Study on SIR Epidemic Model with Constant Vaccination: A Differential Transformation Approach | Chapter 10 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

Vaccination initiatives have resulted in significant levels of permanent protection against the childhood disease in the general population over the years. Infectious disorders affecting children are the most common. In this paper, a SIR model is created to track the temporal dynamics of a childhood disease in the presence of a preventative vaccine. For disease control and eradication, the qualitative analysis provides the vaccine reproductive number R V. The goal of this study is to use the differential transformation method (DTM) to compute an approximation to the solution of the problem's nonlinear system of differential equations. To demonstrate the answers, graphical results are provided and quantitatively discussed.

Author (S) Details

S. F. M. Ibrahim
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of science For Girls, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt.

Soad Moftah Ismail
Department of Basic science, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University For Science &Technology, Al-Motamayez District, 6Th of October City, Egypt.

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Study on Adhesion of Bacterio-contaminants to Fragments of Rocks Immersed in Water: Impact of Some Chemical Properties of the Medium and Intrinsic to the Cells | Chapter 9 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 A study was conducted in an aquatic microcosm with the goal of determining the impact of environmental chemical factors and cell-specific characteristics on the retention of bacterial pollutants in the aquatic environment on solid substrates. Sandstone, basalt, granite, and micaschist were employed as rocky substrates. There are four main petrographic and mineralogical features in these rocks. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Enterococcus faecalis were among the bacteria obtained using normal procedures and utilised for adhesion testing. These bacteria are rod-shaped, comma-shaped, and spherical-shaped, with or without a flagellum. Furthermore, this ciliature, if present, might be single or in tufts, polar or non-polar, and can cover the entire cell. The pH of the medium, as well as the concentrations of BOM and salts, were all different. The bacteria were incubated for 180 to 1440 minutes to allow them to attach to the substrates. The adhering cells were then separated in a sterile environment by placing the pebbles in three test tubes, each containing 10 ml of sterile physiological water (0.85 percent NaCl). Bacteria found in surface or groundwater appear to be able to cling to the surfaces of inorganic rocks in various quantities. The natural cleaning of wastewater is aided by the adherence and retention of microorganisms. The adhesion of P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, and E. faecalis changes with time. Overall, adhesion rates range from 11 to 12.44x103 cells/cm2/h, with E. faecalis adhering more quickly simply due to gravity. Environmental circumstances, as well as the chemical characteristics of rocks and soil, play a role in these rate fluctuations. Flagellum serves a dual purpose in attracting and relaunching microorganisms from their substrates.

Author (S) Details

Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Daniel Ebang Menye
University of Maroua, Higher Teacher’s Training School College, P.O Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon.

Raoul Polycarpe Tuekam Kayo
Laboratory of microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

Luciane Marlyse Moungang
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Antoine Tamsa Arfao
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Samuel Davy Baleng
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Yves Yogne Poutoum
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

Moïse Nola
Laboratory of Hydobiology and Environment, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, PO Box 812, Cameroon.

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Thermal and Flow Analysis of the Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Used in an Aqueous Solution of Ammonium Nitrate Solubility (ANSOL) with 20% H2O and 80% AN | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 The goal of the case study is to determine the steam flow rate and saturation temperature that will allow a solution of water and ammonia nitrate (ANSOL) to be heated in a shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger during a time period without the ANSOL solution crystallising. The solution's desired production per batch is 5750 kg in 80 minutes. The heat transfer rate and temperature profiles that satisfy the imposed criterion within a given degree of safety and at the lowest possible cost in steam generation are determined using the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness. The Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and global heat transfer coefficient for the shell and helical coil tube heat exchanger are intermediate quantities required to achieve the goal. The water is heated for a predetermined amount of time before the ammonium nitrate is introduced to a given flow at a predetermined mass flow rate.

Author (S) Details

Élcio Nogueira
Department of Mechanics and Energy - DEM, State University of Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Resende, Brazil.

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