Study on Utilization Pattern of Anti Dementia Drugs and Cost-Effective Analysis in India | Chapter 13 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 2

 Background: In India, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias is expected to rise every year, owing to continuous growth in the elderly population and consistent increases in life expectancy. Aim: To assess the current state of clinical practise in India, as well as the cost of anti-dementia medications in the Indian context. Methods and Materials: A literature study and data mining of prospective and retrospective studies were used to investigate the pattern of anti-dementia drug use. In India, a cost analysis was conducted to determine the huge range of prices for the same anti-dementia medicine in different formulations. According to prospective and retrospective research, Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent subtype of dementia, and donepezil is still the most widely prescribed medicine. A cost analysis of anti-dementia medications manufactured by a variety of companies in India revealed a wide range of prices between the lowest and highest. Rivastigmine (1.5 mg capsule) had the highest cost-to-benefit ratio, whereas piracetam had the lowest (400 mg tablet). The percent cost variation of all anti-dementia medications was found to be greater than 100. Conclusion: In India, a large range of pricing for the same medicine in several formulations has a significant economic impact. More research is needed to better understand and assess the prescription and use patterns of anti-dementia medications, as they have a significant socioeconomic impact on patients and carers in developing countries such as India.

Author(s) Details

S. Ray
CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR), formerly known as CSIR-National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), India.

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Reporting Case Studies: The Effects of Familiar, Unfamiliar Music and Audiobooks Exposure on Speech Parameters of Elderly With Alzheimer’s Disease | Chapter 10| Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Alzheimer's disease is a widespread elderly cognitive condition where neurodegeneration happens quickly as a result of reduced brain function. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, there have been several studies connecting music memory with cognition. This multiple case study (n=3) aims to examine the impact of familiar and unfamiliar music on the fundamental frequency of speech (F0), range of intensity, and speech rate of 3 elderly Alzheimer's disease participants. The speech parameters were measured longitudinally over a span of 21 weeks following exposure to common and unfamiliar music. A listening assignment to an audiobook was viewed as supervision. Data showed that there was wide variability in performance in all of these topics, with no common trend for familiar music. For unfamiliar music, however, two subjects showed an improvement in their speech output. The third topic showed a rise in the F0 range. It is proposed that there could be further understanding of how common and new stimuli affect the development of speech in Alzheimer's disease patients. The findings also indicate that unfamiliar music can have a substantial impact on the speech rate of subjects with AD, but the long-term influence of music on the speech production of these patients with Alzheimer's disease is difficult to assess. Instead, the findings suggested that in Alzheimer's disease patients there could be more to consider how familiar and novel stimuli affect speech development.

Author(s) Details

Fidelia Chan Xue Ning
Hearing & Speech Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Siti Zamratol Mai-Sarah Mukari
Institute of Ear, Hearing & Speech, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Kartini Ahmad
Hearing&Speech Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, TheNational University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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