemical modulator to reduce host toxicity caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) without impairing its antitumor activity. Elevated doses of Urd are required to achieve a protective effect against 5-FU toxicity, but exogenous administration of Urd is not well-tolerated. Selective inhibitors of human uridine phosphorylase (hUP) have been proposed as a strategy to increase Urd levels. Nucleosides and their analogues are well-known classes of clinically useful medicinal agents with antiviral and anticancer activities. In our study, two new series of nucleoside derivatives were synthesised from uridine (1) through a facile two-step reaction involving direct acylation, which afforded 5′-O-acyl uridine derivatives in reasonably good yields. These intermediates were further converted into two series of 2′,3′-di-O-acyl derivatives to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The newly synthesised compounds were characterised by physicochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic analyses and subsequently tested in vitro against selected human and plant pathogenic strains. The results demonstrated moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities, with the compounds showing greater efficacy against fungal phytopathogens than bacterial strains. Notably, some compounds exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared with standard antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed for five selected compounds (6, 11, 13, 16, and 17) based on their biological activity. Furthermore, all synthesised derivatives were optimised using density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/3-21G) to predict their thermal stability and molecular orbital properties. Molecular docking studies were conducted using the human gene-encoded protein 5WS1 to evaluate their binding affinity and interaction modes. Additionally, pharmacokinetic properties were assessed through ADMET and SwissADME analyses, revealing improved profiles. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis was also performed. Overall, these findings suggest that the synthesised compounds could serve as promising leads for the development of novel antimicrobial agents with enhanced biological efficacy for future pharmaceutical applications.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sarkar M. A. Kawsar
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

S. M. Sajid Hasan Shammo
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Md. Farhan Labib
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Jahidul Islam Sajal
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Akibul Islam
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Tasfia Tabassum
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Abonti Barua
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Niloy Bhattacharjee
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Md. Rithoan Hossain
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Nazia Islam
Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v8/6586

 

Spasmolytic Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, and Molecular Docking Studies of Anthranilic Acid Hybrids | Chapter 8| Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 3

Anthranilic acid and its analogs have an impressive biological profile; its structural nucleus has been thoroughly studied for the development of pharmaceuticals. Due to the predicted in silico methods spasmolytic activity, we synthesized a hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and substituted 2-phenylethylamines. Phenylethylamines are serotonin agonists and are building blocks of isoquinoline alkaloids. Therefore, the synthesis of a new hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and substituted 2-phenylethylamines, is extremely interesting in view of what properties the newly obtained molecule would inherit from both fragments. The current study has shifted towards the synthesis of novel hybrids as spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory agents. DFT calculations and docking simulations were performed on the synthesized compounds. The obtained results from all the experiments demonstrate that the hybrid molecule and its diamides inherit spasmolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, making them excellent candidates for future medications. Based on the experimental data, we can conclude that a collection of Novel 2-phenylethylamine hybrids were successfully synthesized and they can be considered as antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drug candidates – alternatives to current therapeutics.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Miglena Milusheva

Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Vera Gledacheva

Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Iliyana Stefanova

Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi

Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Mina Todorova

Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Yulian Tumbarski

Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani

Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Stoyanka Nikolova

Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v3/11872F

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Mononuclear Bis(2-aminopyridine) Zinc Complex | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

In this paper, a simple one-pot synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of novel N-Zn complex is described. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker AM-300 spectrometer. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Mattson Galaxy Series FTIR 3000 spectrometer. 2-Aminopyridine reacts with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O in alcohol and forms the mononuclear bis(2-aminopyridine)- zinc complex, whose structure was determined via X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex is also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis. The crystal is a prism and has a spacegroup of P2(1)/n, with the following parameters: with a = 9.1914(8) Å, b = 13.8595(12) Å, c =13.2921(12) Å, α = 90.00 º, β = 92.474 º, γ = 90.00 º, λ =0.7103°, V = 1691.7(3), Z = 4, Dc = 1.459 g/cm3, Mr = 371.69 and F (000) = 768, R = 0.0416, wR = 0.0793 for 3689.

 

Author (s) Details

Luo Mei
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei-230009, P.R., China.

 

Tang Hai Ming
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei-230009, P.R., China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/2729

Microwave-Assisted Chemistry: A Brief Overview | Chapter 9 | Advancements in Science and Technology: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future

The method for carrying out chemical reactions has changed as a result of advanced developments in microwave chemistry. This cutting-edge field uses microwave radiation to improve chemical reactions, leading to shorter reaction times, higher product yields, and more economical energy use. The use of microwaves in chemistry has gained popularity over the last few decades because of their many advantages over conventional heating methods. This Chapter explores the foundational ideas of microwave chemistry, the underlying mechanisms, real-world applications, benefits, and possible future advancements.

 

Author (s) Details

Rajni Mohil
Department of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women, Shahzadpur, Ambala, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-39-3/CH9

Applications of Green Chemistry and Nanotechnology as a Potential Solution for Sustainability | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 10

Nanotechnology is a crucial tool for the environmentally friendly synthesis of noble nanomaterials. Green synthesis is superior to traditional chemical processes due to its cost-effectiveness, reduced pollution, and enhanced environmental and public health benefits. Nanomaterials, derived from plants, offer numerous benefits to living things. Additionally, nanomaterials are cost-effective, and have minimal environmental and health impacts, making them a promising area of nanotechnologies. This study explores the integration of green chemistry and nanotechnology as a potential solution for sustainable development in the context of global environmental awareness. This study also discusses the integration of various domains and the potential of innovative nanomaterials and methodologies to enhance green chemistry principles. Utilizing nanotechnology can lead to the formation of more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable chemical processes. This research shows recent advancements in green synthesis techniques, nanocatalysis, and the utilization of nanomaterials for energy storage and environmental remediation. It emphasizes balancing sustainability by considering nanotechnology's potential risks and lifetime implications. The study explores the green synthesis of nanomaterials, highlighting their benefits in reducing harmful compounds, energy consumption, and process effectiveness. It highlights nanostructured materials for renewable energy, environmental monitoring sensors, and cleaner chemical reactions. It emphasizes the need for risk evaluations and lifecycle analysis for responsible innovation and sustainable practices. This study's findings highlight the necessity of comprehensive regulatory bases and ongoing interdisciplinary research to optimize emerging technologies' economic and environmental benefits. Integrating nanotechnology and green chemistry is crucial to a more sustainable future. This review explores the eco-friendly synthesis of plant-based nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis, drug development, diagnostics, and biological research.

 

 

Author (s) Details

 

Selvaraja Elumalai
Raffles University, Neermanda, India.

 

Meenakshi Sharma
Raffles University, Neermanda, India.

 

Venkata Lakshamana Sagar Dantinapalli
Raffles University, Neermanda, India.

 

Mylsamy Palanisamy
Acharya Nagarjuna University, India.

 

Akhilesh Kumar Kuril
Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v10/3857

Synthesis and Applications of Xanthate Esters | Chapter 8 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 1

We herein present a base-induced cycloaddition of active methylene isocyanides like tosyl methyl isocyanide and ethyl isocyanoacetate with xanthate esters for the synthesis of 5-(alkoxy)-4-(tosyl/ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazoles in DMF. In addition, we have explored xanthate esters as alkylating agents for amines in the presence of an acid catalyst. Finally, the reaction between xanthate esters and aryl methyl isocyanides produced carbamothioates in the presence of a base in DMF.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Toreshettahally R Swaroop
Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru – 570 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Rajaghatta N Suresh
Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru – 570 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Muddegowda Umashankara
Department of Chemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Muktagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v1/3943

Thermotropic Liquid-crystalline Properties of Azomethine Dimers: Synthesis and Characterisation | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 11

Azomethine is one of the most important function groups that can be used in preparing many functional materials including liquid-crystalline compounds as well as polymers and semiconducting materials. This key functional group is the basis of forming a large number of rod-like and banana-shaped mesogens forming thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) compounds. Herein, a series of azomethine dimers 1-14 that were prepared by condensation reactions of benzaldehyde, biphenyl carboxaldehyde and 9-anthraldehyde with various aromatic diamines of varying flexibility in ethanol in the presence of tosic acid, was described. Their chemical structures were determined by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, as well as elemental analysis. Their thermal properties were also examined by using several experimental techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), polarising optical microscopy (POM) and variable temperature X-ray diffraction (VTXRD). IR spectra were recorded with a Shimadzu Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyser with neat films of azomethine compounds on KBr pellets. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of several azomethine dimers at both room temperature and high temperature, usually at 95 °C whenever possible, were recorded with a Varian nuclear magnetic resonance (VNMR) 400 spectrometer with three radio frequency (RF) channels operating at 400 and 100 MHz, respectively, in d6- DMSO using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, since their solubility in the chosen deuterated solvent was rather low at room temperature. Azomethine dimers 1-2, prepared from benzaldehyde and 1,9-bis(4-aminophenoxy)nonane, exhibited a monotropic, nematic liquid-crystalline (LC) phase. The majority of the azomethine dimers containing biphenyl moieties 3-8 exhibited enantiotropic, nematic LC phase on melting at relatively low temperatures since they developed typical Schlieren, threaded or marbled textures in their LC phase. They also had accessible isotropisation temperatures well below their decomposition temperatures. Azomethine dimers containing anthracene moieties 9-14 did not exhibit LC properties but exhibited polymorphism as determined by POM and VTXRD in two cases. All these azomethine dimers 1-14 had excellent thermal stability that was in the broad range of temperatures of 307–400°C depending on their degrees of aromaticity index. In future, studies could focus on designing stimuli-responsive dimers of these functional groups for advanced optoelectronic applications or incorporating them into polymer networks for high-performance materials.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Pradip K. Bhowmik
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.

 

Haesook Han
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.

 

Alexi K. Nedeltchev
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.

 

Hari D. Mandal
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Boulevard, Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

 

Jose A. Jimenez-Hernandez
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Boulevard, Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

Patrick M. McGannon
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Boulevard, Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

 

Leonardo Lopez
Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Boulevard, Laredo, TX 78041, USA.

 

Shin-Woong Kang
Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

 

Satyendra Kumar
Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v11/4228

Synthesis and Characterizations of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation | Chapter 8 | Innovative Solutions: A Systematic Approach towards Sustainable Future

 Aims: To synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles by simple precipitation method, their characteristics and investigate the photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticle for the photodegradation of Brilliant Green (BG) dye.

Study Design: Synthesis of Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles by precipitation method and photocatalysis of Brilliant green by using Cr₂O₃  nanoparticles.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, between January 2024 to May 2024.

Methodology: The Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation technique using chromium nitrate as precursor. The synthesized Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques.

Results: XRD patterns were well matched with the JCPDS card number 00-038-1479 with rhombohedral structure with the crystallite size of 15.98 nm. The SEM analysis revealed the oxide particles to have quasi spherical morphology. The band gap of Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles was calculated using Tauc’s plot and found to be 2.9 eV.  From the BET the maximum specific surface area was found to be 16.609 m²/g associated with a pore volume of 0.066 cc/g.

Conclusion: Chromium oxide is a very good catalyst and can be used for photodegradation of a dye and helpful in commercial production of removal of such pollutants.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ruthu H S
Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Banglore-560064, Karnataka, India.

 

Sarvesha Chandra Shyagathur
Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Banglore-560064, Karnataka, India.

 

Abhishek Hiremath

Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Banglore-560064, Karnataka, India.

 

Jayadev Pattar
Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Banglore-560064, Karnataka, India.

 

Sreekanth R
Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Banglore-560064, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-47-3/CH8

Spasmolytic Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, and Molecular Docking Studies of Anthranilic Acid Hybrids | Chapter 8| Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 3

 Anthranilic acid and its analogs have an impressive biological profile, its structural nucleus has been thoroughly studied for the development of pharmaceuticals. Due to the predicted in silico methods spasmolytic activity, we synthesized a hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and substituted 2-phenylethylamines. Phenylethylamines are serotonin agonists and are building blocks of isoquinoline alkaloids. Therefore, the synthesis of a new hybrid molecule of anthranilic acid and substituted 2-phenylethylamines, is extremely interesting in view of what properties the newly obtained molecule would inherit from both fragments. The current study has shifted towards the synthesis of novel hybrids as spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory agents. DFT calculations and docking simulations were performed on the synthesized compounds. The obtained results from all the experiments demonstrate that the hybrid molecule and its diamides inherit spasmolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, making them excellent candidates for future medications. Based on the experimental data, we can conclude that a collection of Novel 2-phenylethylamine hybrids were successfully synthesized and they can be considered as antispasmodics and anti-inflammatory drug candidates – alternatives to current therapeutics.

 

Author (s) Details

Miglena Milusheva,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Vera Gledacheva,
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Iliyana Stefanova,
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi,,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Mina Todorova
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Yulian Tumbarsk,
Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

Stoyanka Nikolova,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

 

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v3/11872F

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Novel Ethoxylated Pyrazoline Derivatives: Promising Molecules for Drug Design in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Pyrazolines are the most important class of compounds in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries and (are considered) the most promising molecules for the design of new drugs. In this study, eleven novel ethoxylated pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensing chalcones with an ethoxy group and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of alcohol, highlighting their significance as promising molecules for drug design in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The synthesized compounds underwent thorough characterization using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Evaluation of these compounds for in vitro antioxidant activity through 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide assay methods revealed moderate to good antioxidant properties. Notably, the compound EH2, with a methoxy group, displayed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 9.02 and 9.44µg/ml, while EH9, featuring a hydroxy group, exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 12.41 and 14.56µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assays, respectively, surpassing the standard. Compounds containing electron-donating substituents demonstrated superior antioxidant capabilities compared to the standard ascorbic acid.

Author(s) Details:

B. Lakshminarayanan,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Sanjo College of Pharmaceutical Studies, Vellappara, Palakkad, Kerala – 678 702, India.

Vijayakumar B.,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Athalur, Kodunthirapully, Palakkad, Kerala – 678 612, India.

P. Parthiban,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vellalar College of Pharmacy, Maruthi Nagar, Thindal, Erode, Tamil Nadu – 638 012, India.

N. Kannappan,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram - 608002, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V7/article/view/13544

Role of Sulphur Containing Heterocycles in Medicinal Chemistry | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Sustainable Future

Numerous applications of heterocyclic chemistry can be found in daily life. In the structure of heterocyclic compounds are heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur. Numerous heterocyclic molecules that contain sulphur as a heteroatom have important physiological characteristics and practical medical uses.
 
Sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds are considered a significant category due to their broad therapeutic applications like antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-HIV, and anti-inflammatory. This study focuses on the basic structure, properties, and synthesis of thiirane, thietane, thiophene, thiazole, and benzothiophene compounds and their biological importance.

Author(s) Details:

Pooja Sethi,
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana –Ambala- 133207, Haryana, India.

Ketan Vashisht,
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana –Ambala- 133207, Haryana, India.

Khushi Sharma,
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana –Ambala- 133207, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDSTSF/article/view/13390

Assessment of In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Two Different Synthesized Fatty Amides Derivatives against Some Microbial Pathogens: A Recent Study | Chapter 5 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 In this present branch, two amide derivatives accompanying long chains; N-phenyldodecanamide (dodecanilide) 1 and N-cyclohexyloctamide 2 were synthesized and proven in vitro for a roomy array of antimicrobial activities against two Gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), four Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica), and three mold fungi (Aspergillus carbonarius, Mucor ramannianus, Candida albicans), to judge their potential use as antimicrobial agents. The plate diffusion assay was used to decide the zones of inhibition of these compounds.  The two amides' meaningful antibacterial endeavors were indicated apiece results. The newly synthesised greasy N-cyclohexyloctamide 2 had antibacterial action against S. aureus and A. carbonarius, and was more persuasive against C. albicans due to bigger zones of inhibition than the earlier created oily anilide 1. Contrarily, the substituted fatty amide 2 was less productive against S. enterica than the fatty anilide 1, that had higher uncontaminated activity against P. aeruginosa. Based on these findings, it is possible to deduce that oily amide derivatives maybe used as cleansing ingredients and as potential beginnings for new medications that are persuasive against a variety of spreading diseases.

Author(s) Details:

Malki Fatiha,
Laboratoire De Recherche Sur Les Produits Bioactifs Et Valorisation De La Biomasse, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 16308,BP 92, Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V3/article/view/9763

2-Amino-N-(Substituted Alkyl) Benzoxazole-5- Carboxamide Derivatives as Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Drugs| Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2

 The objective of the Present work is to synthesize, characterization and Pharmacological evaluation of 2-Amino-N-(substituted alkyl) benzoxazole-5- carboxamides for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities starting from 4-carbomethoxynitrophenol. Evaluation of the compounds showed Vc(R=ethyl), Ve(R=propyl) and Vg (R=diisopropyl) V g (R=propyl) as the most powerful ones. When compared to the standard ascorbic acid, compound Vf (R=isopropyl) demonstrated a substantially higher percentage of free radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 of 4.65. Vf is regarded as a medication that has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Author(s) Details:

Arunadevi Parlapalli,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India.

Kishore,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India

Manasa Cidda,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India.

Sarangapani Manda,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V2/article/view/9171

Biological Aspects of Heteroring Annelated Benzothiazoles | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 5

 The current study discusses important developments in heteroring annelated benzothiazole derivatives compounds, including potential advancement tendencies and prospects of benzothiazole synthesising derivatives, which are derived from the evaporation of 2-amino benzenethiol of rather aldehydes/ketones/acids/acyl chloride ions as well as such carbonylation of thioamide but rather carbon dioxide (CO2) as natural resources. Heterocyclic compounds include at least one other element, such as sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen, in addition to at least one carbon molecule in their ring structure. Benzothiazoles are examined in terms of their synthesis processes, structural modifications, chemical reactivity, and possible medicinal efficacy. The method looks into the concept, framework, or production processes that went into the content. The secondary data used in this study was gathered from the sources.  In order to produce a portion of this evaluation that appeared perfect and exact, the qualitative method was applied. The methodology employed in inquiry research is a useful one. This approach picks a selection of individuals, articles, or even magazines from a sizable collection. Benzothiazole, a molecular heterocyclic structure, is being researched as a potential contender for such large-scale, often medicinal chemical synthesis. It is quite durable because of its aromatic components, but it also has reactive services that aid in the synthesis process. The benzothiazole ring is essential in the color synthesis used to identify lanthanide metal cations in aqueous environments.

Author(s) Details:

Vatsala Soni,
Department of Applied Sciences, Chemistry, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V5/article/view/8298

Synthesis of Holmium-beta-cyclodextrin Complex| Chapter 4 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol.3

The reason for this study was to play out the amalgamation of the holmium-beta-cyclodextrin complex (Ho-β-CD). Cyclodextrins are utilized as water solvency enhancers. To achieve this, Ho-β-CD complex was blended by vanishing technique for holmium and beta cyclodextrin arrangements in an extent (1:1) and (1:3), separately. The compound was recognized utilizing X-Ray Diffraction, Raman, and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Filtering electron microscopy was utilized to look at the morphology (SEM) of the Ho, β-CD, and Ho-β-CD.

Author(s) Details:

A. R. Rojas-Mena,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Dirección de Investigación Científica, Gerencia de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Apdo, Postal 18-1027, 11801, México.

H. López-González,
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Dirección de Investigación Científica, Gerencia de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Apdo, Postal 18-1027, 11801, México.

A. Rojas-Hernández,
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, Área de Química Analítica, Apdo, Postal 55-534, 09340, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V3/article/view/7963

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives | Chapter 7 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 

 When 1-methylpiperidin-4-one was converted to the corresponding -unsaturated ketones, the reaction time should not exceed 4 hours. The DBU was selected as the best strong base for the reaction of the -unsaturated ketones and malononitrile. Then, using a moderate synthetic method, fifteen new tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds were produced. The 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra were used to confirm the structures of all the compounds. Four human tumour cell lines, including human colon cancer (HCT116), non-small cell lung cancer (H1975), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and human pancreatic cancer, were used to assess the anticancer effects of these compounds (BxPC-3). Compounds 4i and 4j, which had GI values of 59.1 and 63.0 percent, respectively, demonstrated significant growth inhibitory activity against the whole subpanel tumour under examination.

Author(s) Details:

Xue-Ting Feng,
College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Dao-Cai Wang,
College of Biologic Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.

Hang Song,
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

Shun Yao,
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V4/article/view/7810

Microwave Synthesis of Substituted 1- Aryl Pyrroles by Clauson-Kaas Reaction Using Oxone as a Catalyst | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 

 Oxone has been discovered to be an effective and quick synthesis medium for new substituted pyrroles. In the current study, an effective approach for producing N-substituted pyrrole derivatives via Clauson Kaas reaction employing a catalyst and a variety of solvents is being investigated. This approach offers impressive benefits such a straightforward workup, simple experimental setup, excellent yield, and the avoidance of toxic solvent. The 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectra have been used to confirm the structures of recently synthesised substances.

Author(s) Details:

G. Kumaraswamy,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

G. Brahmeshwari,
Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.

M. Ravichander,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

V. Raju,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V4/article/view/7807

Synthesis of Sulphonamides Using Threonine, and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities| Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

Aim: Using threonine, an important amino acid, a series of bioactive sulphonamides were synthesised and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity were assessed.

Methodology: Sulfamoyl carboxylic acids were produced by reacting L-threonine with sulphonyl chloride, and their carboxamide derivatives were generated by ammonolysis. FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analyses were used to determine the structures of the produced compounds. In vitro and in silico tests were used to measure antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Compounds 1b and 1d had the greatest in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The strongest antioxidant activity was found in compound 1f (IC50 = 1.1500.003g/ml). Compound 1a had a greater antibacterial binding energy (-11.51 kcal/mol) than penicillin (-10.89 kcal/mol), while compound 1c had an antifungal binding energy (-10.48 kcal/mol) similar to ketoconazole (-10.85 kcal/mol).

Conclusion: Sulfonamide derivatives derived from threonine have been discovered to have antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Author(s) Details:

Melford C. Egbujor,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Uchechukwu C. Okoro,
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria.

Chigbundu N. Emeruwa,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.

Odera R. Umeh,
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Mercy I. Eziafakaego,
Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Pius I. Egwuatu,
Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Ifeanyi S. Amasiatu,
Department of Biochemistry, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6581

Determining the Synthesis, Chemical Modification and Biological Properties of N-acylphenothiazines | Chapter 09 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 This review organised theoretical and experimental data on the many methodologies for the synthesis of N-acylphenothiazines. The goal of this study was to synthesise all of the literature published in the last 20 years around the world. This study also looked at the pharmacological effects of these heterocycles as one of the most promising chemotherapeutic targets in modern bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. The great biological potential of these moieties is assumed to be due to the radical quality of the acyl moiety. As a result, the new study will add to the literature and act as a springboard for medicinal chemistry experts to perform additional research on N-acylphenothiazine moieties as possible chemotherapy medicines.

Author(S) Details

Iryna Myrko
Department of General, Bioinorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska St.69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine.

Taras Chaban
Department of General, Bioinorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska St.69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine.

Yulia Matiichuk
Department of General, Bioinorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska St.69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine.

Mohammad Arshad
College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi 11911, Saudi Arabia.

Vasyl Matiychuk
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya St. 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V1/article/view/6530