Morphological Variation of Maize landraces in South Sudan | Chapter 11 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s most widely distributed crop and one of the major cereals grown globally. In South Sudan, maize is the second most cultivated cereal after sorghum, covering approximately 207,714 hectares, which accounts for about 21% of the country’s total cereal area. Despite its importance as a staple food for local populations in many states, South Sudan still depends on imports from neighboring countries to meet most of its maize demand. Morphological data remains a valuable tool for analyzing and managing genetic resources. However, integrating both phenotypic and molecular data provides a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity within maize landrace accessions in South Sudan. In this study, morphological variation was examined among 31 maize landrace accessions collected from various farmers' fields across South Sudan, using seven quantitative agronomic traits. A significant positive correlation was found between days to tasseling (DT) and days to silking (DS), between plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) and stem width (SW), and between EH and SW and leaf length (LL). First, and second principal components accounted for 69% of the total variance (40.9% and 28.6%, respectively). PH, EH, SW, LL, and leaf width (LW) were strongly associated in a positive direction on the first principal component, while DT and DS were clearly characterized in a positive direction on the second component. A significant positive correlation was found between days to tasseling (DT) and days to silking (DS), as well as between plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and stem width (SW). Additionally, EH, SW, and leaf length (LL) were positively correlated. The first and second principal components accounted for 69% of the total variance (40.9% and 28.6%, respectively). PH, EH, SW, LL, and leaf width (LW) were strongly associated in a positive direction on the first principal component, while DT and DS were clearly characterized in a positive direction on the second component. A scatter plot based on phenotypic data identified three distinct groups based on the most discriminating characteristics: Group I consisted of five maize landrace accessions, Group II included 14 landrace accessions, and Group III comprised 10 landrace accessions. Principal component analysis revealed that the investigated genotypes did not cluster according to their geographical origins, suggesting a weak geographic relationship among the accessions. A scatter plot based on phenotypic data identified three distinct groups based on the most discriminating characteristics: Group I consisted of five maize landrace accessions, Group II included 14 accessions, and Group III comprised 10 accessions. Principal component analysis revealed that the investigated genotypes did not cluster according to their geographical origins, suggesting a weak geographic relationship among the maize landrace accessions. In conclusion, although the morphological characterization was conducted under South Korean climatic conditions, the study demonstrated significant phenotypic variation among the maize landrace accessions collected from South Sudan. This insight into phenotypic divergence could be highly beneficial for future breeding programs and the genetic improvement of South Sudan maize landrace accessions.

 

Author (s) Details

Ju Kyong Lee
Department of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea. 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v10/4972

Indigenous Development of Adaptive Osborne Reynolds Apparatus| Chapter 7 | Science and Technology - Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 5

 

COVID 19, wars, natural disasters, and others in recent times has caused geometric increase in economic meltdown in developing and developed nations. One of the ripples of these effects includes lack of functional laboratory apparatus in Africa’s tertiary institutions. This research is aimed at fabricating Osborne Reynolds apparatus using locally sourced materials with specific objectives which include analysis of the Osborne Reynolds’s model, preliminary design, construction of prototype, testing, validation, and finishing of the model. Pearson product moment of correlation statistical method was used to validate the newly fabricated apparatus. Result showed that the correlation coefficient of newly and ISO Standard imported apparatus gave perfect fit of 1. The newly fabricated Osborne Reynolds apparatus is much better than the imported ISO Standard once in view of the fact that it required optimal voltage, minimum operational and installation cost, cheaper and locally sourced raw materials and easy mobility. Minimum training cost of technicians on the calibration, use and maintenance of the fabricated apparatus is requires sequel to the fact that international experts and professionals are not required. The federal ministry of education in developing and developed countries should sponsor and encourage creative innovation and entrepreneurship development like this as it will help improve national GDP.

 

Author(s) Details:

Assoc.Prof. (Dr) Akpan Paul P.
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Engr. Gbinu Kabari S.
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Kanee Sorbari
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Ebuka Ifionu S.
Department of Civil Engineering, Chukwu Emeka Odumegu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.

 

Engr. Mrs. Dan-Orawari Gloria I.
Department of Welding and Fabrication Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 

Leyira Goodnews F.
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori,  Rivers State, Nigeria.


Kenule Gospel J
Department of Computer Science, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/STRUFP-V5/article/view/14930

Seasonal Fluctuations of Pigments and Biomass of Phytoplankton in Lentic Water Bodies of Bhadravathi Taluk, Karnataka, India | Chapter 9 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 8

The present investigation revealed that biomass of phytoplankton by chlorophyll estimation method shows that Chl.a, Chl.b and Chl.c distributions were unequal. The pigment diversity and quantity of phytoplankton in lentic water bodies are critical to the general health and function of aquatic ecosystems. Quantification   of phytoplankton biomass and community composition is important for understanding the structure and dynamics of fresh water ecosystems. The minimum concentration of Chl.a was 0.112mg/L during November at BVTS3 and maximum .077 mg/L was recorded same station in the month of December. The Chl.b concentration was 0.0023mg/L minimum during October at BVTS1 and maximum 0.6118mg/L during August at BVTS3 and 0.0083 mg/L Chl.c was minimum during October at BVTS3 and maximum 3.894 in October at BVTS4.The correlation coefficient of six physico-chemical parameters show fluctuating the positive and negative correlation with different chlorophyll pigments. The Chl.c shows positive correlation with magnesium but others not. In BVTS1 of Chl.a, b and c show positive correlation with water temperature, pH bicarbonate and other stations were not showed the positive correlation. A wide variety of pigments are present in phytoplankton, which helps them to absorb light energy for photosynthesis. Effective management, conservation, and resolution of environmental issues depend on an understanding of the pigment diversity and biomass of phytoplankton in lentic water bodies. The study help determine the variables impacting phytoplankton growth, comprehend the health of ecosystems, and develop efficient management plans for the preservation and sustainable use of aquatic resources.

Author(s) Details:

Ajayan K. V.,
Department of Botany, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women University, Vijayapura, India.

Parameswara Naik T.,
Department of Botany and Environmental Science, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V8/article/view/13748

Study about Performance Analysis of Image Enhancement Techniques for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) | Chapter 8 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 3

Image enhancement is one crucial component of the image processing sector, which allows upgrading the image class to construct the consequential image further valuable than the original.

Digital image processing is an indispensable domain in the present era. Image enhancement is a crucial phase in image processing that aims to produce a more desirable effect than the original image.

The clarity of an image is influenced by various factors, including the capturing device, environmental conditions, and illumination.

Numerous image enhancement techniques have been developed to restore image information. Image enhancement methods offer a range of options for improving the quality of images. The choice of these methods is influenced by various factors such as image input, display instrument, and task requirements. It is renowned that image processing system is superior whenever the performance of the image enhancement routine is high. This study provides an overview of image enhancement perception and evaluates commonly used algorithms using MATLAB R2014a based on four assessment parameters. The edge adaptive hybrid filter was found to be superior. For future vocation one could discover an innovative image enrichment method, amendment in presenting techniques with healthier truth or suitable amalgamation of image augmentation schemes.

Author(s) Details:

M. S. Sonawane,
SGBAU, Amravati (M.S.), India.

C. A. Dhawale,
P. R. Pote College of Engineering and Management, Amravati (M.S.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V3/article/view/13060

Association and Path Analysis of Yield and Its Component Traits for Yield Maximization in Green Gram: A Recent Study | Chapter 15 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

In ten genetically diverse genotypes of green gramme (Vigna radiata L.) and their 24 F2 (segregating) populations, an analysis was done to determine the correlation coefficients among thirteen quantitative traits and to examine the direct and indirect effects of various yield contributing traits on grain yield. The results of the association study show that there is a highly significant and positive correlation between grain yield per plant and traits like number of days until flowering, number of pods per cluster, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, and biological yield per plant (g), suggesting that these traits may be improved simultaneously. However, yield per plant for parents showed a significant negative correlation with primary branches per plant and harvest index at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. The harvest index showed a negative connection with most of the features at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. According to route analysis, biological yield per plant, harvest index, and seeds per pod all had a significant direct impact in the intended direction. Biological yield per plant, harvest index, seeds per pod, and clusters per plant may all be improved to maximise seed output per plant. High yielding cultivars can be created by using hybridization followed by direct and indirect selection for these features.

Author(s) Details:

Pushpendra Singh,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Piparsama Road, Shivpuri (M.P.), India.

Surendra Singh,
Brahmanand P.G. College, Rath (Hamirpur), Uttar Pradesh, India.

M. K. Bhargava,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Piparsama Road, Shivpuri (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7264

Analysis of Genetic Differences in fatty Acids and Oil Contents among Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern & Coss Genotypes | Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 1

 The experiment was designed to determine erraticism among 188 Indian mustard genotypes based on various biochemical characteristics such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acids, as well as oil composition.

Experiment was carried out at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, India, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa

The presence of a significant amount of variation across selected Indian mustard genotypes was determined by analysis of variance, implying improved prospects for their improvement. Oleic acid has the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, followed by erucic and palmitic acids. Heritability and genetic advancement were determined by erucic, oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Erucic acid has a strong negative association with palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Palmitic acid had the most positive direct effect on erucic acid in both genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient studies, while linoleic, oleic, linolenic acids, and oil content had the highest negative direct effect on erucic acid. The genotypes were clustered into eighteen different groups using genetic deviation and Euclidean distance clustering. Erucic acid was found to be low in 9 genotypes, moderate in 57 genotypes, and higher in 122 genotypes when all biochemical strictures were examined. During a group analysis of qualitative indicators, a severe inter cluster gap between cluster 18 (Karishma) and cluster 12 was discovered (Maya). As a result, these genotypes could be used as parentages in Indian mustard breeding to improve a variety of qualitative indices.

Author(S) Details

Chitralekha Shyam
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 M. P, India.

Manoj Kumar Tripathi
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India and Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior-474002 M.P, India.

Niraj Tripathi
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482004, India.

R. S. Sikarwar
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 M. P, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V1/article/view/6327

Management of Insect-pests Population in Black Gram with Novel Insecticides and Their Natural Enemies | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 A field experiment was performed on Black Gram variety T-9 at Entomology Instructional Farm, JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) during Kharif. In the 2nd week of August, the initiation of white fly infestation was reported and reached a peak level of 10.84 per five leaves in the 2nd week of September when the temperature ranged from 20.6-29.9 ° C & 70-99 percent RH. Correlation coefficient values for white fly occurrence and weather parameters showed that, apart from minimum temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity had a positive correlation, but maximum temperature and rainfall had a negative correlation with the population of white flies. While the first appearance of the Bihar hairy caterpillar was recorded in the 4th week of August and reached a peak level of 10.44 larvae / mrl in the 4th week of October when the temperature ranged from 15.1-30.7 ° C & 62-96 percent relative humidity. Correlation coefficient values for the incidence and weather parameters of the Bihar hairy caterpillar showed that the maximum The temperature had a positive association and the Bihar hairy caterpillar population had a negative effect on minimum temperature, maximum & minimum relative humidity in addition to rainfall. Test the effectiveness of new insecticide molecules, i.e. Flubendiamide 39.35 percent SC, Indoxacarb 15.8 percent EC, Thiomethoxam 25 percent WG, Triazophos 40 percent EC, Monocrotophos 36 percent SL, Thiacloprid 21.7 percent SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 percent SC and Quinalphos 25 percent EC and the Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker and White fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius untreated control map. Thiacloprid 21.7% SC was considered most powerful against white fly followed by white fly followed by Thiomethoxam 25% WG was found to be most effective against Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, while Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was found most effective. In a plot treated with Chlorantraniliprole 20 g a.i., the highest yield of 1012,3 kg / ha was reported. /ha.-Ha. Natural enemies were reported during the seedling to podding stage of the crop during the Kharif season from the black gramme cultivars, indicating the incidence of eight species of insect pests and six species of natural enemies were observed on the crop under the agro-climatic condition of the region of Vindhaya.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Girish Patidar
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Dr. Akhilesh Kumar
College of Agriculture, JNKVV- KVK, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Kapil Soni
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Ashwin Patel
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Vivek Tripathi
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274