vDrought Resilience in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.): The Role of Root Traits and Proline Accumulation | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Green gram (Vigna radiata L.), a vital legume crop in Asia, plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture by enriching soil fertility through nitrogen fixation and providing essential macro- (proteins, dietary fibers) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mg, P). However, its productivity is often constrained by drought, which disrupts key physiological and biochemical processes, ultimately reducing yield. This study aimed to identify drought-tolerant green gram genotypes by assessing 50 accessions for root, shoot, and biochemical traits under controlled moisture stress in red laterite soil using a greenhouse pot experiment.

 

Results indicated that drought stress induced an increase in root length and diameter, enhancing nutrient uptake and osmoregulation. In contrast, shoot length and dry weight declined, though resilient genotypes such as VBN 3 and PLM 38 maintained relatively higher dry weights. Biochemical analysis showed a significant rise in proline accumulation—strongly associated with drought tolerance—in most genotypes, with IC 395518 and ML 1415 exhibiting the highest levels. This suggests that proline plays a crucial role in preserving cell turgor and alleviating stress effects. While chlorophyll content declined under drought conditions, total phenolic content increased in certain genotypes, further indicating adaptive stress responses. Correlation and path analysis revealed strong positive associations between root traits and proline content, underscoring their role in drought resilience.

 

Overall, this study highlights that genotypes with well-developed root systems and higher proline accumulation exhibit greater drought tolerance. These findings emphasize the importance of breeding programs focused on these traits to enhance green gram productivity in the face of climate change. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant variation in characters for screening against drought tolerance among 50 green gram genotypes, emphasizing the importance of root architecture and proline accumulation in withstanding moisture stress.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Amritha K Binukumar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, India.

 

Lovely B
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram 695 522, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4907

Assessment of Biochemical Parameters of Mothers and Neonates in Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Cross Sectional Study from Vidarbha Region, India | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Introduction: Vitamin D is a nutrient that is needed for bone growth and processing. Vitamin D and calcium are extremely important during certain stages of life, such as the baby’s development, childhood, childhood and adolescence, breastfeeding, lactation, and old age. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency have severe implications at this time. Maternal nutrition status is the most significant determinant of the nutritional status of a newborn and other maternal well-being and fertility outcomes.

Aim: This Study aims to analyse the biochemical parameters of mothers and neonates in cigarette smoke exposure in the Vidharbha region.

Material and Methods: Pregnant non-smoker women who were referred to a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in Vidarbha region were selected for the study.. Distribution was done on the basis of their history of exposure to tobacco smoke; 54 subjects were exposed to tobacco smoke and 54 subjects were not exposed to tobacco smoke.

Result: Maternal Vitamin D was highly significantly low in pregnant females exposed to tobacco smoke (13.71± 4.33 ng/ml) as compared to non –exposed pregnant females (21.02 ± 4.96 ng/ ml) ((p-value <0.0001) Based on self-reported exposure, maternal serum calcium levels was highly significantly low in exposed females (8.43 ± 0.64mg/dl) than in non-exposed females (10.04 ± 0.72mg/dl) (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum Parathormone level and serum phosphorus levels between the 2 groups (P- value for Parathormone- 0.2163 and for Phosphorus-0.1904. Alkaline phosphatase levels in the exposed group were found to be significantly high than the non-exposed group (p = 0.0129).

In neonates of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke, cord blood serum Vitamin D and Calcium levels were significantly low as compared to neonates of non- exposed mothers.

Conclusion: The findings showed that, second-hand smoke consumption had a detrimental effect on pregnant women. In mothers and neonates exposed to the tobacco smoke, serum Vitamin D levels and Calcium level s were significantly lowas compared to the non exposed mothers and neonates. These studies recommend steps should be taken to minimize exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and to improve the use of vitamin D and calcium supplements during pregnancy, taking into account the risk to women during this crucial time of life and the effects on the well-being of the infant.

Author(s) Details:

Prajakta Warjukar,
Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Ankush Mohabey,
Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Nagpur, India.

Gangaram Bhadarge,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Pratibha Dawande,
Department of Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Roshan Kumar Jha,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13515 

Effects of Anticancerous Drugs- EMS and MMS in Induced Diabetic Mouse: Differential Response of Biochemical Parameters and Dose Effect Relationship of Chromosomal Aberrations | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

Diabetes is one among the top ten leading killers of human population. Epidemiological studies revealed that diabetes is being increased due to exposure to pollutants. Alkylating agents are one such group of pollutants, which are also being used as anticancer agents. Even though, we use alkylating agents as antineoplastics, their influence in diabetic condition in human has not been worked out. Hence, mouse as a model organism was used to induce diabetic condition and the same has been employed to test the well known two alkylating agents such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). These agents were tested to understand their influence on biochemical parameters and on chromosomes. The results have revealed that these agents drastically affect the different biochemical parameters. Further, for the first time it has been demonstrated that these agents induce less chromosomal aberrations in diabetic mouse compared to non-diabetic. These results are discussed with relevant literature.

Author(s) Details:

Vasudev V.,
University of Mysore, P.G Centre, Hemagangotri, Hassan-573220, Karanataka, India.

Khalandar B. B. D.,
Department of Bioscience University of Mysore, P.G Centre, Hemagangotri, Hassan-573220, Karanataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13302

Standardization of Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Rattus norvegicus | Book Publisher International

 Biochemical and haematological assessment in animals is of vital importance in defining the diagnosis of many diseases. Variations in biochemical parameters (urea, blood glucose, creatinemia, transaminases: GPT and GOT, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and total lipids) and haematological parameters, i.e. the haemogram (red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and MXD) is an indicator of the state of health of certain vital organs such as the kidney, liver, pancreas, veins, heart and so on. Each batch consisted of thirty-nine (39) rats. Each rat was weighed and venipunctured caudally to collect blood separately in a dry (red) and EDTA tube. The red tube was used to determine biochemical parameters. The EDTA tube was used for the haemogram. The results of this study showed that some animals already had certain pathologies prior to the use of any beneficial or harmful substances on them. However, most of the animals used had normal biochemical and haematological parameters, revealing the good condition of their various vital functions (kidney, liver, heart, veins, pancreas, etc.). These values for standard biochemical and haematological parameters can be used as a basis for future tests.

Author(s) Details:

Obou Constantin Okou,
Group of Excellence for Research into Traditional Pharmacopoeia Products (GeRTPhaPro), Agrovalorisation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Agroforestry TRU, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University (JLoGU), BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSBHPR/article/view/12125

Toxicity Caused by Low Dose Chronic Exposure of Chromium in Male Albino Rats | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 This episode evaluate the effect of depressed doses chronic uncovering to chromium VI (K2Cr2O7) on various haematological and biochemical parameters in male light rats.  Chromium is one of the bigger environmental poisonous that effect human health. It is individual among the eight most common contaminant heavy metals filed by the Environment Protection Agency.Toxic effect of incessant exposure to chromium at depressed environmentally relevant measure is recently recognized and less intentional. Twenty four adult male waster rats (70±10 days) consideration (170±10 gm) were used in the study. The animals were protect in polypropylene cages in institutional animal house under regulated condition of temperature (25±2ºC) and sane day/midnight schedule (12 L : 12 D). Male albino rats (160±10 gm) taken 1/25, 1/50 and 1/100 of reported spoken LD50 dose of chromium VI (K2Cr2O7) for 90 consecutive days. After situation, various haematological and biochemical limits were evaluate.Exposure to chromium VI at 1/25 LD50 prescription decreased allotment gain in body weight and weakened  the weight of the organs along with increase in the pressure of liver and kidney. The biochemical study in our study showed an increase in activities of enzymes alanine aminotransferase, substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine and urea nitrogen level with a decline in protein and albumin levels. With an increase in coagulating time, cell with hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet, and haemoglobin aggregation numbers decreased. In unprotected rats, both the overall sperm count and action were decreased. There were decrease in red body fluid protein and albumin concentration, accompanying increase in plasma sweet liquid and cholesterol level. The activity of enzyme alanine aminotransferase and substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances aspertate aminotransferase were stimulated in medicated rats.  The results of the study revealed that incessant low lot exposure to chromium VI developed in a toxic effect in experimental male light rats.

Author(s) Details:

Soma Choudhuri,
Department of Physiology, Tripura Medical College and Br. B.R. Ambedkar Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala, Tripura – 799014, India.

Dipayan Choudhuri,
Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura – 799022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11046

Prospects for the Use of Hydrogel in the Cultivation of Melon | Chapter 5 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 The use of Aquasource hydrogel (Ecotechnology LLC) was studied at the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops (MoE RA) for three age (2020–2022). An objective has been start to study the effect of local application of miscellaneous amounts of the biodegradable Aquasource polymer to the soil on the progress, productivity, and kind of fruits and seedlings of fruit plants (Cucumis melo L). Hydrogel in the ratio: Soil join +Aaquasource (3:0.1), Soil mix+Aquasource (3:0.15), Soil join +Aquasource (3:0.2) compared accompanying the control (Soil join without Aquasource) had a beneficial effect on the early appearance of female flowers, lowering the terms of mechanics ripening and fruit character. Additionally, the melon profitable yield indicator was above the control (230.9±2.73 c/ha), coming in at 287.5±2.94, 308.0±2.27 and 307.0±3.05 c/ha, individually. The same style was seen accompanying seed yield: 360.7±2.87, 399.6±10.01, 392.1±9.20kg/ha, individually, with control 287.2±8.05 kg/ha. The financial efficiency of engaging Aquasource was determined expected between 120.4 and 128.6%, and worth was between 67.6 and 69.0% (accompanying control at 61.9%). This was accomplished by threatening the cost of available water, labor, and the provision of taller output.

Author(s) Details:

Armenuhi Pahlevanyan,
Department of Breeding, Seed Production and Cultivation Technology of Protected Ground, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Gayane Martirosyan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Laura Tadevosyan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Raya Balayan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Zara Harutyunyan,
Scientific Centre of Agribiotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Republic of Armenia.

Iryna Vardanian,
Plant Biotechnology, Phytopathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V4/article/view/10814

Study and Evaluation of Modern Varieties of Pumpkin in Armenia | Chapter 4 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

 The purpose concerning this work was to study portioned types of pumpkin in the environments of the Ararat Plain with the further possibility of utilizing them as ancestral material for breeding. In current years, skilled has been an annual increase in the consumption of vegetable by the populace, and in order to meet the increasing demand, the department of Selection and nurture technology of melons and gourds of the Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops (Ministry Economy of RA) studied new group samples. Growing in various environmental circumstances, vegetable cultivars gain unique financial traits, indicating vegetable agroecological diversity. We look at eight pumpkin part types that varied in the organize of phenophase commencement, the organize of product reception and yield signs, and the timing of product quality signs. Early-ripening varieties contained Snkik, Saporik, and Veronez. Mid-ripening varieties included Volzhskaya seraya 92, Detskaya delikatesnaya, Konfetka, and Prikubanskaya. Late-ripening types contained Gribovskaya zimnyaya. The yield statistics of the assortment samples were examined, and ultimate prolific Muscat differences, Saporik and Prikubanskaya, with delicious product yields of 23.2±1.1 and 30.6±1.1 t/ha, were found. Detskaya delikatesnaya and Snkik types was conspicuous among the abundant-fruited vegetables due to their high yields (25.3±1.0 and 23.0±1.4t/ha, individually) and good palatability. The varieties Saporik, Snkik, Detskaya delikatesnaya, and Konfetka was conspicuous for having extreme levels of total carotenoids; these indicators were individually 16.05, 10.50, 15.22, and 18.25 mg/% in these variations.

Author(s) Details:

Gayane Sargsyan,
Scientific Center of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Laura Tadevosyan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Zara Harutyunyan,
Plant Biotechnology, Phytopathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Gohar Adjemyan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Iryna Vardanian,
Phytopathology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Raya Balayan,
Department of Seed Production and Primary Products Processing, Scientific Centre of Vegetable and Industrial Crops, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia, Republic of Armenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V4/article/view/10788

Evaluation of Hepatotoxicity of Mallotus Philippensis against CCl4 and ATT-Induced Rats| Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4

 Mallotus philippensis (Mp), as known or named at another time or place kamala in India, is a large woodlike multipurpose curative tree in the Euphorbiaceae kin. Mp has many activities, containing skin problems, bronchitis, antifungal, wiggle infestation (tapeworm), eye ailment, cancer, diabetes, and looseness of the bowels. As a result, the current study sought to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Mp methanolic fruit extract. The hepatoprotective venture of CCl4 was investigated using excellent:1 ratio of liquid brownish oil to crowd weight and ATT (isoniazid 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin 10 mg/kg, and pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg b.w.) inferred models. To assess the toxicity, an severe toxicity study and preliminary phytochemical screening were transported. After oral presidency of the methanolic fruits extract at a dosage of 2 g/kg body pressure, rats showed no toxicity characterization. The extract of Mp was given in two doses of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Biochemical limits were reduced considerably (p0.001) when compared to the control. The demeanor of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids was discovered all the while phytochemical screening of the product extract. It can be decided that the hepatoprotective activity of Mallotus philippensis is generally due to the attendance of high-value compounds in the way that the phenolic group, which is the plant's main content.

Author(s) Details:

T. Muthuramu,
KTN College of Pharmacy, Chalavara, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

Sujith Thomas,
Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India.

T. Rajkumar,
Sri Lakshminarayan College of Pharmacy, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V4/article/view/9365

Industrial Effluent and Its Effect on Germination and Seedling Growth of Phaseolus aureus Roxb and Phaseolus mungo L.| Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 Industrial effluents are the second major source of water pollution and are making the water unfit for both agriculture and domestic use. But these effluents with proper dilution can be used as source of fertilizer in agriculture. In the present investigation, the treated effluent from BHEL was first analyzed for 13 physico-chemical parameters. Seed germination and seedling growth study of Phaseolus aureus and Phaseolus mungo was conducted in the second stage using different concentrations of [10, 25, 50, 75, 100 %] effluent. The percentage germination, shoot and root length, Vigour Index, Relative Toxicity were measured in all these treatments. The biochemical parameters like Protein, Proline, Carbohydrates and Phenol were assessed in plants in all these treatments. The morphological parameters showed increase in 10 and 25% concentration of effluent. The higher concentration had inhibitory effect on all morphological parameters. Vigour Index of the seedling showed decrease in higher concentration of treatment, while relative toxicity exhibited increase with increase in concentration of treatment. Among biochemical parameters protein revealed higher concentration in 10 and 25% treated plants. Other biochemical parameters showed higher values in 75 to 100% concentration. Bangalore being land locked city faces severe water scarcity, reuse of these effluents in agriculture is the best solution to mitigate this problem.

Author(s) Details:

A. G. Malini Shetty,
Department of Botany, Surana College, Bangalore-4, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8843

Analysis of Genetic Differences in fatty Acids and Oil Contents among Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern & Coss Genotypes | Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 The experiment was designed to determine erraticism among 188 Indian mustard genotypes based on various biochemical characteristics such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acids, as well as oil composition.

Experiment was carried out at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, India, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa

The presence of a significant amount of variation across selected Indian mustard genotypes was determined by analysis of variance, implying improved prospects for their improvement. Oleic acid has the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, followed by erucic and palmitic acids. Heritability and genetic advancement were determined by erucic, oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Erucic acid has a strong negative association with palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Palmitic acid had the most positive direct effect on erucic acid in both genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient studies, while linoleic, oleic, linolenic acids, and oil content had the highest negative direct effect on erucic acid. The genotypes were clustered into eighteen different groups using genetic deviation and Euclidean distance clustering. Erucic acid was found to be low in 9 genotypes, moderate in 57 genotypes, and higher in 122 genotypes when all biochemical strictures were examined. During a group analysis of qualitative indicators, a severe inter cluster gap between cluster 18 (Karishma) and cluster 12 was discovered (Maya). As a result, these genotypes could be used as parentages in Indian mustard breeding to improve a variety of qualitative indices.

Author(S) Details

Chitralekha Shyam
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 M. P, India.

Manoj Kumar Tripathi
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India and Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India.

Niraj Tripathi
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482004, India.

R. S. Sikarwar
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 M. P, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6327

Role of Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities in Drought Tolerance in Soybean: A Recent Study | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 Biochemical profiling, anti-oxidant enzyme activity, and protein profiling were used to split soybean genotypes into two groups. Based on several biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activity investigation among 53 genotypes, drought tolerance traits were found in three genotypes: JS97-52, RVS-14, and JS95-60. The findings could help enhance soybean genotypes by allowing for the development of drought-tolerant genotypes using both conventional and molecular breeding methods. These findings also laid the groundwork for more research into the drought tolerance mechanism in soybean crops using modern biotechnological technology.

Author(S) Details

N. Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

M. K. Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

N. Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

S. Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

N. Gupta
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

A. Sharma
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

M. K. Shrivastav
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V3/article/view/4629