Partial Differentiation of Cellular Living State for Nutrient Gradient in Gastrula of Animal Development | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

 

It was suggested by Cai a theory that, in animals, the nutrient gradient differentiates the cellular living states to form the three germ layers of embryonic gastrula differential developing into three different subsequent fates, with the endoderm manifesting cellular living states in nutritious condition and giving rise to the epithelium of digestive and respiratory system; the ectoderm manifesting cellular living states of nutrient dependence and environmental effects, and developing to the nervous and epithelial tissues; the mesoderm lying between them and emerging to the muscle and adipose. In parallel, it also complied with the regulation of nutrients on various cultured stem cells. In this chapter, it is briefly reviewed such embryonic differentiation of three layers of gastrula and further highlights that the early embryonic cleavage partially differentiates the cellular living states to form the nutrient gradient for three layers of gastrula via partial differentiation of proliferative animal hemisphere and nutritious vegetal hemisphere in most animals, including the mammals, birds, Xenopus, zebrafish, snails, sea urchin, and so on, but instead via oocyte polarity and embryonic invagination in Drosophila. Therefore, it is the formed nutrient gradient of gastrula that is conserved in evolution.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Zi-Jian Cai
aiFortune TriL Consulting, No. 129, Building 6, Room 404, North Dongwu Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215128, PR China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1807

Evaluation of Diverse Sorghum Genotypes under Varying Doses of Nitrogen Fertilizers in Semi-Arid Regions of Pakistan | Chapter 3 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Pakistan ranks among the nation’s most vulnerable to the ongoing and anticipated impacts of climate change. Cropping in Pakistan is bearing various climate challenges like temperature extremes, drought, flood, heavy rains, hails, wind storms increase in Co2, greenhouse gases and CFCs. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a predominant crop in arid regions. A field experiment involving six sorghum cultivars and three distinct nitrogen levels was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during the Kharif season of 2017. The cultivars, nitrogen levels, and their interactions had a significant influence on plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), panicle elongation (cm), number of grains per panicle, grain weight (g), biomass production (kg ha-1), and economic yield (kg ha-1). The sorghum genotype JS-263, with an NPK dose of 120:75:60 kg ha-1, exhibited the highest grain yield and yield-related parameters. This high-yielding sorghum cultivar and optimal nitrogen level could be utilized for enhanced yield and productivity.

Author(s) Details:

Iqtidar Hussain,
Department of Agronomy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.

Zuhair Hasnain,
Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture, University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad,
Sugarcane Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V5/article/view/13768

Nutrient Rich Palatable Food Products – Answer to Food Acceptability and Improved Nutrition in CKD Patients | Chapter 11 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a limited appetite, and many of the medications they take cause nausea and gastroparesis. Because the majority of patients have diabetes and hypertension, they are unable to consume large amounts of salt and sugar. As a result, food palatability has a low appeal. It is necessary to explore on good appetising foods with appropriate nutrients in order to boost their consumption of healthy foods while keeping in mind their renal dietary regimen. This includes limiting the amount of potassium, salt, and moisture in diets. This is the focus of our current publication. Five renal food products were produced, and each was tasted by thirty volunteers from the sick group and the control group. All of the renal foods were well received, demonstrating their palatability. 

Author(S) Details

Bhavana Shailendranath
Department of Nephrology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

C. Usha Devi
Department of Food and Nutrition, Smt. VHD Central Institute of Homescience and Research Centre, Bangalore, India.

Renuka Satish
Department of Nephrology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Prashant G. Kedlaya
Department of Nephrology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V7/article/view/5766

Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Offal Meats (Kidney and Liver) of Beef Sold at Gwagwalada Market, Abuja, Nigeria: An Overview | Chapter 4 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 1

Aims: To determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in kidney and liver of slaughtered cattle.  Study Design: Analytical method. Place and Duration of Study: Samples obtained from Gwagwalada abattoir in Abuja, Nigeria and transported University of Abuja, Chemistry Laboratory for analysis. The study lasted for four (4) months.  Methodology: Wet digestion of samples followed by metal analysis using Accusys 211 Bulk Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: The empirical results indicated that the mean levels or concentration of these heavy metals in kidney of cattle were 47.75±0.002 g/g Zn, 279.5±0.084 g/g Fe, 10.00±0.00g/g Mn, while Cd and Pb were not detected. The levels or concentration of heavy metals in the liver sample were 0.500=±0.000025 g/g Cd, 57.00±0.0001 g/g Zn, 119.5±0.0016 g/g Fe, 5.75±0.000025 g/g Mn, Pb was not detected. The concentration of Fe and Mn were found to be high in kidney sample than the liver sample.  Conclusion: The evidence from this study revealed the safety of these investigated offal meats as the concentrations of these metals in the kidney and liver samples were within the maximum permissible limit according to the European Commission (EC) and FAO/WHO standards.

Author(s) Details

Adefarati Oloruntoba
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China.

Isaiah Adukwu Nathaniel
Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/193