Comparative Efficacies of Insecticides against Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) Management | Chapter 11 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 2

The Rice Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae) has been reported as a pest of rice from several Asian countries like Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In India, it is a serious pest of irrigated and shallow-water rice ecosystems.  Management of rice gall midge is required in case it reaches above the economic injury level (EIL) and this can be attained through novel insecticides which are important in sustainable agriculture practices. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to determine the comparative efficacy of newer insecticides with different modes of application. A total 5 insecticidal molecules were selected with their both granular and foliar formulations, viz., Flubendiamide 0.7G, 20 WDG; Cartap hydrochloride 4G, 50 SP; Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, 18.5 SC; Fipronil 0.3G, 5 SC and Carbofuran 3G as check insecticide, applied at nursery and 25 DAT, 25 DAT and PI to Booting and, Nursery, 25 DAT and PI to Booting stages against rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) in rice during rabi, 2020-2021. All the treatments were effective for gall midge. Fipronil 0.3G formulation @ 1000 g/ ha at nursery, 20 kg/ ha at 25 DAT and 5 SC @ 1000 ml/ ha at PI to Booting stage (T₁₂) was significantly superior (>80% reduction over control) for gall midge management followed by Carbofuran 3G (T₁₃) @ 2000 g/ ha at nursery and 25 kg/ ha at 25 DAT (>75% reduction). The untreated plots had more silver shoots (6.47% overall silver shoot mean) than other chemical-treated plots. However, among all the treatments, Chlorantraniliprole (T₉) took the lead in the highest yield realization (79.08 q//ha) with a 42% increase over control.

 

Author (s) Details

 

D. Bhavana
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

S. Malathi
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malyal, Mahabubabad-506 101, India.

 

N.R.G. Varma
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

R. Shravan Kumar
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal-506 007, India.

 

 

T. Kiran Babu
Rice Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v2/5118

Efficacy of Selected Plant Materials for the Control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Cowpea Seeds: A Review | Chapter 4 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Effect of Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Shea butter (Vittallaria paradoxa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale (L)), Pipper guineense Schum, compared with Actellic dust (Pirimiphos methyl) on the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under prevailing laboratory conditions were reviewed. The review showed that, at three days post-treatment, A. indica, and P. guineense  caused 93.3% and 90%; adult mortality of C. maculatus at a rate of 0.8 g /20 g of cowpea seeds which was comparable with pirimiphos methyl that recorded 100% adult mortality at the same exposure period. However, at seven days post application, A. indica, P. guineense  and pirimiphos methyl powders caused 100% mortality of adult bruchid at all tested concentrations. Similarly, the mixture of C. Occidentalis and V. paradoxa leaf powders in the ratios of 50%:50% applied at the rate of 2.5.5.0, 7.5 and 10.0w/w into 20g of cowpea seeds caused bruchid mortality at different time intervals with the highest mortality (100%) observed on the treated seed with the leaf powders combination applied at 7.5 and 10.0%w/w concentrations 24hours after treatment and was similar to what was recorded on seed treated with Pirimiphos methyl. Cashew kernel oil extract completely prevented infestation and damage of cowpea seeds for a period of three months with the steam distillate being the most toxic of all the extracts tested. The review clearly revealed the potentials of A. indica and P. guineense  seeds powders and the mixed powders of leaves of C. occidentalis and V. paradoxa and cashew kernel oil as plant-derived grain protectants against C. maculatus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the protection of stored cowpeas against the bruchid.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kashere M. A.A
Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Horticulture, P.M.B 108, Dadin Kowa, Gombe State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v5/1181

Assessment of Deltamethrin Toxicity and Behavioral Effects in Albino Rats | Chapter 3 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 Background: The present study investigated the deleterious effects on behavior in albino rats, including motor coordination abilities and overall activity. Deltamethrin is a commonly used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, so understanding its potential effects on both humans and animals is crucial for ensuring safety in agricultural, residential, and public health settings. Comprehensive studies on its toxicological and behavioral impacts can contribute to risk assessments, regulatory decisions, and the development of safety guidelines and mitigation strategies.

 

Methods: Deltamethrin was administered intraperitoneal in adult wistar albino rats (250- 270 gm), in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/ body weight for a month. All rats were observed for behavioral and toxicological symptoms. Body weight and rectal temperature were measured. The open field behavior, social interaction test, landing foot splay, and forelimb and hindlimb grip test for neuromuscular function were done.

 

Results: Present study showed reduced locomotors activity but not motor coordination. In this respect, the most important response to increased emotionality in the open field is freezing behavior, with a consequent decrease in locomotion frequency parallel to an increase in immobility. Experimental rats showed signs of mild to moderate variety of behavior and toxicological symptoms characterized by decreased food intake and salivation, motor incoordination, looping, weaving etc. Deltamethrin treated rats showed statistical significant decrease in body weight. There was decreased locomotor and rearing frequency but increased duration of immobility. The social interaction was decreased and large foot angle was seen in treated rats. Delayed onset of reflexes was also observed.

 

Conclusion: The present study, thus, shows a great deal of variability in the toxicity and motor coordination in deltamethrin exposed rats. Deltamethrin treated rats exhibited significant deficits in motor abilities, coordination, and overall activity, as measured by footprint analysis and open field indicate that exposure to deltamethrin can have long-lasting motor and cognitive consequences.

Author(s) Details:

Anil Kumar,
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University, Sohar, Al Tareef, P.O. Box: 391, Sultanate of Oman.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V8/article/view/13966

Predatory Efficiency of Freshwater Fish Carassius auratus and Poecilia reticulata against Different Mosquito Larvae - An Ecofriendly Approach | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi being the reason for deadly afflictions to human beings and animals. Carassius auratus and Poecilia reticulata were used to evaluate for eating efficiency against ailments causing pest larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi and remarkable larval devouring rate was observed that C. auratus feed all 50 larvae inside 6 hours and P. reticulata feed all 50 at the end of 21st hours. Therefore, we desire C. auratus and P. reticulata can be effectively secondhand against mosquitoes for integrated heading control management programme.

Author(s) Details:

P. Devapriya,
Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem - 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.

R. Maheswaran,
Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem – 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12627

Reduction of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera L.) Population by Application of Selected Insecticides and Bio Pesticides| Chapter 5 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 1

 Chickpea pod drill (Helicoverpa armigera L.) has reported expected the most hazardous and notorious contagion infesting upon the chickpea plant and acquiring heavy deficits. Chickpea is one of the main crops grown everywhere Uttar Pradesh and the farmers in these domains are facing a bigger issue related to the disease of chickpea pod borer. Keeping it visible, the present research was transported at the Central Research Field of Department of Agricultural Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Rabi season of 2021-22. Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Karanj Oil, Neem Oil, Spinosad, Emamectin benzoate + Indoxacarb, and Indoxacarb were the cures employed in the study. The results displayed that Emamectin benzoate 5% SG + Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (73.57%) had the largest portion reduction in basic population and was ultimate effective at lowering the larval populace. It is then understood by Spinosad 45% SC (65.03%), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (59.02%), Beauveria bassiana (1x108 cfu) (54.87%), Metarhizium anisopliae (1x108 cfu) (50.92%), Neem Oil 2% (45.81%) and Karanj Oil 2% (37.53%). The incorporation of botanicals accompanying that of the novel insecticides has proved expected a beneficial individual and also pushing up the sustainable land practices.

Author(s) Details:

Khanjan Das,
Department of Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211007, India.

Anoorag R. Tayde,
Department of Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211007, India.

Suman Mohanty,
Department of Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211007, India.

Pedamallu Saiteja,
Department of Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V1/article/view/8627

Field Evaluation of Selected Insecticides and Botanical against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Mustard, Brassica juncea L.: An Experimental Investigation| Chapter 9 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 1

 A field experiment was completed activity at Central Research Farm [CRF], SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj during the Rabi season. Six situations were examinedagainst Lipaphis erysimi. i.e. Fipronil 5% SC @ 0.5ml/lit, Difenthurion 50% WP @ 0.20g/illuminated, Profenophos 50% EC @ 1ml/lit, Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.25g/illuminated, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.5ml/lit and NSKE 5% @ 5ml/illuminated were evaluated against mustard bug Lipaphis erysimi. Mustard aphid is the main constraint responsible for depressed yield as well as inferior seed, that is considered as key factor in lowering mustard result and can cause yield loss until 90% . Among the various treatments, rude population of flavoring aphid was written in Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (22.82). The plot treated with Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (24.6 q/ha) written highest yield with different treatments understood by Thiamethoxam 25% WG (21.8 q/ha), Difenthurion 50% WP (18.2 q/ha), Fipronil 5% SC (16.4 q/ha), Profenophos 50% EC (14.3 q/ha) and NSKE 5% (13.5 q/ha) as compared to the control plot (9.2 q/ha). Among the situations, the best and most economical therapy was Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (1:7.24) followed by Thiamethoxam 25% WG (1:6.43), Difenthurion 50% WP (1:5.24), Fipronil 5% SC (1:4.64), Profenophos 50% EC (1:3.94) and NSKE 5% (1:3.90) as distinguished to control plot (1:2.83).

Author(s) Details:

Chichadi Eswara Praveen Raju,
Department of Entomology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India.

Anoorag R. Tayde,
Department of Entomology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India.

Suman Mohanty,
Department of Entomology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V1/article/view/8562

Management of Insect-pests Population in Black Gram with Novel Insecticides and Their Natural Enemies | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 A field experiment was performed on Black Gram variety T-9 at Entomology Instructional Farm, JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) during Kharif. In the 2nd week of August, the initiation of white fly infestation was reported and reached a peak level of 10.84 per five leaves in the 2nd week of September when the temperature ranged from 20.6-29.9 ° C & 70-99 percent RH. Correlation coefficient values for white fly occurrence and weather parameters showed that, apart from minimum temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity had a positive correlation, but maximum temperature and rainfall had a negative correlation with the population of white flies. While the first appearance of the Bihar hairy caterpillar was recorded in the 4th week of August and reached a peak level of 10.44 larvae / mrl in the 4th week of October when the temperature ranged from 15.1-30.7 ° C & 62-96 percent relative humidity. Correlation coefficient values for the incidence and weather parameters of the Bihar hairy caterpillar showed that the maximum The temperature had a positive association and the Bihar hairy caterpillar population had a negative effect on minimum temperature, maximum & minimum relative humidity in addition to rainfall. Test the effectiveness of new insecticide molecules, i.e. Flubendiamide 39.35 percent SC, Indoxacarb 15.8 percent EC, Thiomethoxam 25 percent WG, Triazophos 40 percent EC, Monocrotophos 36 percent SL, Thiacloprid 21.7 percent SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 percent SC and Quinalphos 25 percent EC and the Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker and White fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius untreated control map. Thiacloprid 21.7% SC was considered most powerful against white fly followed by white fly followed by Thiomethoxam 25% WG was found to be most effective against Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, while Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC was found most effective. In a plot treated with Chlorantraniliprole 20 g a.i., the highest yield of 1012,3 kg / ha was reported. /ha.-Ha. Natural enemies were reported during the seedling to podding stage of the crop during the Kharif season from the black gramme cultivars, indicating the incidence of eight species of insect pests and six species of natural enemies were observed on the crop under the agro-climatic condition of the region of Vindhaya.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Girish Patidar
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Dr. Akhilesh Kumar
College of Agriculture, JNKVV- KVK, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Kapil Soni
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Ashwin Patel
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

Mr. Vivek Tripathi
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Rewa (MP), India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/274