Identification of Genetic Determinants Controlling Seed Yield and Its Component Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

 Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown mostly as a source of vegetable oil and proteins in the world. In the course of plant improvement, plant breeders deal with several qualitative traits nowadays. The present investigation was carried out to identify the molecular markers associated with various characters in sunflowers using recombinant inbred lines. Molecular markers in applied breeding programs facilitate the appropriate choice of parents for crosses to map or tag the gene blocks associated with economically important traits. Two sunflower inbred lines namely, TNHSF239-68-1-1-1 and 17B with significant differences for various traits namely, stripe on seed surface, seed color, hull weight and oil content were selected as female and male parents respectively to develop the F2:5 population. Linkage analysis was carried out and five linkage groups were obtained with 19 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Linkage map construction, single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping analysis were carried out with SSR primers and quantitative traits. In SMA, out of 50 SSR markers, a total of 29 SSR markers were found to be significantly linked to various traits. The adjusted R2 for the regression equation varies from 3.2 to 29.8%. Two traits namely, days to flowering and seed color recorded above 20% R2 value. Hull weight recorded above 10% R2 value. In inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis resulted in two QTLs namely, seed and volume weight. QTL analyses were performed through inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). The QTL analysis revealed each QTL for traits namely, stripes on the seed margin, stripes between the seed margin, 100-seed weight and seed yield. The LOD ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. The adjusted R2 value ranged from 10.6 (seed yield) to 65.0 (stripes between seed margin) percent. Among these QTL, QTL on stripes on the seed margin and stripes between the seed margin may be considered as potential as they recorded very high phenotypic variation accounted. As the distance between the flanking marker is more than 5 cm, fine mapping of this QTL region with more markers may be attempted to utilize these QTL in the marker-assisted back cross programme.

Author(s) Details:

J. Vanitha,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SRM College of Agricultural sciences, Chengalpattu, 603201, India.

R. Mahendran,
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SRM College of Agricultural sciences, Chengalpattu, 603201, India.

N. Manivannan,
Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India.

R. Chandirakala,
Department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 641003, Coimbatore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V7/article/view/13749

Analysis of the Optimum Productivity and Genetic Diversity of Garlic Selections with White and Colored Skin in Egyptian, Eggaseed-1 and Sids- 40 Varieties| Chapter 5 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 The major purpose of this study is to examine the performance and productivity, as well as the genetic diversity, of 18 garlic genotypes typically available in the Egyptian market (i.e., Eggaseed-1 cv., Sids-40 cv., and Egyptian cv.). Varietys with fewer cloves provided higher yields in both seasons of the research. Eggaseed-1 cv. and Sids-40 cv. yielded 9.7-11.9 tonnes per acre, whereas Egyptian cv. yielded 8.8-9.1 tonnes per acre (fresh yield). Simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) were used with a post-labeling approach to reveal the genetic diversity of garlic types. 18 garlic selections and SSR markers with high polymorphism richness were evaluated for genetic characterisation. A total of 61 DNA fragments were amplified by ten markers, with each marker amplifying an average of 6.1 pieces. The garlic choices were used to determine genetic distances using SSR data, and the relationships between selections were clearly displayed using a dendrogram cluster analysis. The genetic similarity scores for the garlic types ranged from 65.77 to 91.54 percent. The highest genetic closeness (91.54 percent) was found between Eggaseed-1 and Sids-40 choices, whereas the most genetic dissimilarity was found between Egyptian and Eggaseed-1 selections. These findings allow for the identification of two garlic-colored garlic varieties in Eggaseed-1 cv. and Sids-40 cv., as well as their differentiation from Egyptian cv. choices, which are classed as white garlic varieties. Because garlic reproduces asexually, finding the proper genotype(s) is critical for achieving good quality; in the interim, the results can assist in breeding and commercial production selection.

Author(s) Details:

Haitham E. M. Zaki,
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61517, Egypt and Applied Biotechnology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Sur, 411, Sur, Sultanate of Oman.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V7/article/view/6781