Nano-Crystalline Tricalcium Silicate Bio-cement: Fabrication, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity| Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

The synthesis of tricalcium silicate phases in nanoscale particles was achieved by two distinct techniques: the solid-state reaction and the sol-gel approach. The solid-state procedure depends on the direct firing of a mixture of molar ratios of ultra-pure calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide at around 1500°C, whereas the sol-gel method is dependent on when calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate combine at pH = 4.5, a C3S gel is created. An investigation was conducted to compare the two produced powders using various techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pH values, calcium ion concentration, micro-hardness test, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The agar diffusion method is used to assess the antibacterial activity of free-released Ca2+ ions. The results show that compared to the sample made using a solid-state process, the C3S powder synthesized using the sol-gel approach has higher chemical reactivity with an increasing rate of hydration reaction. The sol-gel sample has a higher pH and calcium ion concentration, a more alkaline hydration medium, improved hardness values, and a faster setting time. The test sol-gel sample's higher influence from Ca ions generated throughout the hydration process allowed it to demonstrate substantially better antibacterial activity.

Author(s) Details:

Ass. Prof. H. K. Abd El-Hamid,
Department of Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14338

Investigation of Various Synthesis and Characterization Techniques for the Magnetite Nanoparticles | Chapter 9 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 11

 Due to their enormous number of uses, synthesis and characterisation of metal particles in the nano-range are of great concern. Magnetite nanoparticles have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to the use of magnetic, electrical and optical properties in certain particular applications. Therefore it is important to analyse the different methods and mechanisms for the growth of magnetite nanoparticles, as the physical and chemical properties depend on the growth mechanism of the nanoparticles. This first part of this chapter deals with the processing by various methods of magnetite particles, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, thermal decomposition, microemulsion, System of co-precipitation and co-precipitation, along with a summary of the pros and cons. The second half of this chapter discusses the study of physical and chemical properties in order to examine the applications of synthesised magnetite nanoparticles in different fields. This can be done by a systematic and detailed analysis of various function techniques. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are studied in depth for this X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Author (s) Details

Dr. Nidhi
Department of Physics, BMU, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak- 124021, India.


Dr. Heena Dahiya
Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.


Dr. Surender Duhan
Department of Physics, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (Sonepat)-131 039, Haryana, India.



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Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Derived Mn-doped ZnO Films with Optical and Piezoelectric Properties | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol.1

In this work, Mn-doped ZnO films obtained by sol-gel (SG) and hydrothermal (HT) methods were prepared for possible optical and piezoelectric applications. The amount of Mn dopant was 1, 2 and 5at% and the films were deposited on glass and Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt substrates. The comparative characterization of the films for their structure, morphology, optical and piezoelectric properties was achieved. SG films exhibit equiaxed nanoparticles, with diameters around 50 nm, while uniform 1D nanorods, sized about 30 nm diameter and 200-300 nm length, were obtained for the films prepared by HT method. XRD diffractograms reveal the presence of zincite phase, with an improvement in crystallinity of the HT films, which present a stronger orientation along (002) plane (c-axis). Spectroscopic ellipsometry shows that the films obtained by SG are much thinner than the ones obtained by HT, and that the refractive index is increasing with the percent of dopant. The maximum transmission is the highest for the undoped ZnO film and decreases with Mn concentration, but remains over 78% in the visible range. The piezoelectric tests have shown for both SG and HT derived films low d33 coefficient. The highest value of d33 is obtained for HT film with 2at% dopant.  Based on the obtained results the research directions for the improvement of piezoelectric properties could be outlined.

 Author (s) Details

 Maria Zaharescu
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

 Susana Mihaiu
 “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

Cristina Maria Vladut
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

 Ecaterina Tenea
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

 José María Calderόn-Moreno
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

Mihai Anastasescu
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

 Hermine Stroescu
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

  Irina Atkinson
 “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.

Nicoleta Apostol 
NIMP-National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiștilor, 077125 Măgurele – Ilfov, Romania.

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