The Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Plant Products | Chapter 4 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

Plant product toxicity or herbal toxicity is a field that has rapidly grown worldwide over the last few years, along with increased use of plant products. The aim of this study is to discuss the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of some plant products. This chapter mainly focuses on the plants that are accepted as healthy; however, they contain genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. This chapter discussed the commonly used herbal foods and medications that are carcinogenic. Moreover, the risks and hazards of some plants were discussed, and thorough studies were conducted.

 

Herbs, seeds, leaves or plant products are widely used as food, medicines, and even some people become addicted to betel nut chewing, pan masala, tobacco products, particularly cigarettes, etc., but sometimes may cause adverse effects in the body. These products induce various diseases, illnesses and even cancer. Therefore, using herbal products or medicines does not ensure their complete safety. These plant products or extracts are known to contain chemical components identified as significant genotoxic mutagens and carcinogens. Sometimes, these genotoxic agents are transformed or metabolised into procarcinogens and carcinogens. For example, fungal toxin aflatoxin is metabolised into a poisonous carcinogen that can cause the mutation of the p53 gene, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma is induced. Contradictory results are often obtained with the beneficial and adverse effects of plant products as reported. The researchers should conduct further studies to assess the toxicity of plant products and their interactive effects on cancer risk. The government should take the initiative to inspire researchers to conduct extensive research in this field and to educate the general public about the need to restrict the excessive use of these products.

 

Author (s) Details

Sudipta Chowdhury
P.G. Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandrakona Town, Paschim Medinipore -721201, West Bengal, India.

 

Samarendra Nath Banerjee
Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, West Bengal, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5703

Effects of Anticancerous Drugs- EMS and MMS in Induced Diabetic Mouse: Differential Response of Biochemical Parameters and Dose Effect Relationship of Chromosomal Aberrations | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

Diabetes is one among the top ten leading killers of human population. Epidemiological studies revealed that diabetes is being increased due to exposure to pollutants. Alkylating agents are one such group of pollutants, which are also being used as anticancer agents. Even though, we use alkylating agents as antineoplastics, their influence in diabetic condition in human has not been worked out. Hence, mouse as a model organism was used to induce diabetic condition and the same has been employed to test the well known two alkylating agents such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). These agents were tested to understand their influence on biochemical parameters and on chromosomes. The results have revealed that these agents drastically affect the different biochemical parameters. Further, for the first time it has been demonstrated that these agents induce less chromosomal aberrations in diabetic mouse compared to non-diabetic. These results are discussed with relevant literature.

Author(s) Details:

Vasudev V.,
University of Mysore, P.G Centre, Hemagangotri, Hassan-573220, Karanataka, India.

Khalandar B. B. D.,
Department of Bioscience University of Mysore, P.G Centre, Hemagangotri, Hassan-573220, Karanataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13302

A Critical Review on the Application of Veterinary Cytogenetics in Domestic Animals | Chapter 3 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 4

 The study of chromosomes is cytogenetics; their structure and properties, chromosome activity during cell division, their effect on traits and factors that cause chromosome changes. The application of cytogenetics to clinical problems which occur in animal production is veterinary cytogenetics. It has been used to explain issues such as infertility and its forms, embryonic and foetal death, sexual and somatic growth defects and hybrid sterility, prenatal sex determination and other forms of chromosomal abnormalities as well. Via traditional and banded karyotyping techniques and molecular cytogenetic techniques, these are accomplished. While traditional techniques are still useful and widely used, as a result of developments in molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization and array-based techniques, the essence of cytogenetics has gradually changed. In both molecular diagnostics and basic science, these developments are evident. The combination of traditional and molecular cytogenetics has given rise to techniques of high resolution that have made it possible to research fundamental questions about biological processes. It helps the study of inherited syndromes, tumorigenesis processes at the molecular level, the organisation of the genome and the determination of chromosome homologies between organisms. It makes it easy to pick the animals in the breeding programmes and other essential aspects of the development of animals. Molecular cytogenetics has now substantially reduced the presence of a large resolution distance between conventional cytogenetic techniques and techniques in molecular biology. We addressed a variety of techniques used in cytogenetics and their methodologies in this paper, and suggest where the benefits of animal production should be based in the future. The applications of these approaches have now transcended the limits of low-resolution chromosomal aberration diagnostics and are now well known in basic functional and comparative study.

Author(s) Details

Muhammad Sanusi Yahaya
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia and Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Mohd Shahrom Salisi
Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.

Nur Mahiza Md. Isa
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.

Abd Wahid Haron
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.

Innocent Damudu Peter
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia and Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/353