Efficacy of Selected Plant Materials for the Control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Cowpea Seeds: A Review | Chapter 4 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

Effect of Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Shea butter (Vittallaria paradoxa), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale (L)), Pipper guineense Schum, compared with Actellic dust (Pirimiphos methyl) on the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under prevailing laboratory conditions were reviewed. The review showed that, at three days post-treatment, A. indica, and P. guineense  caused 93.3% and 90%; adult mortality of C. maculatus at a rate of 0.8 g /20 g of cowpea seeds which was comparable with pirimiphos methyl that recorded 100% adult mortality at the same exposure period. However, at seven days post application, A. indica, P. guineense  and pirimiphos methyl powders caused 100% mortality of adult bruchid at all tested concentrations. Similarly, the mixture of C. Occidentalis and V. paradoxa leaf powders in the ratios of 50%:50% applied at the rate of 2.5.5.0, 7.5 and 10.0w/w into 20g of cowpea seeds caused bruchid mortality at different time intervals with the highest mortality (100%) observed on the treated seed with the leaf powders combination applied at 7.5 and 10.0%w/w concentrations 24hours after treatment and was similar to what was recorded on seed treated with Pirimiphos methyl. Cashew kernel oil extract completely prevented infestation and damage of cowpea seeds for a period of three months with the steam distillate being the most toxic of all the extracts tested. The review clearly revealed the potentials of A. indica and P. guineense  seeds powders and the mixed powders of leaves of C. occidentalis and V. paradoxa and cashew kernel oil as plant-derived grain protectants against C. maculatus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the protection of stored cowpeas against the bruchid.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kashere M. A.A
Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Horticulture, P.M.B 108, Dadin Kowa, Gombe State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v5/1181

Comparative Analysis of Future Tense Expressions in English and Azerbaijani | Chapter 5 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 1

The category of tense is a verbal category. The existence of this category is universally recognized. Like all other grammatical categories, it also has its own opposemes. Belonging to different language families, the English and Azerbaijani languages differ in all the aspects (grammar, phonetics and lexis) of the language. Therefore, as non-native speakers, Azerbaijanis have many difficulties in learning English. Many scholars try to eliminate those difficulties by comparing and analyzing the languages, finding out the similarities and differences between the languages compared. One of the main problems for Azerbaijani learners of English is learning the ways of expressing futurity in English to be able to select proper means of expression while translating from English into Azerbaijani and vice versa. The development of linguistics in the last few decades has been so quick and manifold that a new insight has been implemented concerning the current problems. It gave rise to the development of the comparative typological investigation of non-kindred languages. We shall try to investigate future tense in English based upon quantitative typology that investigates this or that phenomena existing in two compared languages. Our investigation aims to show the grammatical ways of expressing the future in contemporary English, reveal similarities and differences between the ways of expressing the future in English and Azerbaijan and, consequently, provide corresponding forms in Azerbaijani. As English is much richer in the ways of expressing future action than Azerbaijani, we will analyze and provide all the possible ways of conveying them in Azerbaijani. There are many controversial and quarrel points concerning the future tense problem in English and Azerbaijani. The article highlights these problems by providing prominent linguists’ theoretical points of view as well as the author’s analysis and approach to the stated problems. The article concluded that to compensate the lack of tenses, there are many ways in the Azerbaijani language to express the corresponding forms of future action in English. All these ways should be properly delivered to the learners of English to enable them to choose the most suitable while performing English-Azerbaijani and Azerbaijani English translations.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Saadat Nuriyeva
Department of English Grammar, Azerbaijan University of Languages, Baku, Azerbaijan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v1/4235