African SMEs Innovation Challenges| Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 7

 Internationally, narrow and medium manufacturing businesses (SMEs) are widely confirmed as a significant beginning of employment and the cornerstone of a promising entrepreneurial environment. Due to their sizeable contribution to the gross household product (GDP) of some nation, they can also be visualized to a large magnitude as an economic transformation's incentive. For any country with its own government seeking change, poverty decline, employment redistribution, allied innovation, and robust financial growth, SME enhance the point of reference, as they have been admired as the national key advantage. Manufacturing growth due to SMEs has taken stronger in nations containing the United States, China, the Czech Republic, Japan, and Australia, suggesting that any expected worldwide decline in industrial result may be moderated by their contribution. This proves in an undoubtable way that manufacturing SMEs play a important role in any country with its own government, but maybe more so in evolving African nations. However, the declining GDP offering of manufacturing SMEs in Africa has intensely concerned investors, policymakers, and professors. As a result, more research into the problems binding manufacturing SMEs is required so that provide support that will inquire to provide innovative tenable measures for the sustainable progress of these important businesses.

Author(s) Details:

Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya,
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

Musawenkosi Ngibe,
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

Nirmala Dorasamy,
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTBEF-V7/article/view/10932

Environmental, Climate and Resource Issues on Earth. Governing Dynamics in Complex Systems | Book Publisher International

 This book is based on the author's prior articles, which were published at the International Dialogo Conference between 2018 and 2021, a conference on science-theology dialogue. It is primarily aimed at a general readership, as it is simple to comprehend and only contains a few portions that require specific mathematics and statistical skills. This book also raises some moral problems about today's excessive consumption and discusses how a fall in religious belief has had terrible consequences for Earth and its inhabitants, particularly in Western civilization. Today's "intelligent" person does not believe in God, preferring instead to prioritise things like money, possessions, and toys, with devastating consequences for his home planet. Its first chapter, based on a set of assumptions, discusses transitions between states of an economic system and describes the early evolution of the first human economy in ancient times, as well as a first transition inside this first economy. This set of assumptions and ideas, which were used to describe the transition between the first two phases of the human economy, are likewise true for all subsequent human economy transitions. The second part of this book examines data available for Earth during the previous fifty years, utilising statistical analysis in the time and frequency domain as a tool, and highlights the magnitude of tragedy and danger that people have inflicted on their own planet. The third and final chapter examines the dynamics of an economic complex system, based on additional assumptions made in each of the models described in the study. These assumptions allow for the estimation and forecasting of a complex economic system's evolution. This estimation can be done in a "classical" manner, that is, without using big data, in which case the results are more prone to errors, or in a "big data" manner, in which case the results are considerably more precise estimations of evolution for the relevant complex systems. This chapter's final chapter employs an additive utility model as a general economic model to estimate additional value in an economy, based on topic assumptions for the various models discussed in this chapter. It also provides a practical solution and instructions for lowering the dangerously exceeded limitations (boundaries) in relation to Earth, building on the principles and theory of utility functions described in the first chapter of the book. Throughout this chapter, the term "with sustainable growth" refers to "ecological growth," which refers to long-term economic systems that consider environmental issues, whereas "without sustainable growth" or "conventional growth" refers to economic systems that do not consider environmental issues. The standard definition of GDP is likewise shown to be inaccurate, inadequate, and antiquated in this third chapter, utilising sustainability as a term. The value generated inside the global economy is significantly lower than computed GDP when practically all costs are taken into consideration. As a result, if the traditional concept of GDP is not to be fully abandoned, it must be thoroughly updated, taking into account all expenditures spent, employing big data information.

Author(s) Details

Catalin Silviu Nutu
Constanta Maritime University, Romania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECRIEGDCS/article/view/5404

Bamboo Reinforced Panels for Fence Walls | Chapter 3 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 11

 The building industry uses a lot of steel and emits a lot of carbon, which contributes to global warming and makes it difficult to grow sustainably all over the world. Bamboo has been used as a reinforcement material in a few nations (e.g., Indonesia, China, Malaysia, and India) but only on a small scale. When compared to traditional fence barriers created using materials such as stone, brick, or barbed wire, precast steel reinforced concrete (SRC) panels are currently in high demand due to time savings and simple craftsmanship. Due to increased demand, the preparation of SRC panels has become a cottage business. These panels, on the other hand, are made without regard for any specifications or norms. The goal of this project is to look at how bamboo may be used to build fence walls instead of steel. The M20 mix was used to make thirty (30) bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) slabs with dimensions of 1000 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm (length: height: thickness). With a pretreatment of coal tar creosote, fifteen (15) slabs were cast with I bambusa balcooa and (ii) bambusa polymorpha species as reinforcement. The slabs were tested with an ultrasonic instrument to determine the quality of the concrete and a universal testing equipment to determine the load versus deflection characteristics. These tests were replicated on precast SRC panels obtained from a local manufacturing unit as a comparison study. The test findings show that the concrete quality in BRC slabs is superior to that of SRC slabs. The load taken by BRC slabs with any kind of species at failure was approximately half that of SRC slabs at failure. The deflection, as well as the fracture width connected with it, followed the same pattern. In compared to SRC panels, BRC slabs are 30 to 35 percent less expensive, according to the cost analysis. As a result, it is advised that BRC slabs be used to construct fence walls and barns, resulting in benefits such as environmental sustainability, increased bamboo species cultivation, and increased rural employment.

Author (S) Details

S. Suppiah
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur – 613 403. Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V11/article/view/2452