The
study of chromosomes is cytogenetics; their structure and properties,
chromosome activity during cell division, their effect on traits and factors
that cause chromosome changes. The application of cytogenetics to clinical
problems which occur in animal production is veterinary cytogenetics. It has
been used to explain issues such as infertility and its forms, embryonic and
foetal death, sexual and somatic growth defects and hybrid sterility, prenatal
sex determination and other forms of chromosomal abnormalities as well. Via
traditional and banded karyotyping techniques and molecular cytogenetic
techniques, these are accomplished. While traditional techniques are still
useful and widely used, as a result of developments in molecular cytogenetic
techniques, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization and array-based
techniques, the essence of cytogenetics has gradually changed. In both
molecular diagnostics and basic science, these developments are evident. The
combination of traditional and molecular cytogenetics has given rise to
techniques of high resolution that have made it possible to research
fundamental questions about biological processes. It helps the study of
inherited syndromes, tumorigenesis processes at the molecular level, the
organisation of the genome and the determination of chromosome homologies
between organisms. It makes it easy to pick the animals in the breeding
programmes and other essential aspects of the development of animals. Molecular
cytogenetics has now substantially reduced the presence of a large resolution
distance between conventional cytogenetic techniques and techniques in
molecular biology. We addressed a variety of techniques used in cytogenetics
and their methodologies in this paper, and suggest where the benefits of animal
production should be based in the future. The applications of these approaches
have now transcended the limits of low-resolution chromosomal aberration
diagnostics and are now well known in basic functional and comparative study.
Author(s) Details
Muhammad Sanusi Yahaya
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia and Department of
Theriogenology and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Mohd Shahrom Salisi
Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.
Nur Mahiza Md. Isa
Department of Pathology and Microbiology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.
Abd Wahid Haron
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia.
Innocent Damudu Peter
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra, Malaysia and Department of
Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri,
Maiduguri, Nigeria.
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