Comparative Analysis of Ventral Hernia Repair Techniques | Chapter 7 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 10

Background: Ventral hernia repair has evolved with the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted approaches. This study compares open, laparoscopic, and robotic transabdominal pre-peritoneal (rTAPP) repair in terms of postoperative pain, recovery, hospital stay, complications, and cost-effectiveness.

Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted over 12 months at two tertiary care hospitals. A total of 71 patients were analyzed for open vs. laparoscopic repair, while 111 patients (78 IPOM, 33 rTAPP) were compared for laparoscopic vs. robotic surgery. Data on demographics, pain scores, recovery time, complications, and costs were collected and analyzed.

Results: Laparoscopic and robotic techniques significantly reduced post-operative pain, hospital stay, and return-to-work duration compared to open surgery. rTAPP had the lowest pain scores (VAS 0.36 at 1 month), shortest hospital stays (1.18 days), and fastest recovery. Open surgery had higher complication rates (7.04%) compared to laparoscopic (1.4%) and robotic (0%). However, robotic surgery incurred higher costs (INR 245,174.55 vs. INR 187,177.69 for IPOM).

Conclusion: Minimally invasive techniques offer superior outcomes in ventral hernia repair. While robotic rTAPP provides enhanced precision, reduced pain, and faster recovery, its high cost remains a limitation. Future studies should assess long-term outcomes, recurrence rates, and cost-benefit balance to optimize surgical decision-making.

 

Author (s) Details

Vinamra Mittal
Department of General Surgery, GEIMS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Divyanshu Ghildiyal
Department of General Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University, India.

 

Vivek Bindal
Institute of Minimal Access, Bariatrics & Robotic Surgery, Max Super Specialty Hospitals, Vaishali, India.

 

Dhananjay Pandey
Institute of Minimal Access, Bariatrics & Robotic Surgery, Max Super Specialty Hospitals, Vaishali, India.

 

P.K Sachan
Department of General Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRH University, India.

 

Yamini Mittal
Synergy Hospital, Dehradun, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v10/4645

Prediabetes Tests for Predicting Progression to Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Background: The natural history of type 2 diabetes may begin when normoglycemia changes to prediabetes. However, the progression from prediabetes to diabetes can be prevented. Each test for identifying prediabetes uses different detection methods and may predict the progression to diabetes differently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost for every future case of diabetes detected as prediabetes by capillary glucose, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and the glycemic assessment for prediction of progression to diabetes.

Methods: A meta-analysis of published cohort studies with enough data in the articles to estimate sensitivity and specificity to predict diabetes comparing the subjects with prediabetes in relation to normoglycemic subjects at baseline measurement was conducted. The meta-analysis was followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results: The combined sensitivities were: capillary glucose 62%, fasting plasma glucose 63%, A1c 67%, oral glucose tolerance test 70%, and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c 83%. At the highest prevalence of prediabetes (≥ 120 mg/dl postprandial capillary glucose), the cost by case detected by the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c is cheaper than the A1c alone and the glucose tolerance test, and more expensive than the capillary glucose and the fasting glucose alone.

Conclusions: We recommend the capillary glucose and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c tests to identify prediabetes which will progress to diabetes. In order to save budget, screening could be performed first with capillary glucose, and after diagnosing, with fasting glucose and A1c performed simultaneously.

 

Author(s) Details:

Lizbeth Ixchel Díaz Trejo,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Rita Angélica Gómez-Díaz,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Guillermo Salinas Escudero,
Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Martha Soledad Ramiro Mendoza,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Niels Hansen Wacher Rodarte,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13653

Biodiversity and Sustainability are the Two Prime Conservative Factors Leading us towards SDG’s 2030-Surfactin Point of View | Chapter 2 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 6

 Surfactin is a biosurfactant presented by bacterial species Bacillus subtilis. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic in type that are used in improved oil recovery, paints and cosmetic industry, cuisine processing manufacturing, production of industrially reasonable products and also secondhand as potential bioremediators. The high cost and reduced yield of surfactin limits their usage to narrow magnitude inspite of their efficiency distinguished to chemical surfactants. Bacillus subtilis is a PGPR that can solubilize metallic mineral as well as phosphorous that are beneficial to plant progress. When biosurfactant producing strains are secondhand as biofertilisers, surface tension decline capability of these microorganisms increases the bioavailability of nutrients in the rhizosphere as well as less water consumption by the ancestries. Most of the Bacillus sp. are amylase and protease enzyme builders that can help the enhanced development of plants. This study utilized Arthospira platensis usually called as Spirulina a blue green rootless rich in polysaccharides, lipids and aminoacids as a potential substrate for surfactin a lipopeptide production, afterwards thermal pretreatment at 120degrees warming for 30 minutes.LB soup with 2% organic compound composed of carbon was used as comparison for surfactin result. LB broth accompanying no inoculum served as the control. Spirulina aggregation was optimized by experiment the production medium with 1%, 2.5%,5%,7%(w/v) dry powder at best pH7.2 with two strains of Bacillus subtilis -MTCC1427 and recombinant strain MTCC2423 at 37 points at 150rpm. The optimum aggregation of the microalgae was found expected 2.5% (w/v). Cost benefit analysis was ruined the process which proved Arthospira platensis expected an economical and economical substrate that led to reinforced surfactin production superior us in sustainable pathway.

Author(s) Details:

Meena S. Parthiban,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India.

A. Manimekalan,
Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V6/article/view/10217

Economic Evaluation of Passive Solar Distillation System: A Recent Study | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 5

An economic study of a passive solar distillation unit is presented in this chapter. The startup and ongoing costs, system life, and estimated costs per unit mass of distilled water were used to evaluate the net present worth (NPW), benefit-cost ratio, payback period (PP), and internal rate of return (IRR) of a solar distillation unit. One simple and affordable low-carbon method is solar distillation. According to calculations, the Net Present Value (NPW), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCRR), Payback Period (PP), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) are each Rs. 26945.72, 1.5632, 1.538 years, and 50%, respectively. This study demonstrated that one of the most alluring sources of energy for distilling water is solar energy.

Author (s) Details:

Raj Kumar,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Kapil Kumar Samar,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Sudhir Jain,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Sonali Swetapadma Mohanty,
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V5/article/view/7468

Study on Utilization Pattern of Anti Dementia Drugs and Cost-Effective Analysis in India | Chapter 13 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 2

 Background: In India, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias is expected to rise every year, owing to continuous growth in the elderly population and consistent increases in life expectancy. Aim: To assess the current state of clinical practise in India, as well as the cost of anti-dementia medications in the Indian context. Methods and Materials: A literature study and data mining of prospective and retrospective studies were used to investigate the pattern of anti-dementia drug use. In India, a cost analysis was conducted to determine the huge range of prices for the same anti-dementia medicine in different formulations. According to prospective and retrospective research, Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent subtype of dementia, and donepezil is still the most widely prescribed medicine. A cost analysis of anti-dementia medications manufactured by a variety of companies in India revealed a wide range of prices between the lowest and highest. Rivastigmine (1.5 mg capsule) had the highest cost-to-benefit ratio, whereas piracetam had the lowest (400 mg tablet). The percent cost variation of all anti-dementia medications was found to be greater than 100. Conclusion: In India, a large range of pricing for the same medicine in several formulations has a significant economic impact. More research is needed to better understand and assess the prescription and use patterns of anti-dementia medications, as they have a significant socioeconomic impact on patients and carers in developing countries such as India.

Author(s) Details

S. Ray
CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR), formerly known as CSIR-National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V2/article/view/3961          

The Narrative Review of Published Evidence on Cost Analysis and Sustainability of the Virtual Fracture Clinic Model: A Report Based Study | Chapter 5 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 Background: The Virtual Fracture Clinic (VFC) paradigm has a scarcity of published evidence at the moment. When adopting the VFC model, there are few resources from which to make conclusions about the management of orthopaedic diseases, cost effectiveness, quality and safety, patient satisfaction ratings, and management.

The goal of this narrative analysis of current published evidence is to determine how cost-effective the VFC model is for orthopaedic management of both children and adults in the United Kingdom (UK). The review also aims to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge and make recommendations for future VFC research.

Methods: Using a methodical methodology, this narrative review is secondary research of the evidence available on the VFC. Relevant peer-reviewed papers published since January 2010 were found by searching seven electronic databases. Using key word searches, the literature study discovered 678 preliminary papers (see appendix II). The method of filtering and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the search retrieval was illustrated using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram, which resulted in 32 publications [1]. Following deduplication, a total of 14 relevant papers were chosen. Seven studies of diverse research types were chosen and subjected to a rigorous critical analysis [2]. Table 2 identifies the primary themes that have been chosen.

Results: There were no Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews on VFCs that could be discovered. Following an extensive database search, seven articles were located and reviewed, including clinical audits, simulation studies, comparison studies, viewpoint analyses, and retrospective research. All of the studies were conducted in the United Kingdom. Two papers focused on Webber B ankle breaks and fifth metatarsal fractures, including Jones fractures, and one on paediatric fractures. The cost comparison and service redesign investigations were the focus of the other four research articles. All of the investigations, with the exception of one by White et al. [3], produced positive results. The cost effectiveness of VFCs ranged from £13.91 to £122 per patient. Variable cost savings ranging from £81,920 to £212,705 were also estimated by individual study trusts. Estimated values of £1,1 million per year were confirmed at a national level.

Conclusion: This narrative evaluation demonstrates that employing the VFC model can result in cost reductions. At this point, current financial expectations cannot be taken for granted. Before final judgments about the cost efficiency of the VFC model in the UK can be reached, more rigorous research such as RCTs or systematic reviews with meta-analysis is needed.

Author (S) Details

Gitana Diana Stukaite
University of Liverpool, UK.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V10/article/view/3504

Bamboo Reinforced Panels for Fence Walls | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 11

 The building industry uses a lot of steel and emits a lot of carbon, which contributes to global warming and makes it difficult to grow sustainably all over the world. Bamboo has been used as a reinforcement material in a few nations (e.g., Indonesia, China, Malaysia, and India) but only on a small scale. When compared to traditional fence barriers created using materials such as stone, brick, or barbed wire, precast steel reinforced concrete (SRC) panels are currently in high demand due to time savings and simple craftsmanship. Due to increased demand, the preparation of SRC panels has become a cottage business. These panels, on the other hand, are made without regard for any specifications or norms. The goal of this project is to look at how bamboo may be used to build fence walls instead of steel. The M20 mix was used to make thirty (30) bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) slabs with dimensions of 1000 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm (length: height: thickness). With a pretreatment of coal tar creosote, fifteen (15) slabs were cast with I bambusa balcooa and (ii) bambusa polymorpha species as reinforcement. The slabs were tested with an ultrasonic instrument to determine the quality of the concrete and a universal testing equipment to determine the load versus deflection characteristics. These tests were replicated on precast SRC panels obtained from a local manufacturing unit as a comparison study. The test findings show that the concrete quality in BRC slabs is superior to that of SRC slabs. The load taken by BRC slabs with any kind of species at failure was approximately half that of SRC slabs at failure. The deflection, as well as the fracture width connected with it, followed the same pattern. In compared to SRC panels, BRC slabs are 30 to 35 percent less expensive, according to the cost analysis. As a result, it is advised that BRC slabs be used to construct fence walls and barns, resulting in benefits such as environmental sustainability, increased bamboo species cultivation, and increased rural employment.

Author (S) Details

S. Suppiah
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur – 613 403. Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V11/article/view/2452