Sulfate Status and Wheat Yield Response to Sulfur Fertilizer in Acidic Soils of Tsegede Highlands, Northern Ethiopia | Chapter 5 | Soil Acidity Characterization and Effects of Liming and Chemical Fertilization on Microbial Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): The Case of Acidic Soils in Tsegede District, Northern Ethiopia, Edition 1

A soil survey and two greenhouse experiments were conducted in acidic soils of the Tsegede District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia to determine available sulfur (SO₄-S) status in three land use types across three sites and wheat yield response to different sulfur (S) fertilizer levels applied in the form of gypsum (CaSO₄.2H₂O) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) along with and without lime. Composite soil samples were collected and analyzed following the standard procedures. Two experiments were conducted following the randomized complete block design with ten treatment combinations: two levels of lime (with and without lime) and five levels of S (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha^-1 S), one using CaSO₄.2H₂O and the other using K₂SO₄ as increasing of SO4 replicated three times. The results revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) changes in soil SO4-S status with the change in site and land use type. Its content in the forest land soils was significantly higher by about 162 and 160% over the cultivated and grazing land soils, respectively; the results showed a positive correlation (r = 0.773**) with soil pH and a negative correlation with exchangeable acidity (r = -0.786**) and Al (r = -0.806**). Grain yield and S use efficiency of wheat crop was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the application of S in the form of K2SO4 than gypsum. Successive increasing of S fertilizers in the form of K2SO4 up to the level of 50 kg ha^-1 S has been observed to increase biomass and grain yield of wheat considerably. Furthermore, soils treated with S fertilizer along with lime achieved significantly higher yields than those without lime. The findings indicate that due consideration of the impact of land use transformation on soil sulfate status and application of S fertilizers in the form of K₂SO₄ along with lime could improve wheat crop production in the S-deficient acidic soils of the Tsegede highlands.

 

Author (s) Details

Abreha Kidanemariam Hadera
Haramaya University, Ethiopia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-81-3/CH5

Estimating the Shear Strength of Binary Blended Concrete Incorporated with Hydrated Lime via Artificial Intelligence Technique | Chapter 6 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 1

This analytical study examined the shear strength of blended Portland cement concrete with hydrated lime (HL) added as an additive. For a variety of mix ratios, 120 shear strength values were empirically acquired at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The ingredients of this concrete were water, portland cement (PC), HL, granite chips (GC), and river sand (RS). 96 of the findings were used to create a Levernberg-Marquardt backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) for measuring the concrete's shear strength. The 24 outcomes that were not employed were utilized to test the forecast's efficacy of the ANN. The six input variables in the model were the proportions of water, curing age, PC, HL, RS, and GC. The measured value of the shear strength was the output variable. One hidden layer comprising 20 neurons was implemented. The highest 28-day shear strength value of 1.257 N/mm2 was recorded when 13.75% of PC was supplanted with HL for a water-to-cement ratio of 0.58. The ANN's performance demonstrated that the model was implemented well enough. The network forecast and experimental values yielded root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.0278 to 0.06536. These are nearly equal to zero. Furthermore, the calculated factor of agreement (IA) was found to be between 0.0475 and 0.1747. These are within the predetermined range of 0 to 1 for varied consistency. R-values for the training, validating, testing and for all data were 0.96978, 0.96303, 0.95739, and 0.96624 accordingly. These were all close to 1 meaning that the model fits very well with the data sets. The most significant average percentage error between the experimental outcomes and the forecasts made by the model was calculated to be 2.5066%. Finally, there is no longer a requirement for experimental laboratory study because the developed ANN can be utilized to forecast the shear strength of hydrated lime cement concrete with convincing accuracy thereby saving time and energy during the concrete mix design process.

 

Author (s) Details

 

C.T.G. Awodiji
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

D.O. Onwuka
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

S. Sule
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v1/2978

Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Various Admixtures: A Brief Review | Chapter 09 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 2

 The major goal of this research is to critically evaluate admixtures for expanding soil stability. Expansive soil, also known as clayey soil, can change its volume when water is available, causing swelling and shrinkage. Borrow earth is difficult to get by in urban places, and it must be hauled in from afar. Large regions are frequently covered in extremely flexible and expansive soil that is unsuitable for this purpose. Because of its low strength and high expansion, it causes damage to building structures and road pavements. Admixtures can improve the soil qualities in a negative way, stabilising clayey soil. Because of the cationic exchange in lime stabilisation, which promotes agglomeration and flocculation of the soil, it has a substantial impact on several parameters of expansive soil, including plasticity index, compaction, swell potential, clay fraction reduction, and silt and sand fraction increase.

Author(S) Details

K. Murali
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

S. Ashok
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

N. Giridharan
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

K. Kaniyan Pandiarasan
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

P. Logesh
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V2/article/view/4384

Recent Research of Lime Mortar and FAL-G with Urea| Chapter 9 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 14

 Urine is used to improve the characteristics of traditional Indian lime mortar. To provide a more sanitary option, urea (fertiliser) was employed instead of urine in this investigation. Urea is applied in various proportions, including 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, and 5 percent, using Lime Mortar 1:3 and FALG paste. Weight density, water absorption, and compressive strength were all tested on the resultant composites, which were cast into 50-square-centimeter cubes. The output of plain FAL-G cubes and simple lime mortar cubes were compared. With 3 percent urea, FAL-G has greater characteristics than lime mortar.

Author (s) Details

T. Raghunathan
Department of Civil Engineering, P.A.C. Ramasamy Raja Polytechnic College, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.


View Book :  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V14/article/view/1268

The Influence of Dolomitic Lime and Muriate of Potash Application on Fruit Mineral Content and Jelly Seed Disorder Incidence of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Jelly seed physiological condition is one of the factors leading to mango (Mangifera indica L) losses in Kenya and other parts of the world. It's thought to be linked to a lack of N, K, Mg, and Ca in the fruit's supply. Mango production in Kenya has increased as a result of rising demand for fruits as people become more conscious of their health benefits. The aim of this analysis was to see how dolomitic lime and muriate of potash (MOP) fertilisation affected mango jelly seed disorder and mineral content in the fruit tissue. In 2013 and 2014, MOP at rates of 0, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/tree/year, as well as dolomitic lime at rates of 0 and 2 kg/tree/year, were applied to ‘Tommy Atkins' and ‘Van Dyke' trees. A hedonic scale was used to rate the occurrence of jelly seeds in a group of ten tree ripe fruits per procedure. The content of K, Ca, and Mg in another fruit sample was determined. Dolomitic lime and MOP fertilisation had no effect on jelly seed score, but they did increase fruit K, Mg, and Ca content significantly when compared to regulation.

Author (s) Details

Joseph Njuguna
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), P.O Box 220-01000.Thika, Kenya.

Jane Ambuko
University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya.

Margaret Hutchinson
University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya.

Willis Owino
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V8/article/view/803

Research on Utilization of Waste Materials in Soil Stabilization | Chapter 11 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 3

Soil strength plays a vital role in the construction field. The main purpose of this project is to stabilize red soil with the help of various waste materials. The waste materials used are rice husk ash, lime, ground granulated blast furnace slag and coconut coir fiber. These waste materials have been mixed with the soil in the ratio 10%, 20% and 30% and subjected to various tests Specific Gravity Test, Sieve Analysis Test, Plasticity Index Test, Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compression test and California Bearing ratio test. A comparative increase in soil strength was found with all the waste materials. Thus, ultimately the soil is stabilized with the help of these waste materials.

Author(s) Details

Mr. R. Sanjay Kumar
Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF), Paiyanoor, India.

Dr. D. S. Vijayan
Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF), Paiyanoor, India.

C. Nivetha
Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF), Paiyanoor, India.

D. Parthiban
Department of Civil Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF), Paiyanoor, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/179